Phase Transition of Triangulated Spherical Surfaces with Elastic Skeletons

A first-order transition is numerically found in a spherical surface model with skeletons, which are linked to each other at junctions. The shape of the triangulated surfaces is maintained by skeletons, which have a one-dimensional bending elasticity characterized by the bending rigidity b, and the surfaces have no two-dimensional bending elasticity except at the junctions. The surfaces swell and become spherical at large b and collapse and crumple at small b. These two phases are separated from each other by the first-order transition. Although both of the surfaces and the skeleton are allowed to self-intersect and, hence, phantom, our results indicate a possible phase transition in biological or artificial membranes whose shape is maintained by cytoskeletons.     

描述混合物固液相变的两个近似模型

 提出了描述混合物固液相变的两个近似模型：混合相模型和等效物质模型。通过对304钢的计算和比较表明，由两个模型计算得到的结果与直接利用304钢的材料参数计算得到的结果相符合。     

Noise-Induced Phase Transition in Traffic Flow

One of the dynamic phases of the traffic flow is the traffic jam. It appears in traffic flow when the vehicledensity is larger than the critical value. In this paper, a new method is presented to investigate the traffic jam when thevehicle density is smaller than the critical value. In our method, we introduce noise into the traffic system after sufficienttransient time. Under the effect of noise, the traffic jam appears, and the phase transition from tree to synchronized flowoccurs in traffic flow. Our method is tested for the deterministic NaSch traffic model. The simulation results demonstratethat there exist a broad range of lower densities at which the noise effect leading to traffic jam can be observed.     

The Phase Transition in Statistical Models Defined on Farey Fractions

We consider several statistical models defined on the Farey fractions. Two of these models may be regarded as spin chains, with long-range interactions, while another arises in the study of multifractals associated with chaotic maps exhibiting intermittency. We prove that these models all have the same free energy. Their thermodynamic behavior is determined by the spectrum of the transfer operator (Ruelle–Perron–Frobenius operator), which is defined using the maps (presentation functions) generating the Farey tree. The spectrum of this operator was completely determined by Prellberg. It follows that these models have a second-order phase transition with a specific heat divergence of the form C [ ln² ]^–1. The spin chain models are also rigorously known to have a discontinuity in the magnetization at the phase transition.     

FeMnNi合金冲击相变与卸载逆相变历程研究

采用VISAR测试技术,将正向加载和逆向加载实验相结合,研究了不同加载压力下FeMnNi合金的冲击相变和卸载逆相变历程.结果表明:冲击加载压力与冲击相变阈值之差小于逆相变阈值时,即0＜σp-σt＜σn,FeMnNi合金发生α→ε相变,加载段呈现弹性波、塑性波和相变波三波结构,塑性波在自由面反射稀疏波使FeMnNi合金完...     

First-Order Phase Transition in Potts Models with Finite-Range Interactions

We consider the Q-state Potts model on Z ^d , Q≥ 3, d≥ 2, with Kac ferromagnetic interactions and scaling parameter γ. We prove the existence of a first order phase transition for large but finite potential ranges. More precisely we prove that for γ small enough there is a value of the temperature at which coexist Q+1 Gibbs states. The proof is obtained by a perturbation around mean-field using Pirogov-Sinai theory. The result is valid in particular for d = 2, Q = 3, in contrast with the case of nearest-neighbor interactions for which available results indicate a second order phase transition. Putting both results together provides an example of a system which undergoes a transition from second to first order phase transition by changing only the finite range of the interaction.     

荧光光谱研究含1,5取代萘刚性生色基双分子膜的相变

用荧光光谱研究了系列双亲物ＣｎＮａｐｈ（１,５）Ｃ６Ｎ＋（ｎ＝１６,１２,１０,８,６和４）聚集体的热致相变,发现荧光强度随温度升高发生了急剧变化,归因于聚集体从凝胶态到液晶态的相变。实验结果表明,尾链长短直接影响聚集体结构和相变温度Ｔｃ高低：尾链长,聚集体堆积密度大,荧光强度强,Ｔｃ高;反之亦反。荧光光谱的实验结果与透射电镜和ＤＳＣ研究结果一致。     

No Spin-Localization Phase Transition in the Spin-Boson Model without Local Field

We explore the spin-boson model in a special case, i.e., with zero local field. In contrast to previous studies, we find no possibility for quantum phase transition （QPT） happening between the localized and delocalized phases, and the behavior of the model can be fully characterized by the even or odd parity as well as the parity breaking, instead of the QPT, owned by the ground state of the system. The parity breaking mentioned in our case is completely different from the spontaneously broken symmetry relevant to the conventionally defined QPT in previous studies. Our analytical treatment about the eigensolution of the ground state of the model presents for the first time a rigorous proof of no- degeneracy for the ground state of the model, which is independent of the bath type, the degrees of freedom of the bath and the calculation precision. We argue that the QPT mentioned previously appears due to incorrect employment of the ground state of the model and/or unreasonable treatment of the infrared divergence existing in the spectral functions for Ohmic and sub-Ohmic dissipations.     

Liquid Model of Phase Transition from Quark-Gluon Phase to Hadron Phase on Analogy of BCS Theory

A phenomenological model of the transition from quark-gluon phase to hadron phase is presented on the analogy of BCS theory. The massive current-quarks constitute the quark Cooper-pair, i.e., the hadron at T_c = 150~200 MeV, The order parameter of qq-pair takes a value in the range from 0.4 to 0.2 GeV. An experimental verification method of the present model in the heavy-ion collision is proposed.     

单胶子交换和单π交换夸克模型中核子负宇称共振态的电磁跃迁振幅(英文)

分别利用单胶子交换和单π交换夸克模型计算了核子负宇称激发态的电磁跃迁振幅,讨论了两个模型所给出的不同的组态混合角. 结果表明, 单胶子交换模型所给出的重子波函数比单π交换夸克模型的波函数更为合理.Electromagnetic transition amplitudes of negative parity resonances are calculated based on one pion exchange (OPE) model and one gluon exchange (OGE) model, respectively. The configuration mixing caused by the hyperfine interactions of the two models is discussed. Calculated results for the amplitudes indicate that baryon wave functions of OGE are more reasonable than those of OPE.     

No Spin-Localization Phase Transition in the Spin-Boson Model without Local Field

We explore the spin-boson model in a special case, i.e., with zero local field. In contrast to previous studies, we find no possibility for quantum phase transition (QPT) happening between the localized and delocalized phases, and the behavior of the model can be fully characterized by the even or odd parity as well as the parity breaking, instead of the QPT, owned by the ground state of the system. The parity breaking mentioned in our case is completely different from the spontaneously broken symmetry relevant to the conventionally defined QPT in previous studies. Our analytical treatment about the eigensolution of the ground state of the model presents for the first time a rigorous proof of no-degeneracy for the ground state of the model, which is independent of the bath type, the degrees of freedom of the bath and the calculation precision. We argue that the QPT mentioned previously appears due to incorrect employment of the ground state of the model and/or unreasonable treatment of the infrared divergence existing in the spectral functions for Ohmic and sub-Ohmic dissipations.     

Existence and Order of the Phase Transition of the Ising Model with Fixed Magnetization

Properties of the two dimensional Ising model with fixed magnetization are deduced from known exact results on the two dimensional Ising model. The existence of a continuous phase transition is shown for arbitrary values of the fixed magnetization when crossing the boundary of the coexistence region. Modifications of this result for systems of spatial dimension greater than two are discussed.     

Phase Transition in Two-Dimensional Josephson-Junction Arrays

The self-charging model of two-dimensional Josephson-junction arrays at T = 0 is studied by the coupled cluster expansion method. The calculated results for the mass gap converge nicely. Besides the critical point, we also determine the critical parameters at T = 0. The system displays a second-order phase transition and the results are consistent with those obtained by other methods.     

模间耦合与一阶类相变

应用弱噪声展开方法，计算了偏离势条件情况下，双模三次激光模型中福克-普朗克方程的近似稳态解。讨论了稳态中最可几光场分布随参量的变化规律。当I2为弱场时，不管考虑Qst(Il，I20)还是约化几率分布Q^-st(I1)，都可以观察到一阶类相变现象。在双模光场情形，模间锅台对产生一阶类相变的影响不可忽略。     

Dynamical Background for L-G Phase Transition in QHD-I Model

Starting from the QHD-I model, the nucleon-nucleon interaction potential in hot/dense nuclear matter is studied. We find that the attractive and repulsive Yukawa potential between nucleons is modified by the variation of Debye mass directly and, especially, the nucleon system described by this Yukawa potential will be unbounded at some critical T and μ. The critical point we get accords with that of L-G phase transition given by the P - pB phase diagram.     

引入Polyakov环路的手征模型中的涨落与相变

We explore the NJL model with Polyakov loops for a system of three colors and two flavors within the mean-field approximation, where both chiral symmetry and confinement are taken into account. We focus on the phase structure of the model and study the chiral and Polyakov loop susceptibilities.     

Dynamical Background for L-G Phase Transition in QHD-I Model

Starting from the QHD-I model, the nucleon-nucleon interaction potential in hot/dense nuclear matter is studied. We find that the attractive and repulsive Yukawa potential between nucleons is modified by the variation of Debye mass directly and, especially, the nucleon system described by this Yukawa potential will be unbounded at some critical T and μ. The critical point we get accords with that of L-G phase transition given by the P - ρs phase diagram.