大骨节病,克山病共存区及特异病区血硒及有关生化指标的测定

测定了陕西彬县大骨节病区、克山病存区，云南牟定单纯克山病区、陕西安康“高硒”大骨节病区及四川南部低硒无病区人血硒、维生素Ｃ及磷含量。结果表明，以低硒为中心的代谢紊乱是克山病、大骨节病区人群共同具有的基本生化特征，低硒仍是两病发病的重要因素；病区人群缺硒的同时伴有维生素Ｃ的缺乏或相对缺乏；大骨节病区人群低硒较克册病区人群更加明显，两病区儿童低硒较成人更加明显。     

克山病和大骨节病患者红细胞免疫功能与血硒水平的对比研究

对潜在型克山病和大骨节病患者的红细胞免疫功能、血清红细胞免疫粘附调节因子和全血硒含量进行了检测。结果表明：克山病和大骨节病患者的红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率和全血硒含量均明显低于非病区居民，血清红细胞免疫粘附抑制率均高于非病区居民，免疫复合物花环率和血清红细胞免疫粘附促进率与非病区居民无明显差异；但两病患者上述参数之间无明显差异。提示潜在型克山病和大骨节病患者红细胞免疫功能低下，可能均与低硒状态和血清红     

大骨节病活跃严重病区和邻近非病区儿童尿硒与尿羟脯氨酸关系研究

通过测定尿硒、尿羟脯氨酸含量,研究了大骨节病活跃严重病区和邻近非病区儿童尿硒含量和尿羟脯氨酸含量的变化及其相关性.结果表明,大骨节病活跃严重病区组儿童尿硒含量和尿羟脯氨酸含量均明显低于邻近非病区组（P＜0.01）,处于病区中较低水平.两组的尿硒含量与尿羟脯氨酸含量均显著正相关（r=0.582,P＜0.01;r=0.383,P＜0.05）.这些结果提示,体硒水平是影响尿羟脯氨酸排泄量的原因之一,大骨节病活跃严重病区儿童的低硒状态,是导致其尿羟脯氨酸减少的一个重要因素.     

河南省地甲病、克山病、大骨节病病区不同人群发硒含量及全血GSH-Px活性的对比分析

测定了河南省地甲病、克山病、大骨病病区不同人群发硒含量及GSH－Px活性，并作了对比分析，结果表明，对照组人群发硒含量及GSH－Px活力显著高于地甲病、克山病及大骨节病区，病区之间无显著性差异。     

河南省地方甲病,克山病,大骨节病病区不同人群发硒含量及全…

测定了河南省地甲病，克山病，大骨病病区不同人群发硒含量及ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性，并作了对比分析，结果表明，对照组人群发硒含量及ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活力显著高于地甲病，克山病及大骨节病区，病区之间无显著性差异。     

冷应激对铜预投大鼠血清铜锌代谢、SOD活性及GSH含量的影响

为揭示应激对体内微量元素代谢的影响和机制，预先给予大鼠不同水平的铜3周后，采用冷束缚法使大鼠产生应激，测定了血清铜、锌水平及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明，高铜给予没有对清洁级大鼠生长产生明显的影响．血清铜、锌及铜锌比值变化不明显，但适量的铜给予能显著提高血清中SOD活性和GSH含量；冷应激处理后大鼠血清中Cu水平下降，Zn水平升高，同时SOD消耗降低，而GSH含量显著升高。表明冷应激可使大鼠体内铜锌代谢及SOD活性和GSH含量发生变化，适量的铜给予在应激状况下才发挥出积极的生理作用。     

硒对氟中毒大鼠尿氟及脑肾组织脂质过氧化物含量的影响

大鼠饲料分别加入２×１０－６、４×１０－６硒．饮用７．５×１０－６、１５×１０－６氟水．１个月后，随尿硒粪硒排量增加，尿氟排量也增高，以２×１０－６硒饲料排氟效果最佳．血浆中ＡＬＰ、ＧＯＴ、ＧＰＴ及ＬＤＨ等酶活性加硒组有不同程度的降低．随后两次增高氟水量重复试验，给以２×１０－６硒饲料，仍观察到尿氟排量增高．血中含硒酶谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性也有升高趋势，脑及肾中脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量明显减少，病区患者服硒后，尿氟含量亦高于对照组．实验结果提示；１）硒能促使体内氟由尿中排出；２）降低某些组织ＬＰＯ含量；３）减少体内氟含量；４）预防和改善氟中毒某些临床症状。     

山西省水土含硒量及大骨节病区的海拔分布

研究了山西省水土含硒量及大骨节病区的海拔分布。结果显示，山西省水土含硒量随着海拔的升高而降低，大骨节病区主要分布在高海拔地区，病区水土含硒含量明显低于同海拔下的水土含硒量。认为缺硒中是大骨节病的发病条件之一，本病是由于多因素复合作用所致。     

大骨节病活跃严重病区和邻近非病区儿童尿硒与尿羟脯氨酸关？…

通过测定尿硒、尿羟脯氨酸含量,研究了大骨节病活跃严重病区和邻近非病区儿童尿硒含量和尿羟脯氨酸含量的变化及其相关性。结果表明,大骨节病活跃严重病区儿童尿硒含量和尿羟脯氨酸含量均明显低于邻近非病区组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,处于病区中较低水平。两组的尿硒含量与尿羟脯氨酸含量均显著正相关（ｒ＝０．５８２,Ｐ〈０．０１,ｒ＝０．３８３,Ｐ〈０．０５）。这些结果提示,体硒水平产是影响尿羟脯氨酸排泄量的原因之一,大骨     

补充富硒小麦和富硒玉米对大鼠血硒状态影响的对比观察

给克山病病区粮喂养６周的大鼠补充富硒小麦或富硒玉米,观察了大鼠血硒和血ＣＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性的变化。结果显示,补充富硒小麦和富硒玉米均可有效地升高大鼠血浆硒、红细胞硒和红细胞ＧＳＰ－Ｐｘ活性,且两种形式硒的作用效果相同;停止补硒后,补充富硒小麦组大鼠的红细胞和红细胞ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性均显著高于补充富硒玉米组大鼠。表明给大鼠补充富硒小麦较补充富硒玉米好。     

低硒对大鼠血管一氧化氮合酶和微循环的影响

采用低硒饲料饲养大鼠造成体内贫硒。１４周时测定血浆中脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）、前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）和血栓素（ＴＸＡ２）的水平以及部分血液流变学指标。实验第３９周,测定血管组织一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性及一氧化氮（ＮＯ）水平。结果显示,低硒饲料组的血管ＮＯＳ活性、ＮＯ水平显著低于常规饲料的对照组;而在实验第１４周时,当低硒饲料组的血硒、血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性显著下降、血浆ＬＰＯ水平明显上升的同时,其对应的血浆６－酮－ＰＧＦ１α水平也显著降低,但其ＴＸＢ２与对照组无显著差异。此外,随着大鼠体内的贫硒,其红细胞变形能力下降,但红细胞聚集指数和血沉方程Ｋ值提高。因此,硒不足可能会通过影响ＮＯＳ活性和ＰＧＩ２的合成以及红细胞特性而损害微循环功能。     

Time dependence of distribution of radioactive trace elements in Se-deficient rats: Application of the multitracer technique

The uptake and the distribution of radioactive trace elements in Se-deficient rats were examined by the multitracer technique, which can be used to evaluate the behavior of many elements under the same experimental conditions. The uptake of Se was larger in the brain, spleen, and testicles of the Se-deficient rats than in those of the normal ones. The uptake of As, Fe, and Sc was larger in the liver of Se-deficient rats than in that of normal ones. In the bone, the uptake of Zr of Se-deficient rats was larger than that of normal ones. Selenium is known to be in a competitive or synergetic relationship with several metals. From the present results on Sc and Zr, it was newly cleared up that there is also some interaction between those elements and Se.     

Biliary excretion of essential trace elements in rats under oxidative stress caused by selenium deficiency

The excretion of essential trace elements, namely, Se, Sr, As, Mn, Co, V, Fe, and Zn into the bile of Se-deficient (SeD) Wistar male rats was studied using the multitracer (MT) technique, and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Normal and Se-control (SeC) rat groups were used as reference groups to compare the effects of Se levels on the behaviors of the essential trace elements. The excretion (% dose) of Se, Sr, As, Mn, Co, and V increased with Se levels in the liver. The biliary excretion of Mn and As dramatically enhanced for SeC rats compared with SeD rats, while that of V accelerated a little for SeC rats. The radioactivity levels of ⁵⁹Fe and ⁶⁵Zn in the MT tracer solution were insufficient to measure their excretion into bile. The role of glutathione and bilirubin for biliary excretion of the metals was discussed in relation to Se levels in rat liver.     

Studies on the formation of aliphatic aldehydes in the plasma and liver of vitamin E-deficient rats

The effects of vitamin E (E) deficiency on the formation of aliphatic aldehydes in rat plasma and liver were studied. Three-week-old Wistar male rats were fed either an E supplemented diet (2-ambo-alpha-tocopheryl acetate 20 mg/kg diet, designated as E supplemented diet group) or an E deficient diet (E deficient diet group). After 8 weeks, n-hexanal and (E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HN) in the plasma of the E deficient diet group were found to be 2.0 and 2.5-fold greater than those of the E supplemented diet group, respectively. The contents of aldehydes such as n-pentanal, n-hexanal, 4-HN in the liver were also significantly higher in the E deficient diet group than in the E supplemented diet group. These results indicate that some aldehydes, arising possibly from lipid peroxides, are produced and detected in the plasma and liver of rats under the condition like E deficiency. In this study we further found that the activity of the liver aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH, EC 1.2.1.3) was significantly changed; 5 and 8 weeks after the start it was lower in the E deficient diet group when compared to that in the E supplemented diet group. The decrease of enzyme activity was related to the increase of aldehydes such as n-hexanal in the liver. the aldehyde increase in the plasma of the E deficient diet group was thought to raise the injury of cells, namely, a strong hemolysis on erythrocytes prepared from the blood of rats fed the E deficient diet.     

Effects of Lycium barbarum aqueous and ethanol extracts on high-fat-diet induced oxidative stress in rat liver tissue

This study evaluated the protective effects of aqueous extract of Lycium barbarum (LBAE) and ethanol extract of Lycium barbarum (LBEE) on blood lipid levels, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and liver tissue antioxidant enzyme activities in rats fed a high fat diet (HF). The rats were randomly divided into seven groups of ten rats each and fed a different diet for eight weeks as follows: One group (NC group) was fed a standard diet, one group was fed a high-fat diet (HF group), one group was fed a high-fat diet and orally fed with 20 mg/kg b.w. simvastatin (HF + simvastatin group), and the other group was fed the high fat diet and orally fed with 50 mg/kg b.w. or 100 mg/kg b.w. LBAE (HF + LBAE), or 50 mg/kg b.w. or 100 mg/kg b.w. LBEE (HF + LBEE), respectively. After eight weeks, the HF diet caused deleterious metabolic effects. Rats fed the HF diet alone showed increased hepatocellular enzyme activities in plasma, a significant decline in antioxidant enzyme activities, and elevated liver lipid peroxidation indices. LBAE and LBEE administration significantly reduced liver damage and oxidative changes, and brought back the antioxidants and lipids towards normal levels. These data suggest that these antioxidants protect against toxicity parameters in HF rats.     

铜中毒对SD大鼠肝的影响研究

将36只雄性大鼠80~100 g随机分为3组,分别喂以对照日粮(Cu质量分数13.15mg/kg)和高铜日粮(Cu质量分数650、850 mg/kg),实验期为9周,进行了铜中毒对大鼠肝脏影响的病理学研究。结果表明,与对照组比较,高铜Ⅰ、Ⅱ组大鼠肝脏出现不同程度的病理损害;大鼠肝脏脏器系数有增高趋势,但差异无显著(P0.05)。同时,乳酸脱氢酶、谷草转氨酶活性显著升高(P0.01),血清铜含量上升,SOD含量下降。提示日粮铜质量分数650~850 mg/kg即可引起大鼠肝脏的病理损伤,功能降低。     

Diet control to achieve euglycemia induces significant loss of heart and liver weight via increased autophagy compared with ad libitum diet in diabetic rats

Intensive glucose control increases the all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that strict diet control to achieve euglycemia in diabetes damages major organs, increasing the mortality risk. To evaluate effects on major organs when euglycemia is obtained by diet control, we generated a model of end-stage T2DM in 13-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats by subtotal pancreatectomy, followed by ad libitum feeding for 5 weeks. We divided these rats into two groups and for the subsequent 6 weeks provided ad libitum feeding to half (AL, n=12) and a calorie-controlled diet to the other half (R, n=12). To avoid hypoglycemia, the degree of calorie restriction in the R group was isocaloric (g per kg body weight per day) compared with a sham-operated control group (C, n=12). During the 6-week diet control period, AL rats ate three times more than rats in the C or R groups, developing hyperglycemia with renal hyperplasia. R group achieved euglycemia but lost overall body weight significantly compared with the C or AL group (49 or 22%, respectively), heart weight (39 or 23%, respectively) and liver weight (50 or 46%, respectively). Autophagy levels in the heart and liver were the highest in the R group (P<0.01), which also had the lowest pAkt/Akt levels among the groups (P<0.05 in the heart; P<0.01 in the liver). In conclusion, glycemic control achieved by diet control can prevent hyperglycemia-induced renal hyperplasia in diabetes but may be deleterious even at isocaloric rate when insulin is deficient because of significant loss of heart and liver mass via increased autophagy.     

Effects of Green Apple (Golden Delicious) and Its Three Major Flavonols Consumption on Obesity,Lipids, and Oxidative Stress in Obese Rats

Obesity is becoming increasingly common all over the world and global strategies are accordingly being developed to prevent it. In order to support the strategies, the effects of green apple (Golden Delicious) and the consumption of its three major flavonols (quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-D-galactoside, and quercetin-3-rhamnoside) on body weight; the weight of liver, kidney, and spleen; some lipid parameters in serum; and total lipid ratios of liver and kidney and oxidative stress parameters of obese rats were studied. This study was conducted on two experimental groups: one of which was given an apple, and the other was given flavonols, in addition to their high-energy diet; along with a sham and a control rat group, for 4 weeks. According to results, there was no difference in body and organ weights between groups. The liver and kidney weights increased in obese rats, but there was no difference between the total lipid ratios in these organs. The addition of green apple and selected flavonols to the high-energy diet of rats was not sufficient to prevent the increase in body and organ weights, but it supported the reduction in some lipid fractions and in oxidative stress parameters of obese rats. Moreover, this study supported the argument that obesity causes most of the lipid fractions increase in serum and induces oxidative stress.     

Effect of lead poisoning on the thiamine status and function in liver and blood of rats

Three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a thiamine deficient diet, which was supplemented by daily subcutaneous injections of a minimum requirement of thiamine, and treated with lead(II) acetate in different molar ratios to thiamine (1:1, 2:1, 10:1) for 5 and 9 months, respectively. The prolonged administration of lead(II) acetate decreases the thiamine level in lead-treated rats and diminishes the enzymatic activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase as well as that of transketolase. The thiamine level in the liver decreased by 30 to 40% compared with a reference group and the activity of the erythrocyte transketolase diminished by 5 to 40%. The level of the blood pyruvate increased by about 20% and the rate of the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate by liver mitochondria decreased.     

Comparative proteomic analysis using 2DE‐LC‐MS/MS reveals the mechanism of Fuzhuan brick tea extract against hepatic fat accumulation in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Fuzhuan brick tea has received increasing attention in recent years owing to its benefits for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated metabolic syndrome. For exploring the ameliorative mechanism, the liver proteomes from three groups of rats fed either a normal control diet (NCD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD supplemented with high‐dose Fuzhuan brick tea extract (FTE) (HFD + HFTE) were comprehensively compared by quantitative proteomics using 2DE‐LC‐MS/MS. This is the first study of the effects of tea aqueous extract on the liver proteome of rats suffering from metabolic syndrome. The results showed that 57 proteins displayed more than 1.5‐fold differences in at least one of two comparisons of HFD versus NCD and HFD versus HFD + HFTE due to HFD feeding and FTE treatment, respectively. Of them, over 75% of proteins exhibited a similar tendency of expression in the two comparisons, meaning FTE was able to correct HFD effects on rat livers. By function analyses, an extensive list of proteins was involved in sugar and lipid metabolism. Compared with HFD‐fed rats, the reduced lipogenesis and enhanced β‐oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle and respiratory chain in HFD + HFTE‐fed rats, which mainly contributed to ameliorate hepatic fat accumulation and associated NAFLD. Additionally, some putative drug targets were also revealed such as COX2, PGAM1, ACACB, FAS, and ECHS1.