会仙喀斯特湿地水生植物慈姑微量元素及营养成分分析

应用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)和氨基酸分析仪等仪器测定了桂林会仙喀斯特湿地野生水生植物慈姑中微量元素,氨基酸以及常规营养成分含量在其地上植株和球茎中的分布差异。结果表明,慈姑含有丰富的营养成分,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、黄酮、蔗糖、葡萄糖、总淀粉、不溶性膳食纤维、可溶性膳食纤维、总膳食纤维和微生素C,均表现为球茎部位地上植株。15种微量元素中,除Ca、K、Zn和Mn表现为地上植株球茎部之外,Mg、Na、Fe、Cu、Cd、Li、Ni、Cr、Pb和Hg元素含量均表现为球茎部地上植株,As元素未检测出。慈姑地上植株和球茎中含有18种丰富的游离氨基酸,蛋氨酸含量最高,除苏氨酸、缬氨酸、酪氨酸和脯氨酸含量在地上植株高于球茎部之外,其他14种游离氨基酸含量均为球茎部地上植株。会仙喀斯特湿地野生水生植物慈姑可适合作为药食两用植物来进行引种驯化和人工繁育栽培,通过资源化利用,具有很大的潜在经济效益。     

耐高盐碱蓬对湿地土壤中金属元素的富集特征研究

基于秦皇岛滨海湿地人工种植耐高盐碱蓬修复工程试验,通过分析湿地土壤沉积物及耐高盐碱蓬中不同金属元素的含量与变化,研究了耐高盐碱蓬对金属元素的富集特征。结果显示:湿地沉积物中Fe、Mn、Cr、Pb和Zn的浓度较高,分别为8 210. 94、110. 04、8. 78、8. 25、10. 95 mg/kg,Cd的浓度最低,平均值为0. 022 mg/kg,湿地试验区土壤中同一金属元素变异程度较小,分布较均匀。碱蓬体内重金属含量根据采集地点的不同有差异,但与各站位中土壤的重金属分布特征存在正相关性;其中碱蓬内Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu的平均含量相对较高,且Fe、Mn、Ni、Cu、As、Cd、Pb元素在碱蓬根中的平均含量高于茎叶,而Cr在茎中的平均含量最高,Zn和Mo在叶中的含量最高。碱蓬的根、茎、叶对Cd的富集效果最好,其次为Mo、Cu,对Fe、Mn、Zn、As和Pb的富集效果相对较差,说明碱蓬对沉积物中不同金属元素的富集移出率存在差异。金属元素在碱蓬中的转移系数研究表明,Mo、Zn、Cd和Mn等元素可由根部转移到叶中,而Fe、Ni、Pb、As和Cu等金属元素固定在根部,该研究可为利用碱蓬修复湿地重金属污染提供理论基础。     

藏药材麻花秦艽中砷汞铅镉含量分析

对青海省内采集的麻花秦艽中的元素砷、汞、铅、镉的含量进行了分析测定。结果表明,麻花秦艽中四种元素含量较低,并且各部位含量差异较大,其中基部茎叶含量较高,入药部位根部最少,为以后的开发利用提供了基础数据。     

野生唐古特大黄矿物元素含量特征

对比青海果洛境内野生唐古特大黄中10种矿物质元素含量特征,用原子吸收光谱法分析了其常量元素K、 Na、 Ca、 Mg 、 P及微量元素Cu、 Zn、 Fe、 Mn、 Al含量。结果表明,唐古特大黄根部与其土壤环境呈现出不同的矿物质元素含量特征,植物中Na、 Ca和P总体表现出富集趋势。矿物质元素含量在不同居群的差异,提示在不同的生境条件下唐古特大黄对矿物质元素采取选择性吸收。     

青海达坂山地区高山植物中重金属元素分布特征

分析了青海达坂山地区16种高山植物重金属元素含量。结果表明，9种重金属元素中Cr、Ni、CO3种含量高于陆生植物的正常含量值；Hg含量极少，在检测限以下；其余5种含量正常；同种元素含量种间差异不大，不同植物对于同种元素的累积比较均一，各种植物对As、Se、Sb3种元素的富集能力高于其它元素；植物中CO与Cr、Sb；Pb与Cd之间有很好的协同作用，而Se与Co、Cd、Sb有明显的拈抗作用。相关分析的结果表明，植物对重金属元素的吸收受土壤元素含量的影响。     

青藏高原3种秦艽组植物微量元素比较分析

利用全谱直读等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了3种秦艽组植物10种微量元素(Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,Ni,Co,Sn,V,Al,Ti)的含量,并进行了比较分析。结果表明,所测定元素在3个不同物种内的含量排列顺序基本一致,显示了三者在元素富集方面的相似性。就同一种元素在3个物种内的富集水平而言,以麻花艽根部具有较高含量的元素Cu,Zn,Co,Al和Ti,管花秦艽根部则大量富集了其余5种微量元素,达乌里秦艽对元素的吸收积累能力居中,揭示了不同物种对同一元素富集能力的差异。该研究可为秦艽类植物资源的深入开发利用提供参考。     

细菌纤维素的最新研究进展

纤维素是地球上含量最丰富的天然高分子材料,可分为植物纤维素和细菌纤维素两类.和植物纤维素相比,细菌纤维素具有更高的纯度和更好的性能.细菌纤维素具有多孔的纳米网状结构、高聚合度、高纯度、高结晶度、优异的力学性能和生物相容性等优点,作为一种天然可再生高分子材料,近年来备受关注.本综述介绍了制备细菌纤维素的主要方法,归纳总结...     

青海省西宁种植山莨菪中重金属元素特征

青海地道中藏药材山莨菪人工引种栽培试验成功。采集两年生和三年生种植山莨菪在不同生长期的植物全植株,采用流动注射氢化法原子吸收光谱分别测试了其不同组织中铅、砷、汞、镉等重金属元素含量。结果表明,山莨菪在生长周期内吸收的重金属元素并非全部蓄积在根组织器官中,部分重金属元素通过年生长周期内的生长发育而随着地上茎叶部分等组织器官的枯萎被代谢排出植物体外。     

水葫芦基保水剂的制备

利用水葫芦中的纤维素,以过硫酸钾为引发剂,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用复合引发剂体系制备出土壤改良用途的水葫芦基保水剂。考察了单体用量、引发剂用量和交联剂用量对保水剂的吸水吸盐性能的影响。结果表明,以水葫芦为原料,与单体AA进行接枝共聚制备水葫芦基保水剂的最优单体与纤维素的质量比为12∶1,最优引发剂KPS用量为单体质量的0.6%,最优交联剂NMBA用量为单体质量的0.12%,制得的树脂吸水吸盐性能最优。     

青海歧穗大黄及其生长土壤中9种无机元素含量特征

为对比青海高原境内不同生境歧穗大黄中9种无机元素含量特征,用原子吸收光谱法分析了其宏量元素K、Na、Ca、Mg、P及微量元素Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn含量。结果表明,青海歧穗大黄植物与其土壤环境呈现出不同的无机元素含量特征,但一致表现为Ca和P在植物的富集,且植物中P含量随海拔升高而明显增加,Zn含量随海拔升高而增加。     

有害杂草的微量元素分析

紫茎泽兰和水葫芦均属有害杂草，大规模防治的有效方法还未找到，本文分析研究了采自昆明郊区的紫茎泽兰和滇池水域的水葫芦中微量元素的含量，为进一步开发利用这两种杂草提供科学依据。     

Pretreatment studies of cellulose wastes for optimization of cellulase enzyme activity

The composition of cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, lignin, pectin, protein, and total lipid content in the selected cellulosic wastes-tapioca (Manihot esculenta) stem, leaf, petiole, and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) were determined. The effectiveness of various physical and chemical pretreatments on the enzymatic digestibility of these wastes were identified. In general, chemical pretreatments were more effective than physical pretreatments. The efficiency of the pretreatment was checked by subjecting these wastes to enzymatic saccharification after the pretreatments.     

藏药材麻花艽中铜锌铁锰含量分析

采用ICP-AES法对青海省内采集的麻花艽中的铜、锌、铁、锰的含量进行了测定。结果表明,麻花艽中四种元素含量丰富,各部位含量差异较大,其中基部茎部含量较高,入药部位根部次之,为以后的开发利用提供了基础数据。     

野生,园栽月见草中营养元素的比较分析

采用荧光法和ＡＡＳ法测定野生、园栽月见草和根下土壤中１０种营养元素，其含量各异，且因部位不同而异；所测元素加和量，野生：叶〉茎〉种子〉花〉种子壳〉根；园栽：种子〉叶〉种子壳〉花〉根〉茎；部位加和量均值，野生高于园栽月见草，并与土壤背景值相关。     

Determination of lignans,phenolic acids and antioxidant capacity in transformed hairy root culture of Linum usitatissimum

Hairy root culture is a promising alternative method for the production of secondary metabolites. In this study, transformed root of Linum usitatissimum was established using Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 strain from root cultures for lignans, phenolic acids and antioxidant capacity determination. Total lignin content (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol) was 55.5% higher in transformed root cultures than in the non-transformed root culture. Secoisolariciresinol was detected in higher concentration (2.107 μmol/g DM) in the transformed root culture than non-transformed culture (1.099 μmol/g DM). Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and matairesinol were exclusively detected in the transformed root culture, but were not found in the non-transformed root culture. The overall production of phenolic acids in transformed roots was approximately 3.5 times higher than that of the corresponding non-transformed culture. Free radical scavenging DPPH˙ and ABTS˙⁺ assays showed 2.9-fold and 1.76-fold higher anti-oxidant activity in transformed root culture as compared to non-transformed.     

Determination of agrochemical compounds in soya plants by imaging matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry

Detection and imaging of the herbicide mesotrione (2-(4-mesyl-2-nitrobenzoyl)cyclohexane-1,3-dione) and the fungicide azoxystrobin (methyl (E)-2-{2-[6-(2-cyanophenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yloxy]phenyl}-3-methoxyacrylate), on the surface of the soya leaf, and the detection and imaging of azoxystrobin inside the stem of the soya plant, have been achieved using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In leaf analysis experiments, the two pesticides were deposited onto the surface of individual soya leaves on growing plants. The soya leaves were removed and prepared for direct and indirect (following blotting onto matrix-coated cellulose membranes) imaging analysis at different periods after initial pesticide application. In stem analysis experiments, azoxystrobin was added to the nutrient solution of a soya plant growing in a hydroponics system. The plant was left for 48 h, and then horizontal and vertical stem sections were prepared for direct imaging analysis. The images obtained demonstrate the applicability of MALDI imaging to the detection and imaging of small organic compounds in plant tissue and further extend the analytical repertoire of the versatile MALDI technique.     

Space-resolved analysis of trace elements in fresh vegetables using ultraviolet nanosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been applied to analyze trace elements contained in fresh vegetables. A quadrupled Nd:YAG laser is used in the experiments for ablation. Analyzed samples come from local markets and represent frequently consumed vegetables. For a typical root vegetable, such as potato, spectral analysis of the plasma emission reveals more than 400 lines emitted by 27 elements and 2 molecules, C₂ and CN. Among these species, one can find trace as well as ultra-trace elements. A space-resolved analysis of several trace elements with strong emissions is then applied to typical root, stem and fruit vegetables. The results from this study demonstrate the potential of an interesting tool for botanical and agricultural studies as well for food quality/safety and environment pollution assessment and control.     

洋槐叶和槐花中营养成分分析的研究

用现代仪器分析方法对洋槐花和槐叶中蛋白质、还原糖、总糖、抗坏血酸、氨基态氮含量及微量元素含量进行了测试,并对其作为饲料的价值进行了分析。结果显示,洋槐花和槐叶作为饲料资源具有良好的应用前景。     

Evaluation of N2 fixation by stem and root nodules in sesbania rostrata during rainy and dry months

Sesbania rostrata is the most popular green manure legumes in Tamilnadu, India.S. rostrata produces both stem and root nodules. Until this time, no experiments had been performed to assess the superiority of one kind of nodule over the other. The levels of nitrogenous compounds, like nitrite, nitrate, total nitrogen, free amino acids, total soluble proteins, total allantoin, total allantoic acid, and total ureides, were determined in both the stem and root nodules during rainy and dry seasons. During the rainy season, the stem nodules possessed heavy deposition of these N-containing compounds than the root nodules. On the other hand, during the dry season, the root nodules accumulated substantial levels of these nitrogenous compounds. In a similar way, the activities of nitrogenase and nitrate reductase were higher in stem nodules during the rainy season, and the trend was reversed during the dry season, the root nodules having more nitrogenase and nitrate reductase. In consonance with the higher activities of enzymes and gorging of nitrogenous compounds, calorific values were more in the stem nodules during the rainy season. The activities of oxygen scavenging enzymes were higher in stem nodules during the dry season, possibly indicating their role in alleviation of H₂O₂ and O ₂ ^- city to the nodules. As regards rhizobial population, the root nodules always contained moreRhizobia than that of the stem nodules. The efficiency of the stem and root nodules to fix more nitrogen and synthesize nitrogenous compounds is seasonal. In the dry season, the entire role of N₂-fixation seemed to be borne by root noduleRhizobia only, since stem nodules during this period are hardly formed and sparsely distributed.