Unraveling the Effect of Solvent Additive and Fullerene Component on Morphological Control in Organic Solar Cells

The manipulation of the morphology of the active layers is crucial for improving the performance of organic photovoltaic(OPV)devices. In particular, the development of non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs) has led to a large number of new materials with more complex interactions. Therefore, the investigation on the morphology control mechanism is the key aspect in providing guidance for material design and device optimization. In this study, the film morphology optimization using 1,8-diiodooctane(DIO) a...     

Unraveling the Solvent Effect on Solid-Electrolyte Interphase Formation for Sodium Metal Batteries

Ether-based electrolytes are considered as an ideal electrolyte system for sodium metal batteries (SMBs) due to their superior compatibility with the sodium metal anode (SMA). However, the selection principle of ether solvents and the impact on solid electrolyte interphase formation are still unclear. Herein, we systematically compare the chain ether-based electrolyte and understand the relationship between the solvation structure and the interphasial properties. The linear ether solvent molecules with different terminal group lengths demonstrate remarkably distinct solvation effects, thus leading to different electrochemical performance as well as deposition morphologies for SMBs. Computational calculations and comprehensive characterizations indicate that the terminal group length significantly regulates the electrolyte solvation structure and consequently influences the interfacial reaction mechanism of electrolytes on SMA. Cryogenic electron microscopy clearly reveals the difference in solid electrolyte interphase in various ether-based electrolytes. As a result, the 1,2-diethoxyethane-based electrolyte enables a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.9 %, which also realizes the stable cycling of Na||Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ full cell with a mass loading of ≈9 mg cm⁻² over 500 cycles.     

有机相中脂肪酶催化糖酯合成的研究

研究了有机相中脂肪酶催化以单糖和乙酸乙烯酯或乙酸酐为底物的糖脂合成反应。建立了定性、定量检测糖酯的方法，考察了７种脂肪酶催化糖酯合成的活力，发现来自假单孢菌属的ＰＳＬ１的活力最高。研究了ＰＳＬ１对不同单糖底物的选择性，发现对甘露醇的选择性最好，转化率可达９５％。研究了反应体系中的含水量对糖酯合成的影响，探讨了酶浓度和温度对反应的影响。     

Organic Phase Synthesis of Ethyl Oleate Using Lipases Produced by Solid-state Fermentation

This paper reports a study of the enzymatic esterification of oleic acid and ethanol. The reaction was catalyzed by lipases produced by solid-state fermentation with Rhizopus sp. Olive oil and perlite were used as an inducer and inert support, respectively. Synthesis of ethyl oleate was carried out in a 10-mL batch reactor with magnetic stirring. The effects of substrate ratios, biocatalyst concentration, and temperature on the reaction rate and conversion efficiency were evaluated. The highest reaction rate (1.64 mmol/L min) was reached with an oleic acid/ethanol mol ratio of 1:5 (oleic acid 50 mM:ethanol 250 mM) and 1 g of biocatalyst. Conversions approaching 100% were obtained after 60 min of reaction at 45 degrees C with n-hexane as a solvent. The initial reaction rate increased proportionally with respect to biocatalyst concentration, which suggests that the reaction rate was not controlled by mass transfer. The biocatalyst retained more than 80% of its catalytic activity after 7 months of storage at 4 degrees C. The results demonstrate that the biocatalyst produced by Rhizopus sp. in solid-state fermentation can be successfully used for ethyl oleate synthesis over short reaction periods under conditions when ethanol is in excess.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法分析中有机溶剂效应

综述近年来电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法分析中有机溶剂效应,内容包括有机溶剂对等离子体物理特性的影响,有机溶剂对等离子体雾化进样系统的影响,有机溶剂对等离子体光谱特性的影响以及有机溶剂效应干扰消除,引用文献41篇.     

1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮在有机合成中的应用

综述了新溶剂１,３－二甲基－２－咪唑啉酮在有机合成中的应用,如高分子聚合物、杂环化合物和有机金属化合物等的合成。参考文献２２篇。     

离子色谱法测定有机溶剂中痕量阴离子

采用阴离子交换分离,化学抑制模式,对甲醇、乙腈、异丙醇等有机溶剂中的阴离子进行测定。将有 机溶剂稀释一倍直接进样可以测定Cl-、NO-3、SO2-4,在一定的色谱条件下,3种阴离子都具有很好的线性和 较低的检出限。甲醇中Cl-、NO-3、SO2-43种离子的检出限分别是1.1、3.2和4.9μg/L,乙腈中分别是1.4、 7.1和16.5μg/L,异丙醇中分别是1.2、8.1和25.6μg/L。采用化学抑制模式的离子色谱法是一种检测有机 物中阴离子的高效、准确的方法。     

溶剂交换法制备一维有机纳米材料

利用溶剂交换法制备了几种有机小分子化合物的一维纳米材料,并分别用SEM、TEM、XRD等对其结构进行了表征.分析了纳米材料的生长过程,讨论了有关的机理,并研究了其吸收光谱和荧光光谱等光物理行为.结果显示,有机纳米结构的形貌和尺寸对分子聚集体的光谱性质具有调制作用,使得它们展示出不同于溶液和体材料的优良纳米特性.     

Au纳米粒子在有机溶剂中的电导行为

采用化学方法制备出粒径约10nm的Au纳米粒子,分别用十二、十四和十六烷基硫醇对Au粒子表面进行修饰,再溶入不同有机溶剂中,制备得到Au纳米粒子/氯仿和Au纳米粒子/甲苯溶液.测试了不同溶液的电导率随溶质浓度的变化规律,发现在整个浓度范围内存在一个临界浓度值.当溶质浓度低于临界浓度值时,溶液的电导率随溶质浓度的增加而迅速增加;而当溶质浓度超过临界浓度值时,溶液电导率的增加缓慢.在本文测试的浓度范围内,当Au纳米粒子分别被十二、十四和十六烷基硫醇修饰时,Au纳米粒子/氯仿溶液的临界浓度值分别约为11.22,7.96和5.47g/L.在相同浓度下,Au纳米粒子外面包裹的烷基硫醇的链长越短,其溶液的电导率越大.在整个浓度范围内,Au纳米粒子/氯仿溶液的电导率均高于Au纳米粒子/甲苯溶液的电导率.     

环丁砜溶剂在某些有机化合物合成中的应用

研究了环丁砜溶剂在Ｎ－丁基－３－氰基－４－甲基－６－羟基吡啶－２－酮的合成和由５－硝基靛红－３－肟热解合成２－氰基－４－硝基苯胺中的应用     

Stability of Colloids in Chemically Reacting Network-Forming Solvent

We consider a model for a two-component solution which consists of a chemically reacting solvent and a chemically inert hard-sphere solute. A directional associative interaction between the solvent molecules promotes the formation of a network. A multidensity associative Ornstein-Zernike equation is solved analytically using the Percus-Yevick approximation. On the basis of the analysis of the osmotic compressibility, an instability curve for different parameters of the model dispersion is constructed. It is shown that concentration and size of colloids affect the formation of associative complexes in a solvent and directs in such a way the location and behavior of the spinodal curves. The effective interaction between colloids is calculated and discussed. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.     

Water and Organic Solvent Adducts on Metal Chelates

Abstract

The number of water and organic solvent molecule adducts surrounding several ligands and metal chelates were determined in both the aqueous and organic phases. Data is presented to show that these adducts change in number during an extraction.     

有机相中的酶促拆分过程

总结了有机溶剂中的酶催化研究进展, 讨论了影响有机溶剂中酶促不对称转化过程对映体选择性的因素和拆分动力学。     

有机溶剂中脂肪酶催化酯交换反应的研究

对几种有机溶剂中猪胰脂肪酸催化的酯交换反应进行了研究，详细考察了反应温度、反应时间、反应物摩尔比、反应物中水含量和不同溶剂对反应性能的影响。结果表明：1．反应温度在313K左右时酶显示出最高催化活性。2．在实验条件下，反应进行72h后，转化率不再随反应时间的延长而变化，即反应达到平衡。3．酯／醇摩尔比的增大对反应转化率的影响较小。4．反应系统中水含量为0．5％－1．3％时，酶的催化活性最高。5．酶的催化活性随溶剂极性增大而降低。     

为什么碘在不同的有机溶剂中颜色不同?

碘在CS2、CCl4中是紫色的,而在苯、乙醇、丙酮等给予体溶剂中为棕色,这是什么原因呢? 碘分子在CS2、CCl4非极性溶剂中的紫色与I2蒸气分子的颜色相同,经研究证明在这些溶液中有双聚体,存在下列平衡: 2I2⇔I4紫色是由I2分子的吸收光谱所造成。     

Comparison of Common Solvent Evaporation Techniques in Organic Analysis

Abstract

Isolation of organic constituents from water frequently involves an extraction with a large volume of organic solvent which must be reduced to achieve the desired sensitivity. The objective of this research was to evaluate common solvent evaporation techniques to determine which are acceptable for use in pollutant analysis. Techniques for solvent reduction from 200 to 10 mL (macro) and 8 to 0.2 mL (micro) were evaluated. The macro concentration technques included Kuderna-Danish (K-D) concentration, rotary evaporation, evaporation on a hot plate in an Erlen-meyer flask, and heated nitrogen blowdown in an Erlenmeyer flask. The micro techniques included micro K-D concentration, nitrogen blowdown, and nitrogen blowdown with a modified Snyder column. A series of model compounds covering a wide range of boiling points (108° to 323°C) and polarity was used. Based upon recovery efficiency alone, nitrogen blowdown was significantly superior to the other macro techniques; however, its extreme slowness gave K-D the highest Figure of Merit. With methylene chloride as the solvent, nitrogen blowdown with a column was the superior technique.     

有机溶剂中联苯和联三苯的电化学氧化聚合

应用电化学石英晶体微天平和反射光谱电化学方法研究了 0 .10molL 1四氟硼酸化四丁铵 二氯甲烷溶液中联苯和联三苯在铂电极上的氧化聚合 .结果表明 ,联苯和联三苯经氧化后在溶液中偶合成聚合物 ,生成的聚合物沉积在铂电极表面 .聚合反应是通过单体氧化后生成的自由基离子偶合进行的 .聚合物的生成量与单体氧化生成的自由基离子的量有关 .由于联三苯的氧化电位低于联苯 ,因此在相同的实验条件下前者在铂电极上的聚合沉积速度较快 .聚合过程的吸收光谱红移说明随着电解的进行 ,氧化的联苯和联三苯的自由基离子聚合成长链的聚合物     

Solute–Solvent Interactions of Flavonoids in Organic Solvents

The diffusion coefficients of one flavone and five isoflavones in methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, and acetonitrile were measured at 25°C by the Taylor–Aris dispersion method. The observed variations of the D values were interpreted in terms of solute–solvent hydrogen-bond interactions and the interpretation was supported by molecular dynamics simulations of two solutes in methanol.