Characteristic Analysis of Bending Coupling Between Two Optical Waveguides

By means of the coupled mode theory and transfer matrix technique, a method is presented for analyzing the bending coupling between straight and bent rectangular waveguides, or between two bent rectangular waveguides. Calculations show that an effective coupling region exists around the central coupling point, in which the bending coupling appears, beyond which the bending coupling is very weak, and the propagation power in each waveguide becomes constant. When the bending radius becomes larger or the central coupling gap becomes smaller, this effective coupling region becomes wider, in which the coupling behavior becomes stronger.     

组合型TM01-TE11弯形圆波导模式转换器研究

 研究了组合型TM₀₁-TE₁₁弯形圆波导模式转换器（两弯曲段中间加一段直圆波导），在保持其输出与输入端口轴线平行的前提下，分别从理论推导、数值计算、软件模拟三个方面对此结构进行了分析，模拟结果与数值计算结果吻合得很好。结果表明：计及功率损耗，频率为3.75 GHz，铜波导内径为9.0 cm，轴向间距为10.57 m时，模式转换器总的功率转换效率为93.8%。     

弯曲波导研究进展及其应用

本文主要分析了弯曲波导损耗机理,包括传输损耗、辐射损耗、模式转换损耗。重点综述了设计低损耗弯曲波导的方法,包括波导材料、弯曲波导的曲线形状、波导种类、脊型波导的宽度、脊高、弯曲半径、模场分布、弯曲波导曲线形状和其他新型波导结构等。简要概括了近年来设计和制备低损耗弯曲波导的代表性工作。介绍了弯曲波导在集成光学中的应用。通过对弯曲波导的损耗及耦合机制理论的不断完善,实现光在较小弯曲半径的低损耗传输,从而提高集成光学的集成度是弯曲波导今后的发展趋势。     

基于波导间能量耦合效应的光子晶体频段选择与能量分束器

基于波导间能量耦合效应的光子晶体功率分束器具有结构紧凑、带宽较宽、弯曲损耗低、分光角度大和不受外界电磁场干扰等优点.本文利用时域有限差分方法,理论研究了二维三角晶格光子晶体耦合波导的功率分束特性,设计得出了一种能够在宽频谱范围内针对不同频率区间实现不同分光比的功能器件.在此基础上通过改变耦合区介质柱形状以及输出分支波导与能量耦合波导的连接位置,最终针对三个相邻频率范围内的入射光信号,较好地实现了三均分、二均分、单一输出通道这3种能量分配输出模式.该功能器件具有透过率对比度高、结构紧凑等特性,对于发展全光功能器件在大规模全光复杂集成领域内的实际应用具有一定的促进作用.     

Optimization and analysis of series-coupled microring resonator arrays

In terms of the coupled mode theory and transfer matrix technique, novel formulas of the amplitude coupling ratios and transfer functions are presented for a series-coupled microring resonator (MRR) array. By using these formulas, parameters are optimized, and transmission characteristics including the transmission spectrum and the insertion loss are analyzed for a SiN/SiO₂ series-coupled MRR array on Si substrate. The box-like spectral response is successfully obtained owing to the proper selection of the amplitude coupling ratio between the channel and the ring, and that between adjacent rings, as well as the number of series-coupled rings.     

平板波导谐振腔耦合损失的厄米高斯展开分析法

平板波导内的场按自由空间传播的厄米高斯函数展开，计算了平板波导谐振腔的耦合损失，给出了平板波导中ＥＨ１１模的耦合损失与球镜的曲率及位置的关系。结果表明存在两种特定的结构使耦合损失最小。     

锥形太赫兹量子级联激光器输出功率与光束特性研究

针对锥形太赫兹量子级联激光器, 利用有限差分波束传播法和速率方程法, 建立了准三维的太赫兹有源器件仿真模型, 能够对具有轴向非线性波导结构的激光器进行模拟. 利用此模型, 研究了锥角大小对激光器输出光功率及光束质量的影响. 仿真结果表明, 考虑到器件之间的光耦合效率, 为了达到最大的有效输出光功率, 锥形太赫兹量子级联激光器的锥角存在一个最优值.     

非平行波导耦合理论研究

利用耦合模理论对非平行波导耦合特性进行了研究，得到了非平行波导的普遍性耦合方程及耦合系数表达式.进一步采用小角度近似，给出了几种情况下的计算结果，并与目前报道的利用其他方法计算的结果做了比较.研究表明，不同方法得到的波导中光功率虽然在远距离处都趋于稳定不变，但稳定功率的大小有明显的差别；另外由新提出方法得到的近距离处光功率随着传输距离的起伏变化更为明显.由于该方法同时考虑了非平行波导中光场相位和振幅对耦合方程和耦合系数的影响，因而所得结果能更全面地反映非平行波导的耦合特性，对实际应用更有意义. 关键词： 非平行波导 耦合方程 耦合系数     

TE mode coupling between end separated buried waveguides: expressions and calculations

In this paper the power coupling expression between two identical axially aligned and spatially separated waveguides is presented. Calculations using the coupling expression for a Gaussian mode profile in the input waveguide produce results that are in excellent agreement with experimental observations.     

An efficient directional coupling from dielectric waveguide to hybrid long-range plasmonic waveguide on a silicon platform

The silicon-based three-dimensional hybrid long-range plasmonic waveguide not only supports long-range propagation distance (~mm) but also has an ultra-small modal area (~10^?2 μm²) at 1.55 μm. Here, we propose a directional coupler for effective coupling from a dielectric slab-waveguide to the hybrid plasmonic waveguide on a silicon platform. Our simulation results show that the coupler is able to excite hybrid long-range plasmonic mode with short coupling length, low insertion loss, and high extinction ratio. With the arm separation of 0.3 μm, the coupling length can be made 5.2 % of the propagation length of the hybrid plasmonic waveguide, while the insertion loss and extinction ratio are ?0.12 and 22.4 dB, respectively. This coupler offers the potential applications in signal routing between the hybrid long-range plasmonic waveguide and dielectric waveguide in the photonic integrated circuits.     

1×7锥形混合棒塑料光纤耦合器

利用光线追迹法进行数值仿真得到了锥形混合棒塑料光纤耦合器的分光比与其长度的关系.数值仿真表明:这种耦合器的分光比随锥形光波导长度增加,在0.143(即均分处)上下呈振荡型变化.选择一均分且分光比变化平缓的区域作为制作光波导的长度,通过拉伸粗的光波导棒成锥形且达到所需的长度,并采用精密的机械连接,制作出了1×7塑料光纤耦合器.测试数据表明:这种塑料光纤耦合器具有很高的均匀性.     

A Simple and Effective Method for Calculating the Bending Loss and Phase Enhancement of a Bent Planar Waveguide

A simple and effective method is introduced to calculate the bending loss and phase enhancement of a bent planar waveguide. The wave field is represented in terms of Airy functions and an eigenvalue equation is derived by matching the boundary conditions and the radiation condition in the outer cladding layer. The complex propagation constant is obtained by solving the eigenvalue equation with the Newton-Raphson method, and the imaginary part of the propagation constant gives directly the bending loss of the bent waveguide. The results are compared with the previous experimental and numerical results and are shown to be highly accurate and effective. The phase enhancement due to the bending is also studied.     

Simulation on effect of poloidal power spectrum on lower hybrid wave propagation

The coupling of lower hybrid wave to the plasma is a crucial issue for efficient current drive in tokamaks. This paper establishes a new coupling model which assumes the antenna to be a curved face and the plasma to be a cylinder. Power spectrum considering the coupling between wave-guides in both poloidal and toroidal direction is simply estimated and discussed. The effect of the poloidal wave vector on wave propagation, power deposition and driven current is also investigated with the help of lower hybrid current drive code. Results show that the poloidal wave vector affects the ray tracing, and also has effect on power deposition and driven current. The effect of the poloidal wave vector on power deposition and driven current profile depends on plasma parameters. Preliminary studies suggest that it seems possible to control the current profile by adjusting the poloidal phase difference between the waveguide in poloidal direction.     

Dynamics of an optical signal in a multimode waveguide structure

A mathematical model of linear dynamic distortions of average signal power in a planar optical waveguide stemming from the intermodal coupling and dispersion of waveguide modes caused by macroscopic bends and irregularities of the optical waveguide surface has been developed on the basis of pulse intermodal scattering matrix. It is shown that the elements of this matrix are determined at a waveguide segment whose length greatly exceeds the correlation scale of the field of irregularities but is much smaller than the normalization length of waveguide modes and are described by rectangular functions with a duration proportional to the relative velocity of the corresponding modes. The dependences of the pulse intermodal scattering matrix on the intensities of absorption, Rayleigh scattering, and optical signal scattering from waveguide irregularities have been established. It is shown that, at waveguide lengths exceeding the normalization length, the optical signal shape becomes almost stable and can be expressed in terms of the pulse characteristic of an integrating circuit. It has been established that irregularities of the film in a bent optical waveguide lead not only to additional attenuation but also to enhancement of multimode distortion. A matrix method is proposed for taking into account these distortions, which is based on the effect of equalization (scrambling) of the signal energy over the spectrum of the bent waveguide modes. The model developed was used to process the experimental data on the dynamics of a signal in a weakly guiding multimode polymer optical fiber in order to estimate the parameters of attenuation and irregularities of the waveguide surface.     

Uniformly valid solution for acoustic propagation in weakly tapered circular waveguides: liquid jet example

The propagation of ultrasound down laminar liquid jets has potential applications to the stimulation of liquid drop production [J. B. Lonzaga, C. F. Osterhoudt, D. B. Thiessen, and P. L. Marston, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121, 3323-3330 (2007)] as well as to the coupling of ultrasound to objects through contact with a jet. In normal gravity, a jet issuing from a nozzle becomes tapered as the jet accelerates downward. A uniformly valid solution for the acoustic propagation in a weakly tapered, liquid jet waveguide in air with a turning point is derived using Langer's transformation and the method of multiple scales. The loss of energy from transmission into the air and from thermal viscous absorption is neglected. A solvability condition is used to obtain the leading-order correction due to the taper of the waveguide. This asymptotic solution is validated using finite-element numerical calculations. The ultrasonic wave amplitude is enhanced in the region of the jet close to the cutoff of the excited mode.     

三角结构三芯光子晶体光纤中的模式耦合特性分析

基于耦合模理论,得出了三角结构三芯光子晶体光纤(TTC-PCF)的耦合模方程.数值模拟研究了该结构中纤芯间的定向耦合特性,分析了光纤结构及入射波长对耦合系数的影响以及入射光振幅比对纤芯间能量耦合特性的影响.结果表明,通过调节入射光振幅比可实现对纤芯间耦合强度的连续调节.对比了耦合模理论与束传播法得到的结果,两者表现出很好的一致性.结合TTC-PCF展现的独特耦合传输性能,讨论了其在耦合强度连续可调光纤定向耦合器和大模场光纤激光器的设计与制备等方面的可能应用前景.     

Dislocation Coupling-Induced Transition of Synchronization in Two-Layer Neuronal Networks

The mutual coupling between neurons in a realistic neuronal system is much complex, and a two-layer neuronal network is designed to investigate the transition of electric activities of neurons. The Hindmarsh-Rose neuron model is used to describe the local dynamics of each neuron, and neurons in the two-layer networks are coupled in dislocated type. The coupling intensity between two-layer networks, and the coupling ratio (Pro), which defines the percentage involved in the coupling in each layer, are changed to observe the synchronization transition of collective behaviors in the two-layer networks. It is found that the two-layer networks of neurons becomes synchronized with increasing the coupling intensity and coupling ratio (Pro) beyond certain thresholds. An ordered wave in the first layer is useful to wake up the rest state in the second layer, or suppress the spatiotemporal state in the second layer under coupling by generating target wave or spiral waves. And the scheme of dislocation coupling can be used to suppress spatiotemporal chaos and excite quiescent neurons.     

Effect of ring spacing on spectral response of parallel-cascaded microring resonator arrays

In terms of the coupled mode theory and transfer matrix technique, novel formulas of the amplitude coupling ratio and transfer functions are presented for a parallel-cascaded microring resonator array (PCMRR). By using these formulas, effects of structural parameters, especially the ring spacing, on the spectral response are analyzed for this kind of polymer device. The box-like spectral response is successfully obtained due to the proper selection of the ring spacing, amplitude coupling ratio and the number of rings.     

水平变化波导中的简正波耦合与能量转移

针对海底地形水平变化对声场能量传播和声场干涉结构的影响,对简正波之间的耦合和能量转移进行了研究.建立了一种二维大步长格式的耦合简正波模型和三维楔形波导耦合简正波模型,以便快速有效地分析简正波之间的耦合和能量转移.基于耦合简正波模型,阐述了前向声场能量在水平变化波导中传播时的转移过程.并根据射线简正波理论,解释了海底地形变化对声场能量分布的影响机理.水平变化波导中声场的仿真计算表明,当本征值虚部发生剧烈变化时声场存在着较强的简正波耦合和能量转移,且海底地形变化将导致声场能量的水平传播方向偏转至海水深度增加的方向.在声场能量转移和传播方向变化中,声场的能量趋于保留在波导中而不向海底泄漏.同时,声场能量分布受到类似于压缩或稀疏的作用,从而形成椭圆状的干涉结构.     

尘埃等离子体中朗缪尔波的非线性调制

研究了尘埃等离子体中尘埃声波（ＤＡＷ）和尘埃离子声波（ＤＩＡＷ）对朗缪尔波的非线性调制。在小而有限振幅极限下,得到了朗缪尔波的包络孤立子。对于朗缪尔波与尘埃声波的非线性耦合,包络孤立子存在两个速度传播区;而对于与尘埃离子声波的耦合,只有一个传播区