近距离高准确度光电测距技术的研究

研究了近距离光电测距系统的工作特点,设计了近距离光电测距相机光学系统.基于几何相似法原理,提出几何相似法光电测量系统的测量过程是一个不等准确度测量过程.重点研究了不等准确度测量过程中的测量数据处理技术,给出了测量系统测量数据修正的方法.同时对比了修正前和修正后测量结果的差异,明确指出,采用不等准确度最小二乘法处理测量数据可以提高极近距离处的测量准确度.     

合肥光源基于同步光的测量与研究

介绍了合肥光源同步光测量系统,包括条纹相机系统、快速光电测量束团长度系统、束团横向截面测量系统和光位置测量系统.利用条纹相机系统和快速光电测量柬团长度系统进行了束团长度测量和束团伸长效应的研究.利用束流截面测量系统进行了六极铁对横向不稳定性抑制效果和横向反馈系统反馈效果的测量研究.光位置测量系统采用丝型光位置检测器和自行研制了对数处理?用于测量光源点的束流位置和角度.     

合肥光源基于同步光的测量与研究

介绍了合肥光源同步光测量系统, 包括条纹相机系统、快速光电测量束团长度系统、束团横向截面测量系统和光位置测量系统. 利用条纹相机系统和快速光电测量束团长度系统进行了束团长度测量和束团伸长效应的研究. 利用束流截面测量系统进行了六极铁对横向不稳定性抑制效果和横向反馈系统反馈效果的测量研究. 光位置测量系统采用丝型光位置检测器和自行研制了对数处理器, 用于测量光源点的束流位置和角度.     

倾斜管式液体粘度测量方法理论及实验研究

本文提出了一种适用于高压下及低沸点物质液相粘度的测量方法-倾斜管式粘度测量方法,并设计和搭建了粘度测量系统.采用粘度测量系统标定的标准物质-纯水,通过测量其运动粘度,对该测量系统进行了检测.结果显示,该测量系统的相对偏差绝对平均值为0.65%,验证了该方法原理的正确性及测量系统的准确性.此外,测量了R134a饱和液体的运动粘度,进一步检测了该粘度测量系统.     

叠加法测量紫外探测器非线性的技术研究

叙述了在266 nm波长点测量紫外探测器和紫外光功率计非线性的原理.提出了利用功率叠加法测量紫外探测器非线性参数的新思路,设计并成功研制了精确测量紫外探测器非线性的装置.利用偏振分光棱镜实现光路的分离与合并,提高了功率非线性测量的动态范围.采用外界杂散光屏蔽技术,减小了背景光和杂散信号对测量结果的影响.编写了自动测量软件.优化了数学模型,降低了测量不确定度.实验结果表明,在1 nw～100 μW的功率范围内,测量重复性小于0.3%,非线性扩展测量不确定度优于0.8%(k=2).     

利用数字示波器测量空气中的超声速

利用数字示波器,采用驻波法、相位比较法、时差法测量了空气中的超声速.测量的结果准确度高,相对误差较小.数字示波器的自动测量功能可显示峰峰值、相位差,光标测量功能可测量时间差.这些功能为测量空气中的超声速带来了便利,同时使测量准确度得到提升.     

无指针δ-淬火直接测量法测量量子密度矩阵

量子密度矩阵描述了量子态的性质,因此如何有效地测量密度矩阵是量子力学的核心课题之一.最近,几个研究组发展了一种基于弱值的直接测量密度矩阵的方法.相较于常用的量子态层析技术,这种方法能够更直接和更简便地重构密度矩阵.然而这种方法需要耦合额外的测量指针,从而也增加了测量的复杂度和测量系统的设计困难.本文先回顾并讨论了量子态直接测量的相关研究,然后基于δ-淬火直接测量波函数的方法提出了一种新的直接测量密度矩阵的方法.这种方法无需耦合外部测量指针,因此可以降低测量的复杂度和测量系统的设计困难,更进一步地简化了直接测量密度矩阵的实验过程.基于此方法,提出了更高信号强度以及更少操作次数等两种无指针直接测量方案,并对比分析了它们在不同的测量条件下的优缺点.最后,具体设计了测量光子密度矩阵的实验.     

二阶偏振模色散测量分析

在庞加莱球的基础上,对原偏振模色散的测量方法进行了理论分析.研究表明,原方法属于间接测量,在测量二阶偏振模色散中存在明显不足.一阶偏振模色散测量的误差影响二阶偏振模色散的测量,间接测量降低了二阶偏振模色散的测量准确度.提出了一种二阶偏振模色散测量的新方法,保证了测量准确度,并通过实验中的统计结果得到证实.     

在测量人眼像差中信息融合方法的应用

建立了基于Hartmann-Shack传感器的主客观人眼波前像差测量系统,该系统使用Hartmann-Shack传感器客观测量人眼像差,分别对模拟眼和活体人眼进行了像差测量.同时系统中加入了主观测量人眼像差的部分,该系统能够同时进行客观和主观的像差测量,实现了使用信息融合的方法对测量结果进行数据处理.并结合了客观测量和主观测量的优点,使用信息融合的方法使测量结果更加合理.     

强度调制型光纤折射率传感器的设计与研究

研制了一种基于菲涅耳反射原理的测量液体折射率的光纤传感器.该传感器采用普通FC/PC尾纤插头作为传感头.整个实验系统需要的元件少、光路简单.讨论了测量的基本原理和数据处理方法.采用相对强度的数据处理方法,有效地消除了光源不稳定性和光路中各种损耗所带来的误差,提高了系统的测量准确度.实验结果表明,测量准确度能够达到10－4 量级,并且适合微量液体的测量.该测量方法还可扩展到固体、气体和其它与折射率相关参量的测量.     

白光和红绿蓝光LED可调光源研制

为了提高LED光源色温和亮度的调节精度和准确度,结合色温由低向高变化时光色所呈现的渐变特点,提出了一种低色温白光LED灯珠、高色温白光LED灯珠加红绿蓝光LED灯珠补偿式调光的方法.将色温分成三个部分进行调节,每个部分选用不同的LED灯珠组合来进行调光.实验结果表明:不同组合情况下的LED光源的初始输出色温相对于目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;亮度可以在保证色温不变的情况下独立进行调节,初始输出值与目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;经过微调之后可以达到目标值;达到了色温和亮度独立调节的要求;光源发光稳定,不会因为长时间工作而影响调节精度.     

Visualization and interferometry for cylindrical and spherical sample tomography and profilometry

A technique combining image processing and laser interferometry for visualizing and detecting the deformation of transparent cylindrical and spherical sample is proposed. This deformation includes geometric deformation such as volume transition in profilometry and physical deformation such as refractive index change in tomography. Phase contour lines are used for quantitative analysis and graphical representation of the deformation. This method allows us to visually detect the spatial variation of the deformation field and to evaluate the test quality such as misalignment of optical system. A theoretical analysis using phase contour map to characterize the deformation field is described in detail. A method using phase contour map to qualify the interferometric test is proposed. Analysis of test examples is carried out. Suggestions on using phase contour line method to ameliorate test system design are finally discussed.     

Nonlocal potentials and their exact and approximate local and velocity-dependent equivalents

We show that good approximations to the exact equivalent local potential (ELP) and damping factor of a nonlocal Perey-Buck potential can be calculated in the partial wave WKB approximation of Horiuchi. The exact ELP and damping factor are obtained by means of a method previously given by one of us. We also confirm that an approximate ELP proposed by Bauhoff et al. is of comparable accuracy as the Horiuchi approximation. Thesel-dependent ELP's exhibit reduced attraction in the interior and provide a test for higher order WKB approximations. We subsequently obtain an equivalent velocity dependent potential (EVDP) which is even exactly wave function equivalent to the original nonlocal potential. This almost local potential, unlike the trivial equivalent local potential, is smooth and well-behaved and is therefore particularly useful in nuclear reactions where the off-shell behaviour of the potential is important.     

Quantum and Classical Disparity and Accord

Discrepancies and accords between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM) related to expectation values and periods are generally found for both the harmonic oscillator (SHO) and a free particle in a box (FPB), which may apply generally. These indicate non-locality is expected throughout QM. The FPB energy states violate the Correspondence Principle. Previously unexpected accords are found and proven that 〈x ²〉 _CM =〈x ²〉 _QM and τ _CM =τ _QMb (beat period i.e. beats between the phases for adjoining energy states) for the SHO for all quantum numbers, n. However, for the FPB the beat periods differ at small n. It is shown that a particle’s velocity in an infinite square well varies, no matter how wide the box, nor how far the particle is from the walls. The quantum free particle variances share an indirect commonality with the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in the absence of a force. The concept of an “Expectation Value over a Partial Well Width” is introduced. This paper raises the question as to whether these inconsistencies are undetectable, or can be empirically ascertained. These inherent variances may need to be fixed, or nature is manifestly more non-classical than expected.     

Atomic and electronic structures and stability of icosahedral nanodiamonds and onions

The relative stability of alternative carbon nanoparticles with icosahedral symmetry, such as diamond-like nanocrystallites and multiwalled fullerenes (onions), is investigated using the parametric model and the density functional tight-binding (DFTB) method. It is demonstrated that an increase in the size of particles and their hydrogenation favor the stabilization of diamond-like nanocrystallites. The formation of “intermediate” nanostructures consisting of diamond-like nanocrystallites inside the fullerene cage is revealed. The electronic spectra of icosahedral carbon nanoparticles are calculated.     

Carriers and sideband pairs and their analogues in physics and Biology

This is a further development of the author's paper A Unified Theory of Biology and Physics. It is found that male and female in biology, as well as particle and antiparticle in physics, are analogues of symmetrical sideband pairs in communication theory. This gives a new point of view from which to investigate the significance and characteristics of these different paired entities.These findings are intimately related to the fact that there are two transform domains of representation of entities in all the cases involved. They are the somatic and the genetic domains in biology, the configuration domain and the domain of conserved observables in physics, and the time and frequency domains in communication.