Ion-exchange behavior of stannic selenoiodate and stannic selenosilicate: analytical application of stannic selenoiodate

Two new inorganic ion exchangers, stannic selenoiodate and stannic selenosilicate have been synthesized. The ion-exchange capacity of stannic selenoiodate and stannic selenosilicate for K⁺ was found to be 1.84 and 1.23 meq g^–1, respectively. pH titration studies reveal monofunctional and bifunctional behavior for stannic selenosilicate and stannic selenoiodate, respectively. Distribution coefficients of metal ions in dimethylformamide–HCl and formamide–HCl systems have been determined. Some important and analytically difficult quantitative binary and ternary separations, and selective separations of Ag⁺, Sn⁴⁺, Zr⁴⁺, Co²⁺, and Ni²⁺ have been achieved on stannic selenoiodate columns. The practical utility of the material has been demonstrated by analyzing the metal ion content of electroplating waste.     

Chromatographic separation of inorganic ions on thin layers of lanthanum silicate ion-exchanger

Summary Thin layers of lanthanum silicate have been used to study the chromatographic behaviour of 28 metal ions in aqueous and mixed systems. As³⁺, Mo⁶⁺, Sb³⁺, Ti⁴⁺ and others can be easily separated from a number of inorganic ions. Fast ternary and binary separations have also been achieved and various separations are discussed. It is shown that Alberti's relation is also obeyed by thin layers of lanthanum silicate. Presented at the 21^st ISC held in Stuttgart, Germany, 15^th–20^th September, 1996     

Distribution studies of metal ions on stannic arsenate in butanol-HNO3 systems: Quantitative separation of Ni−Fe,Ni−Cu,Cd−Hg and Pb−Hg

Summary This paper deals with systematic distribution studies of metal ions on stannic arsenate in butanol-HNO₃ systems. K_d values of metal ions have been determined by the batch process in solvent systems containing varying proportions of butanol and 50% HNO₃. Quantitative binary separations of Ni–Fe, Ni–Cu, Cd–Hg and Pb–Hg have been obtained on the basis of information from the studies.     

Chelation Ion Chromatography on DMSO Impregnated Silica Gel-G Layers: Specific Separation of Cd2+, W6+, and Zr4+ from Transitional Metal Ions

Abstract

Chelation ion chromatography of metal ions on DMSO impregnated silica gel-G layers in ether; DMSO: 1M HNO₃ (1:1); n-butanol: acetone: HNO₃ (6:6:1) and di-isopropyl ether: DMSO: THF systems having varying compositions, was performed. The zero R_f for a number of cations is explained in terms of precipitation and strong adsorption. It was possible to separate Cd²⁺, W⁶⁺, Zr⁴⁺, Zn²⁺ and VO²⁺ from numerous metal ions. A number of analytically important binary and ternary separations were also achieved and were found useful in synthetic alloy analysis.     

Prediction of KSP from Rf Values: Thin Layer Chromatography of 47 Metal Ions on Stannic Arsenate in Aqueous Hydrochloric Acid Systems

Abstract

The adsorption behaviour of 47 metal ions has been studied in aqueous HCl systems using stannic ersenate layers. The effect of solvent pH on R_f alongwith the complexation effect of HCl has been investigated. On the basis of R_f values the K_SP of some metel arsenates have been predicted. HCl has been utilized to resolve some binary and ternary mixtures such as Be²⁺ - Mg²⁺, Zr⁴⁺ - La³⁺, Th⁴⁺ - Ce⁴⁺, Th⁴⁺ - UO²⁺ ₂, Cr³⁺ - Mo⁶⁺ or W⁶⁺, Sb³⁺ - Bi³⁺ - Cd²⁺ and Ag⁺ - Cu²⁺ - Cd²⁺.     

Synthesis and ion-exchange properties of zirconium antimonate

Samples of zirconium antimonate have been prepared under varying conditions of precipitation. Their properties, composition, and ion-exchange behaviour are reported. The 1g K_d vs. pH curves are given for Rb⁺, Cs⁺, Zn²⁺, Ca²⁺ and Tl³⁺ ions. The distribution coefficients of 26 metal ions have been measured and several separations of analytical and radiochemical importance achieved.     

Thin Layer Chromatographic of Metal Ions in Oxalic Acid-Oxalate Systems

Abstract

The adsorption behaviour of 48 metal ions has been studied in Oxalic acid - Oxalate systems using silica gel - G layers. The effect of p_H on R_f values was also investigated. A plot of -log Ksp Vs. R_M and R_f shows the dramatic behaviour of Hg²⁺ ion in 0.1 M Potassium Oxalate + 0.1 M Ammonium Oxalate (1:1) system. A number of interesting separations have been achieved e.g., Fe³⁺ - Ti⁴⁺ zr⁴⁺ - Ti⁴⁺, ce⁴⁺ - La³⁺, zr⁴⁺ - Th⁴⁺, Te⁴⁺ - Se⁴⁺ and Zr⁴⁺ - Y³⁺ - La³⁺. Ti⁴⁺ and Nb⁵⁺ were separated from a mixture of number of ions.     

磷酸锡的离子交换性质(Ⅲ)——四十四种金属离子的薄层层析

本文用磷酸锡无机离子交换剂制成薄层板,不另加粘合剂,以DMSOHNO₃为混合溶剂系统对四十四种金属离子的薄层层析行为进行了研究。实验结果表明:在混合溶剂系统中,增加硝酸的浓度,磷酸锡交换剂中的交换基电离度降低,许多金属离子的比移值有所增加;当以DMSO-H₂(1:1)为溶剂,除Hg²⁺,Cd²⁺,Cr³⁺(或Cr⁶⁺和贵金属离子外,其它金属离子的比移位接近于零。故选择适当比例的DMSO-HNO₃和DMSO-H₂O为混合溶剂系统,利用磷酸锡对某些金属离子的选择性,可使许多金属离子相互分离。如:Hg²⁺与Pb²⁺,Cd²⁺与Pb²⁺,Hg²⁺与Hg₂²⁺,Pb²⁺与Zn²⁺,Hg²⁺与As³⁺等的分离是成功的。这些离子对环境保护中微量组分的分离和富集具有一定的使用价值。     

Chromium antimonate as an ion-exchanger

Summary Chromium antimonate has been synthesised under varying conditions of precipitation and the cation-exchange properties of the various samples are reported. Systematic study has resulted in a product suitable for column operations. The effect of equilibration time, concentration of the electrolyte, size and charge of the ion and drying temperature on exchange capacity is reported. The chemical stability and regeneration power of the sample are also investigated. The plots of log K_d against pH for Rb⁺, Cs⁺, Tl⁺, Ca²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Tl³⁺ ions suggest a predominently ion-exchange mechanism in the case of Rb⁺ and Cs⁺ ions. K_d values of 27 metal ions have been determined and some chromatographic separations of analytical and radiochemical importance based on them have been achieved on chromium antimonate columns.Presented at the Annual Convention of Chemists (India), Roorkee, December 1975.     

Synthesis,Ion Exchange Properties and Applications of Thermally Stable Stannic Selenophosphate: Comparison With Other TIN(IV) Based Ion Exchangers

Abstract

Samples of stannic selenophospnate have been synthesized by mixing 0.05m aquous solutions of stannic chloride, sodium selenite and sodium dihydrogen phosphate in different volume ratios at pH = 1. The chemical compositions have been determined. The Tin, Selenium and Phosphorous contents of all these samples have been found to be in the ratio of 1:1:1. Sample with a high ion exchange capacity (1.63 meq/ dry gm) has been studied in detail. pH titrations, IR and X-ray analysis, distribution coefficients of metal ions in different systems were performed. The differential selectivity of metal ions on stannic selenophosphate has been utilized for the important separations. Fourteen quantitative separations of industrial and analytical-importance have been achieved on its column. A comparison of the important properties of stannic selenophosphate have been made with stannic tungsto-arsenate, stannic molybdoarsenate, stannic arsenophosphate, stannic vanadophosphate, stannic phosphate and stannic selenite. It peak due to inter stitial water (1600cm^?1) persists upto 500°C. However, the peak vanishes completely when the drying temperature is increased to 800°C.     

Role of stannic phosphate in the uptake of cations. Separation of zirconium from thorium and cadmium from indium at tracer concentrations

The uptake of Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺, Ag⁺, Ca²⁺, Cu²⁺, Sr²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ba²⁺, Pb²⁺, Sc³⁺, Co³⁺, Y³⁺, Sb³⁺, Tb³⁺, Zr⁴⁺ and Th⁴⁺ cations at very small concentrations has been studied over a column of stannic phosphate. The exchanger was prepared by mixing H₃PO₄, NaCl and SnCl₄ in suitable proportions and the ratio of PSn, in the product was obtained to be 1.96. Radiochemical separations of carrier free⁹⁵Zr from²³⁴Th and^115mIn, from¹¹⁵Cd have been carried out by adopting a simple chemical procedure over a column of stannic phosphate. The -spectrum analysis showed that the separated products are of high radionuclidic purity. The separation procedures took less than half an hour with quantitative yield.     

Distribution studies of metal ions on arsenophosphates of Sn(IV) and Cr(III) and on amine Sn(II) hexacyanoferrates (II) using radio tracers: Separation of Sr2+−Cs+, Hg2+−Ag+ and Hg2+−Zn2+

Summary Distribution studies of some metal ions have been made on Sn(IV) and Cr(III) arsenophosphates and on some samples of Sn(II) amine hexacyanoferrates(II), using radiotracers. The K_d values of Cs⁺ and Rb⁺ have been followed at varying HNO₃ concentrations also. As a result 3 useful binary separations have been achieved on Sn(IV) and Cr(III) arsenophosphates, such as Sr²⁺–Cs⁺, Hg²⁺–Ag⁺ and Hg²⁺–Zn²⁺.     

Preparation and ion-exchange properties of zirconium tungstoarsenate

A new inorganic ion-exchanger, zirconium tugnstoarsenate, has been synthesized which has been characterized by chemical analysis, thermogravimetry, X-ray and infrared spectroscopy. The ion exchanger has been found to be stable in acids and neutral salt solutions. The K_d values for 30 metal ions have been determined at pH 3–4 which show that the exchanger has high affinity for UO ₂ ²⁺ , ZrO²⁺, Cs⁺ and Tl⁺ ions. The variation of K_d for a number of metal ions as a function of concentration of nitric acid and ammonium nitrate has been investigated to elucidate the probable exchange mechanism and to work out conditions for elution. Some binary separations, viz. Sr²⁺−Cs⁺, Sr²⁺−Rb⁺, Sr²⁺−Y³⁺, Fe³⁺−Al³⁺, Fe³⁺−Zn²⁺ and Zn²⁺−Hg²⁺ in trace amounts have been carried out on the column of the exchanger which demonstrate the utility of the exchanger in radionalytical and analytical chemistry.     

Thin-Layer Chromatographic Separation of DMSO Complexes of Metal Ions

Abstract

Thin layer chromatography of DMSO complexes of some metal ions in a large number of solvent systems was carried out. The specific separation of DMSO complex of Hg²⁺ from others have been achieved in ethyl acetate media. Other important separations of metal - DMSO complexes are : Ni²⁺ - Co²⁺, Ce³⁺ - La³⁺ and Zn²⁺ - Mn²⁺. Some other possible separations are also reported.     

Synthesis, ion-exchange properties and analytical applications of stannic selenoarsenate: Comparison with other heteropolyacid salts

Summary Stannic selenoarsenate samples have been prepared by adding a mixture which is 0.05 M in sodium arsenate and 0.05 M in sodium selenite to a 0.05 M solution of stannic chloride in different volume ratios at pH 1. Its ion-exchange properties, pH titration curves and X-ray pattern were studied. Adsorption behaviour of 24 metal ions in different solvent systems has been examined. The analytical importance of this material has been demonstrated by achieving the following binary and ternary separations: Hg²⁺-Cd²⁺, Co²⁺-Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺-Fe³⁺, Hg²⁺-Zn²⁺-Al³⁺, Hg²⁺-Cu²⁺-Al³⁺, Hg²⁺-Ni²⁺-Al³⁺, Hg²⁺-Zn²⁺-Fe³⁺ and Hg²⁺-Ni²⁺-Fe³⁺. A comparison of the ion-exchange properties of this material has also been made with some other tin(IV) based ion-exchangers.

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Synthese, Ionenaustauscher-Eigenschaften und analytische Anwendungen von Zinn-Selenoarsenat: Vergleich mit anderen Heteropolysalzen

Zusammenfassung Zinn-Selenoarsenat wurde durch Mischen von 0,05 M Natriumarsenat-, 0,05 M Natriumselenitund 0,05 M Zinn(IV)-Chlorid-Lösungen bei pH 1 in verschiedenen Verhältnissen hergestellt. Die Ionenaustauscher-Eigenschaften, pH-Titrationskurven sowie Röntgendiagramme wurden untersucht und das Adsorptionsverhalten von 24 Metallionen in verschiedenen Lösungsmittelsystemen geprüft. Die analytische Verwertbarkeit wurde an Hand der folgenden Trennungsmöglichkeiten gezeigt: Hg²⁺-Cd²⁺, Co²⁺-Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺-Fe³⁺, Hg²⁺-Zn²⁺-Al³⁺, Hg²⁺-Cu²⁺-Al³⁺, Hg²⁺-Ni²⁺-Al³⁺, Hg²⁺-Zn²⁺-Fe³⁺, Hg²⁺-Ni²⁺-Fe³⁺. Vergleiche mit anderen Ionenaustauschern auf Zinn(IV)-Basis werden ebenfalls beschrieben.

     

Cation chromatography on stannic tungstate papers: Quantitative separation of vanadium from iron,titanium, zirconium and thorium

Summary A systematic study of the chromatography of metal ions on stannic tungstate papers has been performed using acetone-HNO₃–H₂O systems. The effect of mole fractions of acetone, HNO₃ and H₂O on the R_f values of the metal ions has been discussed in detail and a relationship between R_f and mole fraction (X) of the solvent has been obtained as R_f=mX+C. The usefulness of the study has been demonstrated by the specific extraction of titanium and thorium in HNO₃H₂O (12) and HNO₃:acetone:H₂O (161) systems. In addition, some binary and ternary separations of metal ions have also been achieved on these papers.     

Substitution-Inert Metal Complex Mobile Phases in Non-Suppressed Cation Chromatography

Substitution-inert metal complexes, [Co(edda)(H₂O)₂]⁺, (Co(edda)(en)]⁺, [Co(edda)(dmen)]⁺, [Co(en)₂-(gly)]²⁺, [Co(en)₂(acac)]²⁺, and [Co(trien)(gly)]²⁺ in their nitrate salt solutions are used as eluents in nonsuppressed cation chromatography (where edda = ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid, en = ethylenediamine, dmen = N,N′-dime-thylethylenediamine, gly = glycine, acac = acetylacetone, and trien = triethylenetetraamine). It is found that all the mono- and di-valent charged complexes can be used to separate alkali and alkaline earth metal cations, respectively. The separations for monovalent cations are sometimes comparable to those using ultrapure HNO₃ solutions. However, the divalent Ca²⁺ and Sr²⁺ ions cannot be resolved using the metal complex eluents. On the other hand, a selected, direct non-suppressed IC separation of zinc(II) and cadmium(II) ions is demonstrated for the first time using a substitution-inert metal complex eluent and a conductivity detector. Comparisons of these eluents with those reported previously, i. e. HNO₃ and ethylenediammonium salt solution are made and explanations are proposed to account for the different selectivities observed where possible. The future development of this technique is also briefly discussed.     

Quantitative Separation of Hg(11) From Several Metal Ions on Zr(IV) Antimonate Papers

Abstract

The chromatographic behaviour of 32 metal ions has been studied on paper Impregnated with Zirconium(IV) antimonate in aqueous HCI and mixed solvent system containing dimethyisul phoxide and dioxane. Several Important binary and ternary separations have been achieved. Quantitative separation of Hg(ll) from Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, Pd²⁺, Ru³⁺, Rh³⁺, Bi³⁺, Co²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Gd³⁺ is described.     

Chromatographic behaviour of metal ions on tin(IV) and titanium(IV) antimonate papers

Summary The chromatographic behaviour of 49 metal ions has been studied on papers impregnated with Sn(IV) and Ti(IV) antimonates in aqueous HNO₃ and mixed solvent systems containing dimethyl sulphoxide. Numerous separations have been achieved and the Alberti equation, for Sn(IV) and Ti(IV) antimonate papers, in the modified form: –nloga K⁺=R_M + constant (a K⁺=activity of K⁺), has been verified. The effect of the concentration of impregnating reagents on these papers has been determined and compared with other papers. The effect of pH on R_f, R_i, log R_f and R_M values of metal ions has also been examined in aqueous systems.     

Chromatography of Some Metal Ions on Silica Gel Thin Layers in Butanol-Formic Acid Media

Abstract

Chromato graphic behaviour of some metal ions on silica gel thin layers has been studied in butanol—formic acid media. The results have been compared with those obtained in aqueous formic acid medium. Many important and analytically difficult separations have been achieved. Some thin layer chromato graphic parameters for the separation of Vo²⁺ from numerous metal ions using 20.0 M formic acid in butanol have been determined.