水的热膨胀的特点演示的探讨

初中物理:“水的热膨胀的特点”的演示在我数年的教学中一直没有做过,这主要是因为:当堂演示太费时间又和讲课配合不好,如让学生等着看实验结果,则大部同学感到索然无味,如不等结果而先讲其他内容,则又打乱了课堂的系统性。加以有些学校根本没有水的最大密度演示器,因之过去讲这一节时,往往只用挂图一讲了事。但后来在物理通报上看到一些老师对这个演示采取了各种不同的方法,从而取得了较好的成绩。为了提高教学质量,我把通报上前后所介绍的几种方法都做了几遍,从不断变换着的操作中给了我新的启示,我又用了     

核物质的物态方程的研究

在相对论σ–ω模型的单圈图近似下,详细推导了核物质的能量密度和压强密度表达式,数值计算了核物质的结合能和压强随核密度的变化,并分别在热力学和流体力学的理论框架下,计算了核物质的压强密度,结果表明这两种方法得到的压强密度相同.     

氧的超导性的发现

氧是生物体和生命过程中的一种重要化学元素,也是大气的重要组成部分．氧的化学式为Ｏ２．从较早的科学研究中已经知道［１］,氧具有很强的顺磁性,随着温度的降低,不但氧的顺磁性增强,而且在一定的低温度下会从气态氧转变为液态氧,在一定的低温和压力条件下,还会从...     

气体的压强与体积的关系的实验设计

气体的压强与体积的关系的实验设计陈银潭（江苏兴化市合塔中学２２５７４２）实验目的探索气体的压强与体积的关系．方法一实验器材５０ｍｌ玻璃注射器一只，彩色橡皮膜一块（或小气球）．器材装置（图１）图１实验步骤ｈ用橡皮膜做成直径约Ｚｅｍ的小气球，扎紧口后放人...     

水的表面张力的演示

1.仪器装置取直径为0.5毫米的铜丝做成一个直径为8厘米的圆环,环的直径两端接两根铜丝,铜丝的另一端拧在一起插入软木塞里。再取一只底部尖一点的试管,并且准备一些沙粒和一只盛水缸。 2.操作首先在试管里放些沙粒,用带有     

光的衍射的应用

光波也正如其他类型的波动(例如声波)一样,在其自由传播过程中,当受到某种形式的障碍物的阻挡或限制,都将产生与自由传播方向相偏离的传播現象。这种現象通常借呈现出的一套明暗相间的花样而被我們发觉到。这种現象通常被称作“衍射”。     

力的分解的演示

在高中力学部份讲到力的分解时,学生是很不容易体会出分力的方向。为了使学生能直接而明显的观察分力的方向,我装置了一个演示高一课本(1956年版)第68图的塔式起重机底悬梁和钢索上的分力的一个实验。整个装置如图1,M是一片从蓝球胆上剪下来的胶皮,用按钉固定在竖板上,K处挖一缺口,也用按钉     

气体的压强跟体积的关系的演示

初中物理学上册第三章第35节大气压的一个实验是:水由喷嘴向压强较低的玻璃管中喷入(见原书图55)。这个实验如果没有抽气机,就很难做。我     

铝的激发光谱的测量

用１２０ｋｅＶ的Ａｌ＋离子与１０μｇ／ｃｍ２的碳箔相互作用，研究ＡｌⅠ、ＡｌⅡ和ＡｌⅢ的激发光谱，其结果与其它实验进行了比较。     

光的干涉的应用

在科学和技术領域中,人們不断地利用着光的干涉原理解决了許多复杂的实际問題。例如在技术中对于光学表面磨光的检驗,光学部件质量的精密检定,长度微小改变的精密測定(干涉膨胀仪),增透光薄膜的制作,干涉滤光片的制作,軸承滾珠的分类和检驗等等。此外,对于光譜譜线精細結构的研究,物貭折射率的精密测定等也都逐渐轉入利用光的干涉方法来进行。由于光的干涉的应用是如此之广,因而对光干涉应用的各个方面作一全盘介紹显然是很难作到的,故仅就几个重要应用方面作一初步介紹。一、利用光的干涉检定螺旋測微器(千分尺) 在測微器的待量度的平面之間夹入一已知其厚度     

NSCL从ECR离子源向CCF注入的离子束流动力学研究

The Coupled Cyclotron Facility (CCF) has been operating at the NSCL since 2001,providing up to 160MeV/u heavy ion beams for nuclear physics experiments.Recent steps,particularly the improvement of the ECR-to-K500 injection line,were taken to improve the CCF performance.For that purpose an off-line ECR source,ARTEMIS-B,was built and used to investigate the impact on beam brightness under various source operating conditions,different initial focusing systems and current analysis dipole.Beam dynamics simulations including space-charge and 3D electrostatic field effects were performed and beam diagnostics including emittance scanner were used,leading to a better understanding of the CCF beam injection process. New initial electrostatic focusing elements such as a large-bore quadrupole triplet and a quadrupole double- doublet with compensating octupole were tested,and a new beam tuning procedure was established to improve the beam brightness for the CCF.Following these efforts,a significant increase of primary beam power out of the CCF has been achieved.     

Design of the low energy beam transport line for the China spallation neutron source

The design of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) low-energy beam transport (LEBT) line, which locates between the ion source and the radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ), has been completed with the TRACE3D code. The design aims at perfect matching, primary chopping, a small emittance growth and sufficient space for beam diagnostics. The line consists of three solenoids, three vacuum chambers, two steering magnets and a pre-chopper. The total length of LEBT is about 1.74 m. This LEBT is designed to transfer 20 mA of H-pulsed beam from the ion source to the RFQ. An induction cavity is adopted as the pre-chopper.The electrostatic octupole steerer is discussed as a candidate. A four-quadrant aperture for beam scraping and beam position monitoring is designed.     

NSCL/MSU ECR离子源项目进展报告

Since the last ECR Workshop,NSCL/MSU has been involved in a vigorous ECR ion source R&D program,which resulted in the construction of an off-line test ECR ion source(ARTEMIS-B)for new beam development and ion optics studies.Also the design and partial completion of a 3rd generation,fully superconducting ECR ion source,SuSI has been accomplished.This paper is an overview of the construction projects and the different R&D activities performed with the existing ion sources.These activities include development of metallic ion beam production methods using evaporation with resistive and inductive ovens and sputtering of very refractory metals.Ion optics developments include testing different focusing elements(magnetic solenoid lens,electrostatic quadrupole triplet lens,Einzel lens,electrostatic double doublet quadrupole combined with an octupole lens),and different beam forming and diagnostics devices.The detailed results will be presented at the workshop in separate talks and posters.     

粒子束团状态对测量束流发射度及能量的影响

为了验证国产质子注入器的参数是否满足需求,注入器团队设计了束流测量系统用于测量国产质子直线注入器束流的流强、发射度、能量以及能散等关键指标。此测量系统包含了采用变聚焦法测量发散度、采用分析磁铁测量束流能量和能散的主要功能。利用束流输运线设计软件Tracewin(版本2.11.4.1)进行了系统束线的物理设计,对束测系统测量质子束流的发散度和能量的精度进行了模拟计算。由于经过RFQ-(APF)DTL加速后的粒子束团为“拖尾”的非理想粒子束团,需要针对非理想束团对束测系统测量发射度和能量产生的影响进行分析。通过对模拟计算结果的分析,发现相对于测量理想粒子束团的结果非理想粒子束团对束测系统测量发射度精度影响较大;非理想粒子束团对束测系统测量能量精度影响较小。     

新型电子束源—虚火花放电室设计

提出一种新型的脉冲线加速器驱动的高功率，强流密度，低发射率，高亮度电子束源－虚火花放电室的初步设计。基于空心阴极效应和虚火花放电经验公式，确定了空心阴极，多隙阴－阳极，取及工作气压范围，最后提出关于虚火花产生高亮度电子束源的总体实验方案。     

Simulation of ion beam extraction and focusing system

The characteristics of ion beam extraction and focused to a volume as small as possible were investigated with the aid of computer code SIMION 3D version 7.This has been used to evaluate the extraction characteristics(accel-decel system)to generate an ion beam with low beam emittance and high brightness.The simulation process can provide a good study for optimizing the extraction and focusing system of the ion beam without any losses and transported to the required target.Also,a study of a simulation model for the extraction system of the ion source was used to describe the possible plasma boundary curvatures during the ion extraction that may be affected by the change in an extraction potential with a constant plasma density meniscus.     

医用质子加速器注入器7 MeV漂移管直线加速器的设计

 针对质子治癌直线加速器功耗少、长度短的要求,设计了一台工作频率为324 MHz的漂移管型质子直线加速器(DTL)。该DTL把粒子从2.5 MeV加速到7 MeV,功耗为265 kW, 总长1.9 m。横向聚焦采用FODO结构,漂移管内放置永磁铁。提出一种新的束流匹配方案,在射频四极场加速器(RFQ)与DTL之间不设束运线,而是以 DTL入口处的4个单元为匹配段,把RFQ出口处相椭圆匹配到DTL周期结构入口处的相椭圆。 用PARMILA程序对该DTL进行了动力学模拟,结果表明该方案的束流发射度增长很小。     

Enhancing the accelerated beam current in the booster synchrotron by optimizing the transport line beam propagation

In this paper, we present the results of transverse beam emittance and twiss parameter measurement of an electron beam, delivered by a 20 MeV microtron which is used as a pre-injector system for a booster synchrotron in the Indus Accelerator Facility at RRCAT Indore. Based on these measured beam parameters, beam optics of a transport line was optimized and its results are also discussed in this paper. This beam transport line is used to transport the electron beam from the 20 MeV microtron to the booster synchrotron. The booster synchrotron works as a main injector for Indus-1 and Indus-2 synchrotron radiation facilities. To optimize the beam optics of a transport line for proper beam transmission through the line as well as to match the beam twiss parameters at the beam injection point of another accelerator, it is necessary to know the transverse beam emittance and twiss parameters of the beam coming from the first one. A MATLAB-based GUI program has been developed to calculate the beam emittance and twiss parameters, using quadrupole scan method. The measured parameters have been used for beam transport line optimization and twiss parameters matching at booster injection point. After this optimization, an enhancement of ～50% beam current has been observed in the booster synchrotron.     

三种高密度强流束亮度测量技术

利用已经建成的4 MeV LIA注入器,结合时间分辨测量系统研究了三种测量技术:发射度测量法、无场准直器和磁场准直器测量法。介绍了强流束亮度定义和典型方法理论分析及测量技术的物理概念,提出了用于猝发多脉冲电子束发射度测量装置的设计与调试,通过对时间分辨测量系统的分幅相机记录的光强度分布信息处理,得到电子束束斑均方根半径和发射角,分析某一时刻数据,即可得到电子束某一时刻发射度,从而获得多脉冲电子束时间分辨发射度。在4 MeV LIA注入器上对多脉冲电子束流的发射度进行测量,得到电子束归一化均方根发射度约为114 mmmrad、双脉冲456 mmmrad的归一化发射度。最后结合电子束的高斯分布初步分析并给出均方根发射度、实测发射度和边发射度的关系。     

Simulation of ion beam extraction and focusing system

The characteristics of ion beam extraction and focused to a volume as small as possible were investigated with the aid of computer code SIMION 3D version 7. This has been used to evaluate the extraction characteristics (accel-decel system) to generate an ion beam with low beam emittance and high brightness. The simulation process can provide a good study for optimizing the extraction and focusing system of the ion beam without any losses and transported to the required target. Also, a study of a simulation model for the extraction system of the ion source was used to describe the possible plasma boundary curvatures during the ion extraction that may be affected by the change in an extraction potential with a constant plasma density meniscus.