电声音乐中的物理学问题--物理与音乐专题之六

一般而言，在电声乐器中，电声乐器与电子乐器不是一个概念．用传统的乐器发声，然后用电声放大的称为电声乐器，如电吉他、电扬琴、电子手风琴等．由电子振荡器产生声的称为电子乐器，如电子琴、电子钢琴等．数字式电子音响合成器也是电子乐     

半导体器件

一、引言所有半导体器件就其用途来说有两类．一类是用于研究某些基本的物理参量．例如金属－绝缘体－半导体二极管,其主要用途是研究半导体表面的性质和钝化技术的性质及效果．又如热电子晶体管可用于研究热电子寿命和载流子通过薄膜时的输运性质．另一类则是应用于实际的电子线路．在生产实践和科学实验中这一类是主要的、大量的．我们可以把半导体器件按其作用性质归为如下四大类．１．双极型器件这一类器件的主要特点是有?...     

管中的驻波:管乐器和簧乐器--物理与音乐之三

管乐器是乐器中的一大家族，主要由各种形式的管状体和激声系统构成．它们的共同特点是利用管中的空气柱振动作为声源，而激声器和管体的形状则各不相同．管乐器可分为两个系列：木管乐器和铜管乐器，它们的主要区别见表1．     

各种利萨如图形的演示实验

各种利萨如图形的演示实验行小帅（山西师大物理系）本文介绍演示出多种多样的利萨如图形．利萨如图形原指两个相互垂直振动的正弦形振动的合成图形．现在介绍相互垂直的各种类型振动的合成，说明任意两种不同的波形均可以合成奇妙的、有趣的各种利萨如图形，这种演示能够...     

偏转角测量中对称法的应用

测量偏转角的一类实验包括光束或电子束的偏转、检流计指针或光点的偏转、扭秤的偏转等普通物理和近代物理实验．这些实验中，当被测量符号相反时指示装置如能反向偏转，就可以运用对称偏转法(简称对称法)测量．     

浅议物理教师对提高学生人文素养的影响

营造以人为本的教学氛围,促进学生提高自身人文修养的教学过程中,教师起着关键的引导作用.著名教育家苏霍姆林斯基说过:"形象地说,学校好比一种精致的乐器,它奏出一种人的和谐旋律,使之影响学生的心灵;但要奏出这样的旋律,必须把乐器的音调调准,而这种乐器是靠教育者的人格来调和的."     

演示利萨如图形中的正弦波移相一法

利用两个正弦波信号，在示波器上演示利萨如图形，要具备两个条件：两个正弦波信号的频率相对稳定；有稳定且连续可调的初相角．频率相对稳定是比较容易做到的．初相角的连续可调用传统的阻容移相或附加晶体管电路来完成，则有很大的局限性：一是相位连续可调范围窄；二是信号相位改变后图1电路结构的幅度有变化；三是操作麻烦，图形效果不好，只能做有限的图形．为了更好地解决正弦波信号移相问题，可采用改变方波前沿时刻，实现正弦彼的相位调整，效果很好．其调相范围在0～280o内连续可调；信号幅度始终保持不变，且操作简单，只用一支电…     

晶片、微电子与技术升级

人类社会正处在世纪之交的转变年代．２０世纪是科学技术突飞猛进的１００年，原子能、半导体、激光和电子计算机成为２０世纪的四大发明创造．可以看出，后三大发明是紧密相关的．激光器可以有气体激光器、半导体激光器和其他固体激光器等．其中半导体激光器是用半导体材料制作的．而组装电子计算机的芯片也是半导体集成电路．所以，可以说激光和电子计算机都是以半导体材料作为基础的．计算机和激光技术都是信息技术的重要支撑技术．因此，半导体材料技术在信息技术，以至于整个高技术领域有着举足轻重的作用．可以说半导体技术是人类进入…     

偏转角测量中对称法的应用

偏转角测量中对称法的应用华南建设学院（东院）梁礼正测量偏转角的一类实验包括光束或电子束的偏转、检流计指针或光点的偏转、扭秤的偏转等普通物理和近代物理实验．这些实验中，当被测量符号相反时指示装置如能反向偏转，就可以运用对称偏转法（简称对称法）测量．对称...     

磁性材料新近进展

磁性材料是应用广泛、品种繁多的一类重要的功能材料，20世纪90年代以后发展十分迅速．稀土-3d过渡族磁性合金材料，如稀土水磁、巨磁致收缩材料、巨磁热效应材料，磁光效应材料等，以及非晶，纳米微晶磁性材料相继问世．1988年巨磁电阻效应的发现已获广泛应用，如读出磁头、传感器以及磁随机存储器等，并发展成为自旋电子学的新学科．文章简要介绍了近年来磁性材料的一些新进展。     

白光和红绿蓝光LED可调光源研制

为了提高LED光源色温和亮度的调节精度和准确度,结合色温由低向高变化时光色所呈现的渐变特点,提出了一种低色温白光LED灯珠、高色温白光LED灯珠加红绿蓝光LED灯珠补偿式调光的方法.将色温分成三个部分进行调节,每个部分选用不同的LED灯珠组合来进行调光.实验结果表明:不同组合情况下的LED光源的初始输出色温相对于目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;亮度可以在保证色温不变的情况下独立进行调节,初始输出值与目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;经过微调之后可以达到目标值;达到了色温和亮度独立调节的要求;光源发光稳定,不会因为长时间工作而影响调节精度.     

Muonic and pionic L- and M-series in carbon and oxygen and the pionic 2p level shift and width of oxygen

Muonic and pionic X-rays of the L- and M-series in C and O have been measured with a Si(Li) detector in the energy range between 7 keV and 60 keV. The target consisted of mylar (C₅H₄O₂). Energies and intensities of 21 transitions have been determined. The strong interaction shift of the pionic 2p level in O was measured and found to be +4.1 ±2.3 eV. The measured width of this level is 11±6 eV. The measured yields have been compared with cascade calculations.     

Visualization and interferometry for cylindrical and spherical sample tomography and profilometry

A technique combining image processing and laser interferometry for visualizing and detecting the deformation of transparent cylindrical and spherical sample is proposed. This deformation includes geometric deformation such as volume transition in profilometry and physical deformation such as refractive index change in tomography. Phase contour lines are used for quantitative analysis and graphical representation of the deformation. This method allows us to visually detect the spatial variation of the deformation field and to evaluate the test quality such as misalignment of optical system. A theoretical analysis using phase contour map to characterize the deformation field is described in detail. A method using phase contour map to qualify the interferometric test is proposed. Analysis of test examples is carried out. Suggestions on using phase contour line method to ameliorate test system design are finally discussed.     

Nonlocal potentials and their exact and approximate local and velocity-dependent equivalents

We show that good approximations to the exact equivalent local potential (ELP) and damping factor of a nonlocal Perey-Buck potential can be calculated in the partial wave WKB approximation of Horiuchi. The exact ELP and damping factor are obtained by means of a method previously given by one of us. We also confirm that an approximate ELP proposed by Bauhoff et al. is of comparable accuracy as the Horiuchi approximation. Thesel-dependent ELP's exhibit reduced attraction in the interior and provide a test for higher order WKB approximations. We subsequently obtain an equivalent velocity dependent potential (EVDP) which is even exactly wave function equivalent to the original nonlocal potential. This almost local potential, unlike the trivial equivalent local potential, is smooth and well-behaved and is therefore particularly useful in nuclear reactions where the off-shell behaviour of the potential is important.     

Quantum and Classical Disparity and Accord

Discrepancies and accords between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM) related to expectation values and periods are generally found for both the harmonic oscillator (SHO) and a free particle in a box (FPB), which may apply generally. These indicate non-locality is expected throughout QM. The FPB energy states violate the Correspondence Principle. Previously unexpected accords are found and proven that 〈x ²〉 _CM =〈x ²〉 _QM and τ _CM =τ _QMb (beat period i.e. beats between the phases for adjoining energy states) for the SHO for all quantum numbers, n. However, for the FPB the beat periods differ at small n. It is shown that a particle’s velocity in an infinite square well varies, no matter how wide the box, nor how far the particle is from the walls. The quantum free particle variances share an indirect commonality with the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in the absence of a force. The concept of an “Expectation Value over a Partial Well Width” is introduced. This paper raises the question as to whether these inconsistencies are undetectable, or can be empirically ascertained. These inherent variances may need to be fixed, or nature is manifestly more non-classical than expected.     

Spin and Statistics and First Principles

It was shown in the early seventies that, in Local Quantum Theory (that is the most general formulation of Quantum Field Theory, if we leave out only the unknown scenario of Quantum Gravity) the notion of Statistics can be grounded solely on the local observable quantities (without assuming neither the commutation relations nor even the existence of unobservable charged field operators); one finds that only the well known (para)statistics of Bose/Fermi type are allowed by the key principle of local commutativity of observables. In this frame it was possible to formulate and prove the Spin and Statistics Theorem purely on the basis of First Principles.