尿毒症患者血清及正常人尿液内中分子物质的分离分析

采用凝胶色谱法，以２０６ｎｍ处的紫外吸收为检测手段，分别从尿毒症患者血 清及正常人尿液内分离出Ａ，Ｂ两个中分子峰，而从正常人血清中分离出来的Ａ峰远低 于尿毒症患者血清的Ａ峰；在Ｂ峰的位置正常人血清未出现明显的吸收．运用该方法 不仅提高了凝胶色谱的分离效果，且能方便地得到中分子级分的纯品．对清除了淋洗 液组分的中分子级分进行紫外和红外扫描，结果发现来源于尿毒症患者血清及正常人 尿液的Ａ峰物质具有相同的紫外吸收且红外吸收光谱极其相似，而不同来源的Ｂ峰物 质虽然紫外吸收相同，但它们的红外吸收却存在一定的差异．采用离子交换色谱法对Ｂ 峰物质进行进一步的分离，以２３０ｎｍ处的紫外吸收为检测手段，正常人尿液的Ｂ峰物 质被分离成１７个亚峰，尿毒症血清的Ｂ峰物质被分离成１３个亚峰．其中绝大部分亚峰 的出峰位置（洗脱体积）相同．     

尿毒症中分子毒物的分离及飞行时间质谱分析

尿毒症被认为是因为患者肾衰而毒素在体内滞留所致^[1]。1972年Babb等^[2]提出“中分子假说”,认为分子量在300－2000范围内的中等分子量的物质是尿毒症的主要毒性物质。从此,人们作了大量的努力去分离和鉴定尿毒症中分子毒物。然而尿毒症中分子毒物的成分极其复杂^[3],从设定的中分子组分中分离得到的大都是些分子量小于800的小分子物质^[4]。因而对中分子假说一直存在争议^[5].我们对尿毒症患者及正常人的血清和尿液进行凝胶色谱分离,从尿毒症血清和尿液及正常人尿液中得到两个中分子峰A,B。将不同来源的A峰中的分子毒物进行离子交换色谱的分离和比较,得到了仅存在于尿毒症血清和正常人尿液的A－3亚峰,经脱盐和飞行时间质谱分析,确定了该组分内含有分子分别为839．69,1007．94,2015．16,16,873．69,1106．67和1680．28的6种化合物。     

中分子物质与血液净化

本文介绍了中分子物质假说及其理论的发展,揭示了中分子物质与疾病的关系,并提示了血液净化疗法在临床应用的实际价值。     

尿毒症中分子毒物的分离鉴定

自从1972年Babb等提出中分子假说以来,人们做了很多努力去分离鉴定尿毒症中分子毒性物质．Chu等通过凝胶色谱和离子交换色谱发现来自尿毒症患者血清和正常人尿液的A-3亚峰物质均含有6种成分,分子量分别为839．69,873．69,1007．94,1106．67,1680．28和2015．16．该组分在病人尿液中明显缺失,说明A-3亚峰物质可能是正常人通过尿液排出,肾衰病人难以通过尿液排出,导致在体内积累的物质;     

大孔树脂对中分子物质的吸附研究

本文选择芳香族氨基酸模拟中分子物质进行体外吸附实验,从南开大学高分子化学研究所合成的大孔树脂中筛选出具有较好去除中分子物质性能的树脂,对尿毒症患者血浆中分子物质的初步吸附试验结果表明,具有一定的效果。     

大孔吸附树脂对尿毒症和烧伤毒血症血浆中分子物质体外吸附的研究

研究了大孔吸附树脂对尿毒症和烧伤毒血症患者血浆中分子物质的体外吸附,用Sephadex G15柱层析法对血浆中分子物质进行吸附前、后的组分分析,并进行了血浆模拟灌流实验,观察中分子物质的清除率,初步探讨了大孔吸附树脂孔结构对中分子物质的吸附机理。     

中分子学说的提出和研究进展

本文介绍了中分子学说的提出和研究进展情况，对各种研究方法作了简要评述。     

尿毒症患者体液内中分子组分的多级色谱分离比较及质谱分析

采用凝胶色谱、离子交换色谱以及反相高效液相色谱法, 将尿毒症患者的尿样和血样以及正常人的尿样和血样进行了多级分离和比较. 通过凝胶色谱法, 从正常人的尿液以及尿毒症血清和尿液中分离出相对于正常人血清具有异常高浓度的A, B 2个中分子组分. 不同试样来源的A峰中分子物的离子交换色谱分离结果证明, A-3亚峰中分子物, 是尿毒症患者因肾衰难以通过尿液将其排除故而滞留在血清内的重要成分, 正常人却可以通过尿液将其排于体外. 将来自尿毒症血清及正常人尿液的A-3亚峰中分子物经脱盐处理后, 进行了基质辅助激光解吸电离-飞行时间质谱分析, 证明A-3组分由分子量分别为839, 873, 1007, 1106, 1680, 2015的6种化合物组成. 最后, 采用反相高压液相色谱法对A-3亚峰中分子组分进行了进一步分离, 得到了6个只含单一中分子化合物成分的组分. 至此, A-3组分内的中分子物得到了彻底的分离和纯化, 为进一步确定其结构以及病理生理作用奠定了基础.     

尿毒症患者血清微量元素变化及临床意义

用高频等离子体发射光谱法测定了３１例尿毒症患者血清锌、铜、镁、铁含量，并与５０例健康人相比较，结果显示患者血清锌、铜、铁含量下降，血清镁升高，经统计学处理均有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０１），并就其变化的原因和临床意义作了初步探讨。     

慢性肾衰患者血清中分子物质浓度变化及其对Na,K-ATP酶的抑制作用

慢性肾功能衰竭是指在各种慢性肾脏疾病的基础上,缓慢出现肾功能减退而不可逆转的肾衰竭综合症由于患者肾功能衰竭,使得一些正常人本可以排出体外的代谢产物滞留在体内,导致肌体的一系列病变,涉及到人体的肠胃、免疫、心血管、内分泌、皮肤和骨骼等各个系统．20世纪70年代以来,中分子物质在患者体内的毒性作用开始引起众多研究者的关注．然而,由于这类物质成分复杂,对其分离鉴定工作还面临着很多困难,它们与慢性肾衰患者的临床症状之间的因果关系及致病机理仍不甚明确．在前期研究中,我们采用凝胶色谱法分离尿毒症患者血清,得到两个中分子物质峰A和B,     

Synthesis and Physical Properties of Benzopyridazine-Based Conjugated Molecules

A series of novel organic conjugated molecules （5a--5d） comprising 2,3-benzopyridiazine as electron-with- drawing core and thiophene derivatives as electron-donating arms have been synthesized successfully in good yields. The ultraviolet-visible （UV-Vis） absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra of 5a--5d revealed that the optical properties are strongly influenced by the interactions between nitrogen and sulfur atoms in the conjugated backbone, as well as the position of the alkyl chains in the thiophene rings. The experimental results and theoretical calculation data clearly indicated that the band gap and the energy levels of LUMO and HOMO could be fine-tuned by the po- sition of alkyl chains in the thiophene rings. Thus, the structure-property correlation of this class of conjugated molecules can be well established.     

Entanglement of Thread Molecules and Its Influence on the Properties of Polymers

This article shows the extent to which the entanglement of threadlike molecules can influence many of the properties of deformable polymers and of solutions of macromolecular substances. Thus, the molecular concept of entanglement leads to quantitative predictions of the dependence of the entanglement number on the nature of the polymer, its concentration, and extension. Experimental values of the relaxation modulus confirm these predictions for melts and solutions. The influence of entanglemnt on relaxation and flow processes leads to very simple relationships for the magnitudes of the structural viscosity and the shear stress at which the structural viscosity starts to become measurable. Osmotic pressures, light scattering intensities, and diffusion coefficients of concentrated solutions can be derived quantitatively from the conformational constraints due to entanglement. Entanglement is effective above a concentration at which the three-dimensional coils fill the solution volume, and probably also at lower concentrations. At very high concentrations entangled structures may be formed which drastically reduce the number of possible conformations. The swelling and extension behavior of cross-linked deformable polymers can be understood only if entanglement is taken into account.     

Isolation and identification of sialylcompounds from hemofiltrate

Summary Hemofiltrate of patients with end stage renal disease is a source of sialyl compounds of unusual composition which accumulate in uremia. The large volumes involved (20–30l), are concentrated and desalted by modified reverse osmosis using membranes with a nominal cut-off of 500 D. The transport of the individual solutes during this process is monitored by reversed-phase HPLC of the permeates and retentates, respectively. By a combination of size-exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography 11 sialyl compounds are isolated preparatively. All structures have been determined using one and two dimensional NMR spectroscopy, enzymatic degradation and FAB mass spectrometry.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft     

水分子对金属有机骨架材料结构及性能的影响

金属有机骨架材料(Metal-Organic Frameworks,MOFs)是一种新型有机-无机杂化材料,其在气体的吸附分离、催化、磁学、生物医学等领域表现出诱人的应用前景。但是,在水分子存在的情况下MOFs结构及性能会受到很大的影响,极大的阻碍了其工业化进程。本文系统介绍了水分子对MOFs结构的破坏机理,并从金属和配体两方面总结了在水分子存在的情况下MOFs的稳定性问题;阐述了水分子的吸附机理以及吸附水分子后MOFs性能的变化;并且对水分子影响问题的研究趋势做了展望,以期为今后的研究提供参考。     

水分子对金属有机骨架材料结构及性能的影响

金属有机骨架材料(Metal-Organic Frameworks, MOFs)是一种新型有机-无机杂化材料,其在气体的吸附分离、催化、磁学、生物医学等领域表现出诱人的应用前景.但是,在水分子存在的情况下MOFs结构及性能会受到很大的影响,极大的阻碍了其工业化进程.本文系统介绍了水分子对MOFs结构的破坏机理,并从金属和配体两方面总结了在水分子存在的情况下MOFs的稳定性问题;阐述了水分子的吸附机理以及吸附水分子后MOFs性能的变化;并且对水分子影响问题的研究趋势做了展望,以期为今后的研究提供参考.     

Catalytic and DNA-Hydrolyzing Activities of Purified Immunoglobulins IgG from Patients Sera with Autoimmune Disease by Pseudobiospecific Chromatography Using Histidyl-Aminohexyl-Sepharose

Catalytic autoimmune antibodies from patients with antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies were purified using histidyl-aminohexyl-sepharose gel. The sera were loaded on the columns equilibrated with 25 mM MOPS buffer pH 7.4 and the absorbed proteins were eluted by adding 0.2 M NaCl in the equilibrating buffer. Antibodies purity was evaluated by SDS-PAGE. The purified immunoglobulins G from patients with (aPL) sera by histidyl-aminohexyl-sepharose show DNA-degrading activity of the plasmid pUC19 DNA and catalytic activity in hydrolyzing the peptide substrate Pro-Phe-Arg-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin.