可逆式再生氢氧燃料电池初步研究

再生氢氧燃料电池（ＲＦＣ）是一种将水电解技术与氢氧燃料电池技术相结合的可充放电池，使２Ｈ２＋Ｏ２→２Ｈ２Ｏ＋电能与其逆过程得以循环进行，换言之，氢氧燃料电池的燃料氢气和氧化剂氧气可通过水电解技术得以“再生”，起到蓄能作用．ＲＦＣ主要用于航天领域，与目...     

MVS法制备的PdZn／C燃料电池电极的性质

ＭＶＳ法制备的ＰｄＺｎ／Ｃ燃料电池电极的性质吴世华黄唯平朱常英阿力塔（南开大学化学系天津３０００７１）（内蒙古民族师范学院化学系通辽０２８０４３）碱性燃料电池（ＡＦＣ），作为一种清洁、有效、高能的电源，受到人们高度重视。ＡＦＣ研究的核心问题之一是改进...     

最新电化学技术应用文献摘引

能量的储存与转换燃料电池———２１世纪动力系统ＫＪｏｏｎ,ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＰｏｗｅｒＳｏｕｒｃｅｓ７１：１－２（ＭＡＲ１５１９９８）,１２～１８中温ＳＯＦＣ———２１世纪展望ＪＰＰＨｕｉｊｓｍａｎｓ,ＦＰＦＶａｎｂｅｒｋｅｌ,ＧＭＣｈｒｉｓｔｉｅ,...     

含氨茂铁异核金属配合物合成和性质研究

Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）、Ｐｔ（Ⅱ）ＤＭＡＦ配合物已合成，并已定结构。本文采用ＭＸ２（Ｍ－Ｎｉ（Ⅱ），Ｃｏ（Ⅱ），Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）；Ｘ＝Ｃｌ，Ｂｒ，Ｉ）在ＣＨ２Ｃｌ２中和ＤＭＡＦ作用合成［ＭＸ２．２ＤＭＡＦ］型配合物。由ＮｉＣｌ２．２ＤＭＡＦ．Ｃ７Ｈ８晶胞参数推知属于对称链状四配位结构。ＩＲ谱表明，该化合物化学式为ＭＸ２．２ＤＭＡＦ。ＣＶ表明配合物中Ｍ（Ⅱ）和Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）存在。由于金属离子互相影响。Ｅｐ／２     

活泼配盐[(μ-RE)(μ-E′)Fe_2(CO)_6][Et_3NH][E,E′=S,Se]的亲电反应研究——蝶状Fe_2SSe及Fe_2Se_2簇合物的合成及表征

本文由［（μｔＢｕＳ）（μＣＯ）Ｆｅ２（ＣＯ）６］［Ｅｔ３ＮＨ］和硒粉形成的［（μｔＢｕＳ）（μＳｅ）Ｆｅ２（ＣＯ）６］［Ｅｔ３ＮＨ］，分别与溴化苄，二碘甲烷及邻一、间一、对一双（溴甲基）苯反应，合成了蝶状Ｆｅ２ＳＳｅ单簇物（μｔＢｕＳ）（μＰｈＣＨ２Ｓｅ）Ｆｅ２（ＣＯ）６（３ａ）和双簇物［（μｔＢｕＳ）Ｆｅ２（ＣＯ）６］２（μＳｅＺＳｅμ）［Ｚ＝ＣＨ２，ｏ．ｍ．ｐ双（亚甲基）苯］（４ａｄ）。类似地，由［（μＰｈＳｅ）（μＣＯ）Ｆｅ２（ＣＯ）６］［Ｅｔ３ＮＨ］和硫粉或硒粉所形成的［（μＰｈＳｅ）（μＳ）Ｆｅ２（ＣＯ）６］［Ｅｔ３ＮＨ］或［（μＰｈＳｅ）（μＳｅ）Ｆｅ２（ＣＯ）６］［Ｅｔ３ＮＨ］分别与对一双（溴甲基）苯反应合成了蝶状Ｆｅ２ＳＳｅ和Ｆｅ２Ｓｅ２双簇物［（μＰｈＳｅ）Ｆｅ２（ＣＯ）６］２［μＳ（ｐＣＨ２Ｃ６Ｈ４ＣＨ２）Ｓμ］（５ａ）及［（μＰｈＳｅ）Ｆｅ２（ＣＯ）６］２［μＳｅ（ＰＣＨ２Ｃ６Ｈ４ＣＨ２）Ｓｅμ］（５ｂ）。所有产物均经元素分析、ＩＲ和１ＨＮＭＲ表征。     

含氮茂铁异核金属配合物的合成和性质研究

Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）、Ｐｔ（Ⅱ）ＤＭＡＦ配合物已合成，并已定结构［１］．本文采用ＭＸ２（Ｍ＝Ｎｉ（Ⅱ），Ｃｏ（Ⅱ），Ｚｎ（Ⅱ），Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）；Ｘ＝Ｃｌ，Ｂｒ，Ⅰ）在ＣＨ２Ｃｌ２中和ＤＭＡＦ作用合成［ＭＸ２·２ＤＭＡＦ］型配合物．由ＮｉＣｌ２·２ＤＭＡＦ·Ｃ７Ｈ８晶胞参数推知属于对称链状四配位结构．ＩＲ谱表明，该化合物化学式为ＭＸ２·２ＤＭＡＦ．ＣＶ表明配合物中Ｍ（Ⅱ）和Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）存在．由于金属离子互相影响，Ｅｐ／２随Ｍ（Ⅱ）性质呈规律性变化．     

（四甲基二硅撑）双（3—三甲硅基环戊二烯基）—四羰基二铁…

标题化合物（Ｍｅ２ＳｉＳｉＭｅ２）〔η＾５－（３－Ｍｅ３ＳｉＣ５Ｈ３）Ｆｅ（ＣＯ）２〕２／（μ－ＣＯ）２（Ａ）分子中的Ｆｅ－Ｆｅ键被钠汞齐还原断裂，生成相应的双铁负离子，分别与ＭｅＣＯＣｌ、ＰｈＣＯＣｌ、ＰｈＣＨ２Ｃｌ、ＣｌＣＨ２ＣＯＯＣ２Ｈ５和Ｐｈ３ＳｎＣｌ进行亲核取代反应，生成在铁原子上引入相应取代基的产物（Ｍｅ２ＳｉＳｉＭｅ２）〔η＾５－（３－Ｍｅ３ＳｉＣ５Ｈ３）Ｆｅ（ＣＯ）２Ｒ〕２（Ｒ：Ｍ     

高性能质子交换膜燃料电池

用全氟碘酸质子交换膜作为质子交换膜燃料电池（ＰＥＭＦＣ）电解质,简化了水和电解质的管理。本文研究了该燃料电池质子交换膜厚度对电池性能影响;性能最佳的Ｎａｆｉｏｎ１１２膜和低铂载量Ｅ－ＴＥＫ电极组装的ＰＥＭＦＣ,在输出功率高达０．９５Ｗ／ｃｍ＾２;同时考察了电池的能量转换效率、Ｅ－ＴＥＫ电极中铂电催化剂利用率和电池的稳定性。     

关于二氟乙炔的异构化反应的量子化学研究

用ａｂ ｉｎｉｔｉｏｎ方法讨论了Ｆ２Ｃ２的异构化反应机理，用ＨＦ／６－３１Ｇ和ＭＰ２／６－３１Ｇ优化Ｆ２ＣＣ和二氟乙炔（ＦＣ＝ＣＦ）的几何构型，并得到反庆Ｆ２ＣＣ＿ＦＣＣＦ的过渡态（ＦＣ（Ｆ）Ｃ）。文中用内禀反应坐方法做反应路径解析，二氟乙炔是二氟丙二烯酮分解反应的产物，用从头算方法优化二氟丙二烯酮并在Ｍｕｌｌｉｋｅｎ集居分析中，发现Ｆ２Ｃ＝Ｃ＝Ｃ＝Ｏ在分解反庆中先产生中间产Ｆ２ＣＣ，之后经过过渡     

Cu2I2(PPh3)3.DMF的合成和晶体结构

Ｃｕ２Ｉ２（ＰＰｈ３）３·ＭＤＦ（Ｐｈ＝Ｃ６Ｈ５,ＤＭＦ＝ＨＣＯＮ（ＣＨ３）２是通过Ｗ２Ｓ４（Ｓ２ＣＮ－（ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＨ）２）２,ＰＰｈ３和ＣｕＩ在ＣＨ２Ｃｌ２和ＤＭＦ为溶剂,在室温条件下合成的晶体产物。其窨群为Ｐ２１／Ｃ,晶胞参数：Ｃ５７Ｈ５２Ｃｕ２Ｉ２ＮＯＰ３,α＝１５．８６３（５）,ｂ＝１９．６１９（７）,ｃ＝１８．２３２（４）,Ａ,β＝１０９．５３（２）°,Ｖ＝５３４８（３）Ａ＾３,Ｚ＝     

高温质子交换膜燃料电池的研究进展(英文)

Due to the need for clean energy, the development of an efficient fuel cell technology for electricity generation has received considerable attention. Much of the current research efforts have investi-gated the materials for and process development of fuel cells, including the optimization and simpli-fication of the fuel cell components, and the modeling of the fuel cell systems to reduce their cost and improve their performance, durability and reliability to enable them to compete with the con-ventional combustion engine. A high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell(HT-PEMFC) is an interesting alternative to conventional PEMFCs as it is able to mitigate CO poisoning and water management problems. Although the HT-PEMFC has many attractive features, it also possesses many limitations and presents several challenges to its widespread commercialization. In this re-view, the trends of HT-PEMFC research and development with respect to electrochemistry, mem-brane, modeling, fuel options, and system design were presented.     

A review of the development of high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Due to the need for clean energy, the development of an efficient fuel cell technology for electricity generation has received considerable attention. Much of the current research efforts have investi‐gated the materials for and process development of fuel cells, including the optimization and simpli‐fication of the fuel cell components, and the modeling of the fuel cell systems to reduce their cost and improve their performance, durability and reliability to enable them to compete with the con‐ventional combustion engine. A high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT‐PEMFC) is an interesting alternative to conventional PEMFCs as it is able to mitigate CO poisoning and water management problems. Although the HT‐PEMFC has many attractive features, it also possesses many limitations and presents several challenges to its widespread commercialization. In this re‐view, the trends of HT‐PEMFC research and development with respect to electrochemistry, mem‐brane, modeling, fuel options, and system design were presented.     

From Chemical Processes to Electrochemical Processes: The Key to Minimal Entropy Production

Exothermic chemical reactions exploited in the chemical industry today represent opportunities for the development of fuel cell like devices that can perform these reactions electrochemically. Thereby, the excessive generation of waste heat is avoided and electric power is produced. Moreover, the reactions that exhibit a positive entropy change (S > 0) when performed electrochemically may enable the direct conversion of heat into power to compensate for S. The rapid development of fuel cell technology appears to be an ideal precursor for such new developments. On the other hand, interest form the chemical industry for the development of fuel cell technology can boost the market penetration of conventional fuel cells. In some cases, conventional fuel cell types like the MCFC and the SOFC may be used without change, in other cases maybe only the anode or cathode catalyst materials have to be modified or replaced. New, dedicated electrochemical reactors may be developed. Because of the different reactions, reactants, and products, a new research area for the design of new electrocatalyst lies ahead.     

燃料电池反应器在化学品与电能共生中应用

燃料电池作为能源转换装置能够高效地将化学能转化为电能,随着技术的发展人们将其作为反应器来完成高附加值的化学品的合成,同时产生一定的电能. 燃料电池反应器因具有反应条件温和、反应过程可控、产物选择性高、能源利用效率高等特点,而被广泛地应用于医药中间体的制备、气体分离、水处理等多个领域. 本文首先按照反应器中阴阳极区域发生反应的类型进行分类,介绍燃料电池反应器在化学品与电能联产中的研究现状和研究进展. 随后描述了燃料电池反应器中存在的问题,并依照催化剂、反应过程等方向对解决方案进行探讨. 最后,对几种新型燃料电池反应器的研究进行了简要的介绍并对其发展做出了展望.     

车用燃料电池现状与电催化

本文综述了近年来车用燃料电池电催化的发展状况,分析了车用燃料电池电催化的发展趋势,重点介绍了大连化学物理研究所在燃料电池电催化方面的研究进展．指出车用燃料电池电催化的发展方向是提高现有铂基催化剂的活性,在保证车用燃料电池在变载等动态工况下的可靠性与寿命的前提下,应降低膜电极的贵金属铂用量,发展低铂／非铂电催化剂．针对车用燃料电池的使用条件,应发展抗燃料气与空气中杂质的电催化方法与抗腐蚀催化剂载体．从长远考虑,重点发展碱性聚合物膜燃料电池,拓展利于活化顺磁性氧的催化方法,有望摆脱车用燃料电池对铂催化剂的依赖．     

PEMFC催化剂的研究：自制Pt/C电催化剂的性质

研究了一种用于质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的自制Pt/C电催化剂(标记为THYT-1)的物理化学和电化学性质.将THYT-1电催化剂与E-TEK公司的同类电催化剂的组成、形态及电催化性能进行了比较.单电池测试结果显示, THYT-1的电催化性能优于E-TEK电催化剂. CV测试结果表明CO在这两种电催化剂上的电氧化性能相近；TEM分析表明两种催化剂上Pt晶粒在炭载体上呈均匀分布，平均粒径均为2～3 nm； XPS和XRD测试结果表明两种催化剂中Pt主要以金属态存在.这些数据表明THYT-1催化剂的物理化学性质与E-TEK公司的相类似.     

固体氧化物燃料电池最新发展动态——第五届固体氧化物燃料电池国际会议内容介绍

固体氧化物燃料电池（ＳＯＦＣ）是八十年代迅速发展起来的新型绿色发电技术,以其能量转化效率高,环境友好,燃料适应性强和寿命长等显著优点,引起许多发达国家的重视．根据１９９７年６月在德国亚琛市举行的第五届固体氧化物燃料电池国际会议交流情况和多年来对ＳＯＦＣ的了解,本文对管式、平板式以及其它新型结构的ＳＯＦＣ电池的最新发展动态作以全面的描述．同时对近两年来ＹＳＺ薄膜型和新型固体电解质中温电池的发展热点也作了全面的介绍     

Proton Conduction in Metal–Organic Frameworks and Related Modularly Built Porous Solids

Proton‐conducting materials are an important component of fuel cells. Development of new types of proton‐conducting materials is one of the most important issues in fuel‐cell technology. Herein, we present newly developed proton‐conducting materials, modularly built porous solids, including coordination polymers (CPs) or metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The designable and tunable nature of the porous materials allows for fast development in this research field. Design and synthesis of the new types of proton‐conducting materials and their unique proton‐conduction properties are discussed.     

燃油脱硫技术研究进展

综述了燃油脱硫技术的研究进展.介绍了燃油中硫含量的现状和国内外标准,重点阐述了脱硫工艺的开发和应用情况,列举了加氢脱硫、氧化脱硫、吸附脱硫等主要脱硫工艺的研究现状;并就燃油脱硫工艺技术的发展提出了建议.     

核化学与放射化学的研究进展

在我国核能快速发展的新形势下,新型核能资源的开发、乏燃料后处理、放射性废物处理与处置等核燃料循环化学研究日益活跃。随着科学技术的不断发展,离子加速器、反应堆、各种类型的探测器和分析设备、以及计算机技术等的发展,核化学与放射化学研究的范围和成果在不断扩展和增加,如核安全、环境放射化学、放射分析化学、放射性药物与标记化合物等,研究成果对于国防建设、核能发展、核技术应用等方面具有重要支撑作用。本文综述了近年来国内在上述领域所取得的研究进展。共引用参考文献161篇。