Optical properties of aperiodic multilayered structures with equal geometric layer thickness

The comparative analysis of optical properties of aperiodic multilayered systems with equal optical and geometrical thickness of layers has been carried out. The data on the dielectric structures constructed with use of the silver mean principle are represented in more detail. It is established that there is a general quantitative law determining interrelation of scaling in their Fourier spaces and spectral characteristics. It is shown that high sensitivity of aperiodic structures with the same thickness of layers to small changes of refraction indices and the angle of radiation incidence can be of practically using.     

波导耦合纳米光栅结构的光学滤波和角分辨调谐特性

利用干涉光刻技术制备了波导耦合纳米光栅结构,系统研究了其波导共振模式的角分辨调谐特性及其对光栅参数、入射光偏振特性的依赖关系,并作了相应的理论模拟.特别研究了光栅周期和厚度对波导共振模式角分辨调谐速率的影响.实验结果对于器件进一步应用于滤波、生物传感技术具有重要的指导意义. 关键词： 波导耦合光栅 干涉光刻 角分辨 调谐速率     

Antireflective properties of porous Si nanocolumnar structures with graded refractive index layers

We report on the antireflective characteristics of porous silicon (Si) nanocolumnar structures consisting of graded refractive index layers and carry out a rigorous coupled-wave analysis simulation. The refractive index of Si is gradually modified by a tilted angle electron beam evaporation method. For the fabricated Si nanostructure with a Gaussian index profile of 100 nm, reflectivity (R) of less than 7.5% is obtained with an average value of approximately 2.9% at the wavelength region of 400-800 nm. The experimental results are reasonably consistent with the simulated results for the design of antireflective Si nanostructures.     

Effective optical constants and effective optical properties of ultrathin trilayer structures

This work presents an extension of the characteristic effective medium approximation (CEMA) to ultrathin trilayer systems. The extension has been carried out analytically and is supported by corresponding calculations of the effective optical constants of Cu-Au-Cu and Ag-SiO-Ag trilayer systems using the CEMA approximation. This work is in essence a generalization of the characteristic effective medium approximation introduced earlier for ultrathin bilayer structures. This method is used to derive the effective optical constants of a trilayer system, consisting of three thin layers with each constituent layer of thickness much less than the wavelength of the incident radiation. Within this regime a trilayer system is viewed as one effective layer referred to as an effective stack (ES) with well defined effective optical constants, which can be used to calculate the optical properties of the trilayer stack within a specified wavelength range. The CEMA based calculations of the effective optical constants are applied to two trilayer systems with a total of five stacks. Three are Cu-Au-Cu and two are Ag-SiO-Ag stacks. The thicknesses of the parent layers in the Cu-Au-Cu stack range from 3 to 30 nm for Cu and 4 to 40 nm for Au; in the Ag-SiO-Ag stack the constituent layers are 6 nm for Ag, but range from 5 to 10 nm for SiO. This study is for normal or near normal incidence spectroscopy in a wavelength range that extends from visible to near infrared. The agreement between CEMA based ES stack results and those of the standard CMT technique is very satisfactory.     

Optical properties of nano-multi-layered quantum dot: oscillator strength, absorption coefficient and refractive index

In this paper, the exact solution of Schrödinger equation for multi-layered quantum dot (MLQD) within the effective mass approximation and dielectric continuum model is obtained with finite and infinite confining potential (CP). The MLQD is a nano-structured semiconductor system that consists of a spherical core (GaAs) and a coated spherical shell (Ga $_{1-x}$ Al $_{x}$ As) as the whole dot is embedded inside a bulk material (Ga $_{1-y}$ Al $_{y}$ As). Using the obtained energies, wave functions and taking advantage of numeric calculations, the oscillator strength, refractive index and absorbtion coefficient change associated with intersubband electronic transition from the ground state to the first allowed excited state are investigated for different CPs (both finite and infinite) and shell thicknesses. The results show that all values of ground state energy for large core dot radius approach the same value (the energy of bulk material) independent of CPs and shell thicknesses. Also it is shown that the optical properties are strongly affected by the changes in CPs and shell thicknesses.     

Optical characteristics of a multilayer photovoltaic cell for oblique incidence of light

Taking into account the contributions of interference and incoherent multiple reflections of light in the substrate, we have determined the distribution of the absorbed energy density Q in layers of a multilayer photovoltaic cell in the general case of oblique incidence of light on the cell. The relations obtained are expressed in terms of the Fresnel reflection and transmission coefficients for interfaces between media, which for oblique incidence are different for s and p polarization of the incident light. The energy absorbed by an active layer of the cell varies very slightly with the angle of incidence if the maximum in the Q distribution is located at a heterojunction. We carried out a numerical analysis for a five-layer cell based on a copper phthalocyanine-fullerene heterojunction. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 74, No. 6, pp. 795–800, November–December, 2007.     

Optical properties of structures composed of periodic,quasi-periodic,and aperiodic sequences of particulate monolayers

The spectra of the coherent transmission and reflection coefficients of multilayers consisting of the periodic, Fibonacci (quasi-periodic), and Thue–Morse (aperiodic) sequences of plane-parallel monolayers of monodisperse spherical alumina and silica particles are investigated using the quasi-crystalline approximation (QCA) and the transfer matrix method (TMM). The additional opportunities for the transmission and reflection spectra manipulation in comparison with the periodic sequence of monolayers are demonstrated. Photonic band gaps in the spectra of the particulate structures are shifted to the short-wavelength range in comparison with those for systems of homogeneous layers. The shift is larger for the Thue–Morse sequence. The widths of the photonic band gaps for particulate systems are narrower than the ones for multilayers consisting of homogeneous layers of an equivalent volume of matter. The results can be used to create optical, optoelectronics, and photonics devices—for example, multispectral filters, light emitting diodes, solar cells, displays.     

有限口径非周期亚波长衍射聚焦偏转器的严格矢量优化

有限口径非周期亚波长衍射光学器件的亚波长结构特性使得传统标量衍射理论失效,必须借助严格电磁理论进行器件的设计。提出一种循环平面波谱算法(IterativePlaneWaveSpectrumAlgorithm,IPWSA)作为器件优化算法,利用二维时域有限差分方法作为严格电磁计算模式,根据Farn方法对器件面型进行亚波长处理,设计出有限口径非周期具有亚波长结构的衍射聚焦偏转器件,偏转角为24.8°,该器件可与激光器集成构成微型集成光学系统,也可以用在红外量子阱系统中。详细分析了算法原理,设计实例验证了算法的优化效果。     

Optical properties of sliced multilayer gratings

Fabrication, calculation and optical properties of gratings fabricated by bevel cutting multilayer structures are discussed. Such gratings have very short period (about 100 nm) and provide high angular dispersion as compared to ruled, holographic or multilayer coated gratings without reduction of diffraction efficiency. Using graded multilayers it is possible to produce sliced multilayer gratings (SMG) with graded period (GSMG), which can focus radiation in one direction. Examples of SMG for various wavelengths in the interval 2–20 nm are considered.     

Band structures and localization properties of aperiodic layered phononic crystals

The band structures and localization properties of in-plane elastic waves with coupling of longitudinal and transverse modes oblique propagating in aperiodic phononic crystals based on Thue-Morse and Rudin-Shapiro sequences are studied. Using transfer matrix method, the concept of the localization factor is introduced and the correctness is testified through the Rytov dispersion relation. For comparison, the perfect periodic structure and the quasi-periodic Fibonacci system are also considered. In addition, the influences of the random disorder, local resonance, translational and/or mirror symmetries on the band structures of the aperiodic phononic crystals are analyzed in this paper.     

Large refractive index with vanishing absorption in optical fibers

We propose and demonstrate a novel scheme for realizing large refractive index with vanishing absorption in a three-level quantum system consisting of the energy levels of Er³⁺-doped ZrF₄–BaF₂–LaF₃–AlF₃–NaF (ZBLAN) optical fiber. It is found that the refractive index of the probe field can be controlled via the coherent coupling field and incoherent pumping field. The switching from negative refractive index to positive refractive index and manipulation of the value of the index of refraction while maintaining vanishing absorption of the probe field can be achieved via tuning the detuning of the coherent coupling field. Our scheme may provide some new possibility for technological applications in fiber communication.     

Negative refractive index in a four-level atomic system

A closed four-level system in atomic vapour is proposed, which is made to possess left handedness by using the technique of quantum coherence. The density matrix method is utilized in view of the rotating-wave approximation and the effect of a local field in dense gas. The numerical simulation result shows that the negative permittivity and the negative permeability of the medium can be achieved simultaneously (i.e. the left handedness) in a wider frequency band under appropriate parameter conditions. Furthermore, when analysing the dispersion property of the left-handed material, we can find that the probe beam propagation can be controlled from superluminal to subluminal, or vice versa via changing the detuning of the probe field.     

具有温度自校准功能的光纤折射率传感器

提出一种具有温度自校准功能的光纤折射率（RI）传感器,传感头结构由2段很短的多模光纤（MMF）之间夹熔一段对折射率不敏感的光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）构成,传感头总长度为14 mm,FBG可以为折射率测量提供良好的温度校准功能。实验结果证明,该传感器的折射率灵敏度为126 nm。其干涉光谱共振波长的温度灵敏度为35.09 pm/℃,用于温度校准的FBG的温度灵敏度为11.14 pm/℃。相比于普通的折射率传感器,这种具有温度自校准功能的折射率传感器具有良好的实用前景。     

准相干干涉法测量光纤群折射率

介绍了用准相干干涉法测量光纤群折射率的方法。通过准相干干涉定位 ,用精密光栅数显系统测长 ,由计算机采集并处理数据获得一段短光纤的光学长度 ,然后利用常规精密测长手段测得其几何长度 ,从而得到光纤的群折射率。实验结果及误差分析得出 :测量不确定度优于 7× 10 -5(2σ)。     

温度对气体折射率的非线性影响

对测量群折射率的迈克耳孙白光干涉技术进行了改进,采用光栅线位移传感器提高反射扫描镜的位移精度. 实验确定了空气折射率对温度的非线性曲线拟合方程,其拟合因子的精度达到10-5℃-1.     

Optical control of the refractive index of a single atom

We experimentally demonstrate the elementary case of electromagnetically induced transparency with a single atom inside an optical cavity probed by a weak field. We observe the modification of the dispersive and absorptive properties of the atom by changing the frequency of a control light field. Moreover, a strong cooling effect has been observed at two-photon resonance, increasing the storage time of our atoms twenty-fold to about 16 seconds. Our result points towards all-optical switching with single photons.     

有机量子阱的光学性质

采用多源有机分子气相沉积系统(OMBD)制备了Alq₃，PBD/Alq₃，PBD/Alq₃/PBD单层、双层以及量子阱结构，利用电化学循环伏安法和吸收光谱、荧光光谱研究了量子阱的类型和样品的光致发光特性.电化学循环伏安法和吸收光谱的测量结果表明，PBD/Alq₃有机量子阱为Ⅰ型量子阱结构.荧光光谱的研究结果表明，单层Alq₃的光致发光峰不随Alq₃厚度变化而变化；但是双层PBD/Alq₃结构光致发光峰随Alq₃厚度的减小而发生蓝移；同样对于PBD/Alq₃/PBD量子阱结构光致发光峰随Alq₃厚度的减小而发生蓝移.对引起光谱蓝移的原因进行了讨论. 关键词： 有机量子阱 光谱蓝移     

基于梯度折射率透镜的关节镜光学系统设计

关节镜是一种用于观察关节内部结构、诊治关节疾患的内窥镜。利用梯度折射率透镜质量轻、体积小、像质好的优点,运用Zemax软件设计了一款结构简单的关节镜光学系统,可用于1/10＂CCD关节内窥镜成像。系统具有60视场角,F数为6, 工作距离从～5 mm,各视场的调制传递函数(MTF)在125 lp/mm时达到0.2以上,分辨率达到4 m,且各组态点列图均小于艾里斑半径。光学结构总长204 mm,最大镜头口径小于4.6 mm,根据关节镜的使用特点,系统满足使用要求。     

薄透明体厚度及折射率的测量

介绍了测量薄透明体厚度及折射率的一种方法.