Indonesian medicinal plants. II. Chemical structures of Pongapinones A and B, two new phenylpropanoids from the bark of Pongamia pinnata (Papilionaceae).

Two new phenylpropanoids named pongapinone A (1) and pongapinone B (2) were isolated from the bark of Pongamia pinnata (Papilionaceae), an Indonesian medicinal plant, and their chemical structures have been elucidated on the basis of their physicochemical properties. Pongapinone A (1) was found to inhibit interleukin-1 production.     

Indonesian medicinal plants. XXIII. Chemical structures of two new migrated pimarane-type diterpenes, neoorthosiphols A and B, and suppressive effects on rat thoracic aorta of chemical constituents isolated from the leaves of Orthosiphon aristatus (Lamiaceae)

Two novel migrated pimarane-type diterpenes named neoorthosiphols A (1) and B (2) were isolated from the water decoction of the leaves of Orthosiphon aristatus (Lamiaceae), which has been prescribed in Javanese traditional medicine (jamu) for the treatment of hypertension, etc. The absolute chemical structures have been elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties. It has been found that two migrated pimarane-type diterpenes (1, 2), four isopimarane-type diterpenes (3, 4, 5, 6), three benzochromenes (7, 8, 9) and two flavones (12, 13) exhibit a suppressive effect on contractile responses in rat thoracic aorta, among thirteen chemical constituents (1-13) isolated from the leaves.     

Indonesian medicinal plants. XXIV. Stereochemical structure of perseitol x K+ complex isolated from the leaves of Scurrula fusca (Loranthaceae)

A complex of perseitol (D-glycero-D-galacto-heptitol) and K+ ions in a molar ratio of 20:1 was isolated from the leaves of Scurrula fusca (Loranthaceae), which has been traditionally used for the treatment of cancer in Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. The stereochemical structure of the complex in H2O solution has been elucidated by use of several kinds of NMR techniques. Furthermore, it has been found that the complex exhibits a potent inhibitory effect on [3H]-leucine incorporation for protein synthesis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in mice.     

箭根薯属(Tacca)苦味成分的研究-箭根酮内酯A和B的结构

从裂果薯中分得三种新型甾族苦味成分, 通过光谱解析, 推定箭根酮内酯A和B的结构前者对肿瘤细胞有抑制作用, 并对鼠疟原虫有杀灭作用.     

Afzeliixanthones A and B, two new prenylated xanthones from Garcinia afzelii ENGL. (Guttiferae)

Two new prenylated xanthones, afzeliixanthones A (1) and B (2), together with three known xanthones (3-5) and two phytosterols, beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol, were isolated from the CH2Cl2/MeOH (1:1) extract of the stem bark of Garcinia afzelii ENGL. collected in the South West Province of Cameroon. Structures were mainly established using one and two-dimensional NMR and mass spectroscopies. The antioxidant activities of the crude extracts as well as the new compounds (1) and (2) were evaluated.     

Evaluation of two methods for the extraction of antioxidants from medicinal plants

The efficiencies of two traditional extraction methods used in Chinese medicine (the decoction method and the maceration method) were evaluated for the extraction of antioxidants from medicinal plants. A group of medicinal plants possessing nutritious and tonic functions were chosen as model plants. A commonly used extraction method was used as a reference method. The antioxidant capacities and total phenolic contents of the extracts were measured by ferric-reducing antioxidant power and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assays as well as the Folin–Ciocalteu method, respectively. The results obtained indicated that the two traditional extraction methods could effectively extract antioxidants from medicinal plants. These extraction methods can be applied to the analysis and purification of antioxidants in plants, respectively. At home, people can use these methods to extract antioxidants from plants for consumption. In the food industry, these methods could be utilized to prepare crude extracts from plants containing antioxidants for use as food additives. Figure Relation and comparison of extraction efficiencies of two traditional extraction methods with the reference method Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Kadsuphilactones A and B, two new triterpene dilactones from kadsuraphilippinensis

[structure: see text]. Two novel triterpene dilactones, kadsuphilactones A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the Taiwanese medicinal plant Kadsura philippinensis. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods, including two-dimensional NMR techniques, and confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Kadsuphilactone B (2) exhibited in vitro anti-HBV activity with IC(50) values of 6 microg/mL by HBsAg enzyme immunoassay.     

In silico and in vitro identification of candidate SIRT1 activators from Indonesian medicinal plants compounds database

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a class III family of protein histone deacetylases involved in NAD⁺-dependent deacetylation reactions. It has been suggested that SIRT1 activators may have a protective role against type 2 diabetes, the aging process, and inflammation. This study aimed to explore and identify medicinal plant compounds from Indonesian Herbal Database (HerbalDB) that might potentially become a candidate for SIRT1 activators through a combination of in silico and in vitro methods. Two pharmacophore models were developed using co-crystalized ligands that allosterically bind with SIRT1 similar to the putative ligands used by SIRT1 activators. Then, these were used for the virtual screening of HerbalDB. The identified compounds were subjected to molecular docking and 50 ns molecular dynamics simulation. Molecular dynamics simulation was analyzed using MM-GB(PB)SA methods. The compounds identified by these methods were tested in an in vitro study using a SIRT-Glo™ luminescence assay. Virtual screening using structure-based pharmacophores predicted that mulberrin as the best candidate SIRT1 activator. Virtual screening using ligand-based pharmacophores predicted that gartanin, quinidine, and quinine to be the best candidates as SIRT1 activators. The molecular docking studies showed the important residues involved were Ile223 and Ile227 at the allosteric region. The MM-GB(PB)SA calculations confirmed that mulberrin, gartanin, quinidine, quinine showed activity at allosteric region and their EC₅₀ in vitro values are 2.10; 1.79; 1.71; 1.14 μM, respectively. Based on in silico and in vitro study results, mulberin, gartanin, quinidine, and quinine had good activity as SIRT1 activators.     

Structures of xantholides A and B,two new guaianolides from xanthium canadense mill.

The structures of xantholides A and B were deduced on the basis of IR and NMR spectra, and confirmed by X-ray analysis. Xantholide A inhibited the larval growth of Drosophila melanogaster.     

ent-Homoabyssomicins A and B, two new spirotetronate metabolites from Streptomyces sp. Ank 210

ent-Homoabyssomicins A (1) and B (2) are new complex polycyclic spirotetronate metabolites isolated from Streptomyces sp. isolate Ank 210. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses of 1D and 2D NMR data. The absolute configuration of 1 was established by subsequent single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.     

The sesquiterpene lactones from achillea fragrantissima,I. Achillolide A and B,two novel germacranolides

With the aid of one- and two-dimensional multipulse NMR techniques the structure of two novel sesquiterpene lactones from Achillea fragrantissima growing in Israel were elucidated and their conformational behaviour investigated. Although both compounds are closely related in their structures their CD spectra indicate that they belong to different enantiomeric series.     

Cuspidans A and B, two new stilbenoids from the bark of Gnetum cuspidatum

Cuspidan A (1), a new stilbene sestermer consisting of a resveratrol, an oxyresveratrol, and a 3,5-dihydroxyphenylmethanol constituent units and cuspidan B (2), a new tri-cyclic stilbene monomer were isolated from the bark of Gnetum cuspidatum. The structures and configurations of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of 2D-NMR correlations.     

Bicunningines A and B, two new dimeric diterpenes from Cunninghamia lanceolata

Two unprecedented dimeric diterpenoids, with a 2,3-dihydrofuran ring fusing an abietane and a 4,5-seco-abietane diterpene, were isolated from Cunninghamia lanceolata. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic measurements, and their absolute configurations were determined by quantum chemical TDDFT ECD calculations, chemical transformations, and Mosher's method. The Mosher method carried out with MPA and MTPA esters of the sterically hindered sec-hydroxyl group gave contradictory results, while MPA afforded the correct absolute configuration.     

Indonesian medicinal plants. XXV. Cancer cell invasion inhibitory effects of chemical constituents in the parasitic plant Scurrula atropurpurea (Loranthaceae)

Six fatty acids (1-6), two xanthines (7, 8), two flavonol glycosides (9, 10), one monoterpene glucoside (11), one lignan glycoside (12), and four flavanes (13-16) were clarified by a bioassay-guided separation as chemical constituents of Scurrula atropurpurea (Loranthaceae), a parasitic plant of the tea plant Thea sinensis (Theaceae). Among these constituents, it was found that the alkynic fatty acid octadeca-8,10,12-triynoic acid (6) exhibits a more potent inhibitory effect on cancer cell invasion in vitro than flavanes [(+)-catechin (13), (-)-epicatechin (14), (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate (15) and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (16)].     

Suffruyabiosides A and B, two new monoterpene diglycosides from moutan cortex

Two new monoterpene diglycosides, suffruyabiosides A and B, and seven known compounds 3-9 were isolated from Moutan Cortex (root cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews). The structures were elucidated on the basis of 2D NMR spectral data. Suffruyabiosides A and B are rare monoterpene diglycosides, including a cellobiose in the molecules. Salicylpaeoniflorin (4) had a antiproliferation effect similar to paeoniflorin (3) on human lung adenocarcinoma epitherial A549 cells. Galloylpaeoniflorin (8) and salicylpaeoniflorin (4) revealed a more pronounced radical scavenging effect than a-tocopherol (positive control). An increase in the number of phenolic hydroxyl groups produced a more effective radical scavenging effect [8 > mudanpioside E (6) > oxypaeoniflorin (5)]. Comparison of the effects of 4 and 5 showed that o-substitution with a phenolic hydroxyl group was more effective than p-substitution. The results suggest that salicylpaeoniflorin (4) may be useful as a cytotoxic and a radical scavenging agent.     

Abibalsamins A and B, two new tetraterpenoids from Abies balsamea oleoresin

Abibalsamins A (1) and B (2), two unprecedented tetraterpenoids featuring a 3,4-seco-rearranged lanostane system fused with a β-myrcene lateral chain via a [4 + 2] Diels-Alder cycloaddition, were isolated from the oleoresin of Abies balsamea. Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive 2D NMR, IR, and MS spectroscopy analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Both compounds exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines.