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1.
Summary Using 1-chloromethyl-2,2,2,4,4,4-hexafluoro-3-methyl-1,3,25,45-diazadiphosphetidine as starting material for nucleophilic reactions, the following new compounds were prepared: 2,2,2,4,4-pentafluoro-4-methoxy-1-propyl-3-methyl-1,3,25,45-diazadiphosphetidine, 1-benzyl-2,2,2,4,4-pentafluoro-4-methoxy-3-methyl-1,3,25,45-diazadiphosphetidine, and 1-benzyl-2,2,2,4,4-pentafluoro-4-methylamino-3-methyl-1,3,25,45-diazadiphosphetidine
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2.
A turbidimetric analysis of particle interaction in latex suspensions is given. The turbidity measured at different wavelengths can be rendered by the product of an integrated form factorQ(2) and a suitably defined integrated structure factorZ(2,c). This factorization rests on the expansion of the form factor of the particlesP(q) and the structure factorS(q) [q=(4/)sin(/2); : scattering angle] of the system in even powers ofq. The accuracy of this approximation has been shown by calculating the turbidity for a system of hard spheres in terms of the Percus-Yevick structure factor by numerical integration. Also, the effect of polydispersity has been taken into account within the frame of Percus-Yevick-Vrij theory for non-uniform hard spheres. It is shown that the influence of small polydispersity (standard deviation below 8%) is within experimental uncertainty. The method is applied to precise UV-spectra (400800 nm) obtained from a polystyrene latex with a diameter of 77.4 nm. The integrated structure factorZ(2,c) obtained experimentally can be interpreted in terms of an effective diameter of interaction giving a measure for the strength of electrostatic interaction.  相似文献   

3.
For a crystallographic group acting on ann-dimensional Euclidean space we consider the -invariant linear elliptic differential operatorP with constant coefficients and to it the -automorphic eigenvalue problemP [] + = 0. N() is the number of all eigenvalues smaller than or equal to the frequency bound q (q: order ofP). Earlier we found the asymptotic estimationN() c0 · n + c1 · n–1 (c 0,c 1: certain volumina). Furthermore,N() was interpreted as the number of so-called principal classes of principal lattice vectors within a convex domain. In this paper we demonstrate these results for the casen = 2 for two representative crystallographic groups and the assigned lattices. Above all we demonstrate a counting method for an exact estimation ofN() if a is not too big. In an analogous way we can treat all the 230 space groups of crystallography. It will be seen that these applications are brought about by the so-called principal vectors of these lattices.  相似文献   

4.
(-H)2Os3(,2-(O,N)-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylene-bicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-one oxime)(CO)10 isomeric clusters have been synthesized, separated chromatographically, and investigated by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of one of the isomers has been determined (Enraf-Nonius CAD-4 automatic diffractometer, graphite monochromator, MoK , /2 scan mode at a variable rate). The crystals are monoclinic with unit cell parameters: a = 9.125(2) , b = 13.629(3) , c = 10.098(2) , = 90.16(3)°, V = 1255.8(4) 3, space group P21, Z = 2, composition (-H)2Os3(,2-ONC10H14)(CO)10, d calc = 2.647 g/cm3. The structure is molecular; the planes of the Os3 triangle and the OsONOs bridging ligand are linked according to the butterfly pattern with an angle of 102.0° between the planes. The Os-Os bonds vary within the range 2.840 –2.882 .Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by V. A. Maksakov, N. V. Pervukhina, S. V. Korenev, N. V. Podberezskaya, V. P. Kirin, and A. V. TkachevTranslated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 698–705, July–August, 2004.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.  相似文献   

5.
The crystal and molecular structures of (trans-3,4-diamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-N3, N4)(oxalato-O,O)platinum(II) (C11H20N3O5Pt) are studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystals are monoclinic: a=15.210 , b=7.222 , c=14.520 , =118.14°, Z=4, and space group P21/c. The structure is solved by the direct method and refined by the full-matrix least-squares method in the anisotropic approximation to R=0.05 against 3227 independent reflections (CAD4 automated diffractometer, MoK ). A molecule of the complex is mononuclear with two different bidentate ligands. The coordination of the Pt2+ cation is a distorted square. The crystal contains intermolecular hydrogen bonds.Translated from Koordinatsionnaya Khimiya, Vol. 31, No. 3, 2005, pp. 179–182.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Chekhlov.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.  相似文献   

6.
Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von der Hypothese vonValanis undLandel, nach der die DehnungsenergieW( x , y , z ) als Summe dreier identischer Funktionenw( i ) der Dehnungsverhältnisse i (i=x,y,z) dargestellt werden kann, wird fürw( i ) ein Ausdruck vorgeschlagen, der sich durch seine relative Einfachheit auszeichnet. Es wird gezeigt, daß die mit Hilfe dieses Ausdruckes abgeleiteten Formeln für das Spannungs-Dehnungs-Verhalten von Elastomeren in der Lage sind, Meßdaten anderer Autoren mit guter Genauigkeit wiederzugeben. Untersucht wurden die Beanspruchungsarten einaxialer Zug, biaxialer Zug und reine Scherung mit Dehnungen bis zu ca. 700%.
Summary Based on the hypothesis ofValanis andLandel that the strain-energy functionW( x , y , z ) could be represented as the sum of three identical functionsw( i ) of the principal extension ratios i (i=x,y,z), an expression forw( i ) is suggested which is distinguished by its relative simplicity. The stress-strain relations developed from this expression are tested successfully by applying them to experimental results of other authors. The types of strain which were examined were simple extension, biaxial extension and pure shear; the elongations were to about 700%.


Mit 4 Abbildungen  相似文献   

7.
Surface tension isotherms ofn-alkylthiopolyoxyerhylene glycols:n-C x H2x+1S(CH2CH2O) y H, wherex=5 to 8,y=3 or 4, were approximated with orthogonal polynomials to get good quality values of surface pressure (II) and molar area of the adsorbed layer (). The modified Volmer (*(–0)=Z*R*T) van der Waals and virial equations of state were used to correlate and in terms of real two-dimensional gas. The combination of Volmer and van der Waals equations of state made it possible to determine the interaction energy, , which was prescribed to cohesion of hydrophobic chains in the adsorption layer. The value of for the amphiphiles in question was in the range 0.97–1.91R*T and the average contribution per methylene group was ca. 0.21R*T.The Lennard-Jones potentials calculated from second virial coefficient were of the same range as , but no clear relation was found between their values and number of structure elements of the alkylthiopolyoxyethlene glycols.Presented during 7th International Conference: Surface and Colloid Science, July 7–13, 1991, Compiegne, France  相似文献   

8.
The three copper(II)-arsenates were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions; their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods:Cu3(AsO4)2-III:a=5.046(2) Å,b=5.417(2) Å,c=6.354(2) Å, =70.61(2)°, =86.52(2)°, =68.43(2)°,Z=1, space group ,R=0.035 for 1674 reflections with sin / 0.90 Å–1.Na4Cu(AsO4)2:a=4.882(2) Å,b=5.870(2) Å,c=6.958(3) Å, =98.51(2)°, =90.76(2)°, =105.97(2)°,Z=1, space group ,R=0.028 for 2157 reflections with sin / 0.90 Å–1.KCu4(AsO4)3:a=12.234(5) Å,b=12.438(5) Å,c=7.307(3) Å, =118.17(2)°,Z=4, space group C2/c,R=0.029 for 1896 reflections with sin / 0.80 Å–1.Within these three compounds the Cu atoms are square planar [4], tetragonal pyramidal [4+1], and tetragonal bipyramidal [4+2] coordinated by O atoms; an exception is the Cu(2)[4+1] atom in Cu3(AsO4)2-III: the coordination polyhedron is a representative for the transition from a tetragonal pyramid towards a trigonal bipyramid. In KCu4(AsO4)3 the Cu(1)[4]O4 square and the As(1)O4 tetrahedron share a common O—O edge of 2.428(5) Å, resulting in distortions of both the CuO4 square and the AsO4 tetrahedron. The two Na atoms in Na4Cu(AsO4)2 are [6] coordinated, the K atom in KCu4(AsO4)3 is [8] coordinated by O atoms.Die drei Kupfer(II)-Arsenate wurden unter Hydrothermalbedingungen gezüchtet und ihre Kristallstrukturen mittels Einkristall-Röntgenbeugungsmethoden ermittelt:Cu3(AsO4)2-III:a = 5.046(2) Å,b = 5.417(2) Å,c = 6.354(2) Å, = 70.61 (2)°, = 86.52(2)°, = 68.43(2)°,Z = 1, Raumgruppe ,R = 0.035 für 1674 Reflexe mit sin / 0.90 Å–1.Na4Cu(AsO4)2:a = 4.882(2) Å,b = 5.870(2) Å,c = 6.958(3) Å, = 98.51(2)°, = 90.76(2)°, = 105.97(2)°,Z = 1, Raumgruppe ,R = 0.028 für 2157 Reflexe mit sin / 0.90 Å–1.KCu4(AsO4)3:a = 12.234(5) Å,b = 12.438(5) Å,c = 7.307(3) Å, = 118.17(2)°,Z = 4, Raumgruppe C2/c,R = 0.029 für 1896 Reflexe mit sin / 0.80 Å–1.Die Cu-Atome in diesen drei Verbindungen sind durch O-Atome quadratisch planar [4], tetragonal pyramidal [4 + 1] und tetragonal dipyramidal [4 + 2]-koordiniert; eine Ausnahme ist das Cu(2)[4 + 1]-Atom in Cu3(AsO4)2-III: Das Koordinationspolyeder stellt einen Vertreter des Übergangs von einer tetragonalen Pyramide zu einer trigonalen Dipyramide dar. In KCu4(AsO4)3 haben das Cu(1)[4]O4-Quadrat und das As(1)O4-Tetraeder eine gemeinsame O—O-Kante von 2.428(5) Å, was eine Verzerrung der beiden Koordinationsfiguren CuO4-Quadrat und AsO4-Tetraeder bedingt. Die zwei Na-Atome in Na4Cu(AsO4)3 sind durch O-Atome [6]-koordiniert, das K-Atom in KCu4(AsO4)3 ist [8]-koordiniert.
Zur Kristallchemie dreier Kupfer (II)-Arsenate: Cu3(AsO4)2-III, Na4Cu(AsO4)2 und KCu4(AsO4)3
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9.
The Smoluchowski equations describe the coalescence of clusters to form larger clusters. If the kernels or rate constants in these equations are homogeneous, meaning thatK j, k = 2 K jk (wherej andk are cluster sizes), it can be shown that the populationsn k approachAk a e - bk for largek and large time, where the constantsa andb depend on the homogeneity parameter. Deviations of observed populations from this formula may be ascribed to magic-number and/or evaporation effects on the kernels. By integrating the Smoluchowski equations numerically for various choices of the kernels, we derive population distributions and show the effects of magic-number clusters and evaporation on the population distribution. Various methods are used to extract the value of, in order to determine the best way to extract the underlying value of from experimental data. Experimental populations for sodium metal clusters are then analyzed according to the same procedure, to extract the homogeneity parameter and explain the patterns in the population distribution.  相似文献   

10.
A crystal structure analysis of the colourless AgSO3NH2 was carried out at room temperature:M=203.95, orthorhombic, Pcab,a=7.809 (2) Å,b=8.067 (2) Å,c=11.682 (3) Å,V=735.9 Å3,Z=8,d x=3.681 Mgm–3,F(000)=760, Mo K, =0.71069 Å (graphite monochromator), =5.77 mm–1,R=4.36% (509 reflections, 56 parameters). The ionic structure shows approximate trigonal bipyramidal coordination around the Ag+-ions.
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11.
The electronic absorption spectra of 22 arylferrocenes and their arylferricenium salts with pentacyanopropenide (PCNP) were recorded. The attemptedHammett correlation of max of the d-d transition bands of arylferrocenes revealed that this band is substituent dependent only for strong electron-withdrawing substituents. Excellent correlation of max of the d-d transition bands with + constants was found in the case of arylferricenium cations. Good correlations of max was also found with theE 1/2 oxidation potentials measured by cyclic voltametry.
Substituentenabhängigkeit des d-d-Überganges in den Elektronenabsorptions-Spektren von Arylferrocenen und entsprechenden Arylferricenium-Salzen
Zusammenfassung Elektronenabsorptions-Spektren von 22 Arylferrocenen und ihren Arylferricenium-Pentacyanopropenid-Salzen wurden gemessen. VersuchteHammett-Korrelationen des längstwelligen d-d-Überganges (max) zeigten, daß diese Bande nur von stark elektronenanziehende Substituenten abhängig ist. Im Fall der Arylferricenium-Kationen wurde eine ausgezeichnete Korrelation zwischen max der d-d-Bande und den +-Konstanten festgestellt. Eine gute Korrelation der max-Werte wurde auch mit denE 1/2 Oxidationspotentialen gefunden, die durch cyclische Voltametrie meßbar sind.
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12.
Zusammenfassung Eine Methode zur Differentialspektrophotometrie durch Modulation eines Monochromators wird beschrieben. Der Monochromator oscilliert mit variabler Bandbreite zwischen 1 und ( 1+). Wenn ( 1+) die Wellenlänge des Absorptionsmaximums ist, erscheint am Photo multiplierausgang einer Sinuswelle, deren Amplitude der Extinktions differenz zwischen 1 und ( 1+) proportional ist. Die Schaltung zur ultralinearen Messung dieser Amplitude ist angegeben und ihre Anwendung mit dem Zweistrahlphotometer Rapidspektroskop gezeigt. Die Empfindlichkeit wird durch die Kombination um den Faktor 10 bis 100 gesteigert. Der Rauschpegel ist bei der Monochromator-Modulationstechnik etwa 10–4 E.Das Differentialspektrum stellt die erste Ableitung eines Spektrums dar und gestattet die genauere Lokalisation von Schultern in steilen Flanken eines Spektrums. Die Kombination der beschriebenen Methode mit der Technik des Rapidspektroskops erlaubt es, dasselbe mit gleichem Erfolg wie ein Dual-Wavelength-Gerät einzusetzen.
Summary A method for differential spectrophotometry by modulation of a single monochromator is described. A single monochromator oscillates with variable bandwidth between 1 and ( 1+ ). If ( 1 + ) is the wavelength at maximal optical density, the photomultiplier output gives a sinus-wave, the amplitude of which is proportional to the optical density difference between 1 and ( 1+). The circuit for ultralinear measurement of this amplitude is described and details of its application with the split-beam spectrophotometer Rapidspektroskop are given. The sensitivity of the entire assembly is increased by a factor of between ten and one hundred. The noise level of the monochromator-modulated technique is about 10–4 optical density units. The differential spectrum represents the first derivative of a spectrum and allows one to determine more exactly the location of shoulders in the slope of a spectrum.The combination of the described method with the techniques of the Rapid spektroskop thus provides facilities which equal those of a dual-wavelength apparatus.
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13.
The limiting conductance of various salts of Na+, Ag+, Cu+, Cu2+ and Ph4As+ in acetonitrile-water (AN-H2O) and pyridine-water (Py–H2O) mixtures are reported. Single ion values are calculated for AN-H2O mixtures using the TATB assumption [o(Ph 4 As +) = o(Ph 4 B )]. The trends observed for the limiting Walden products (o) of the electrolytes and individual ions are discussed in terms of specific ion-solvent interactions and the structural effects of the solvent mixtures.Deceased, August 30, 1982.  相似文献   

14.
15.
Linear (planar) molecules A and B which are identical except for isotopic substitutions at the atomic sites are considered. Stretching (bending, out-of-plane) frequencies k and normal modes k of the isotopically perturbed molecule B are expressed in terms of stretching (bending, out-of-plane) frequencies i and the corresponding normal modes i of the unperturbed molecule A. Complete specification of the unperturbed normal modes is not required. All that is needed are stretching (bending, out-of-plane) amplitudes | i of the normal modes i at those sites that are affected by isotopic substitution. The rule which interlaces frequencies k of molecule A with frequencies i of molecule B is derived. Given two isotopic molecules A and B that differ by a single isotopic substitution at site , the inversion relation is derived. This relation expresses unperturbed stretching (bending, out-of-plane) amplitudes at the site in terms of stretching (bending, out-of-plane) frequencies of molecules A and B . As an example, out-of-plane vibrations of deuterated bromoethene were considered. In the simplest method 12 out-of-plane frequencies of four polydeuterated bromoethenes were calculated from 12 out-of-plane frequencies of bromoethene and three monodeuterated bromoethenes. Standard deviation of thus calculated frequencies from experimental frequencies is =2.74 cm–1. In another method, 15 out-of-plane frequencies of four polydeuterated bromoethenes and selected monodeuterated bromoethene are calculated from 9 out-of-plane frequencies of bromoethene and the remaining two monodeuterated bromoethenes. Depending on which monodeuterated bromoethene is selected (1-, cis- or trans-), standard deviation of thus obtained frequencies from experimental frequencies is 1=2.84 cm–1, c=2.96 cm–1 and t=2.72 cm–1.  相似文献   

16.
Summary 4-(1H-1,2,4-Triazolyl-3-azo)-2-methylresorcinol reacts with vanadium(V) at pH 8.10 (Tris-HClO4 buffer solution) to produce a pink-violet 11 complex ( max=525 nm,=2.55×104l·mol–1· cm–1) in a 50% (v/v) methanol-water medium, which allows the spectrophotometric determination of 0.1 to 1.51 ppm of vanadium. The method has been applied for the determination of the vanadium content in low alloy steels.
Spectrophotometriscbe Bestimmung von Vanadin mit 4-(1H-1,2,4-triazo-lyl-3-azo)-2-methylresorcin
Zusammenfassung Vanadin bildet bei pH 8,10 (Tris-HClO4-buffer) mit 4-(1H-1,2,4-tri-azolyl-3-azo)-2-methylresorcin ein rosenrot-violettes Chelat, dessen Absorptionsmaximum bei 525 nm in Gegenwart von 50% Methylalkohol gemessen wird. Dieser 11-Komplex entspricht bei einer Vanadin-Konzentration von 0,1–1,51g/ml dem Beerschen Gesetz; seine molare Absorptivität ist 2,55×104l·mol–1·cm–1. Das Verfahren wurde zur Bestimmung des Vanadins in Stahl verwendet.
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17.
The limiting molar conductances ° of deuterium chloride DCl in D2O were determined as a function of pressure and temperature in order to examine the proton-jump mechanism in detail. The excess deuteron conductances °E(D +), as estimated by the equation [°E(D +) = °(DCl/D 2 O) – °(KCl/D 2 O)], increases with an increase in the pressure and temperature as well as the excess proton conductance [°E(H +) = °(HCl/H 2 O) – °(KCl/H 2 O)]. The isotope effect on the excess conductances, however, depends on the pressure and temperature contrary to the model proposed by Conway et al.: °E(H +)/°E(D +) decreases with increasing pressure and temperature. The magnitude of the decrease with pressure becomes more prominent at lower temperature. These results are discussed in terms of the pre-rotation of adjacent water molecules, the bending of hydrogen bonds with pressure, and the difference in strength of hydrogen bonds between D2O and H2O.  相似文献   

18.
Single crystals of NH4NaTiF6are studied by X-ray diffraction analysis (automated diffractometer, MoK radiation, graphite monochromator, sin/ 1.0 Å–1, 1566 reflections with I> 3(I), anisotropic least squares method to R= 0.045 and R w= 0.040). The compound belongs to the NaRbSnF6structural type. The types of internal motions of the complex ions NH4 +and TiF6 2–are determined in the temperature range 200–500 K and compared with the motion of ionic groups in (NH4)2TiF6and Na2TiF6crystals.  相似文献   

19.
The crystal structures of two polysulfide phases HoS1.885(5) (I) and HoS1.863(8) (II) were determined; the integer stoichiometric ratio was found to be Ho8S15. The data were collected on an Enraf-Nonius CAD-4 automatic diffractometer using the standard procedure (MoK, graphite monochromator, an absorption correction applied based on -scan data). Crystal I: space group P4/nmm, a = 3.820(1), c = 7.840(3) , V = 114.40(6) 3, Z = 2 for the composition HoS1.885(5), d calc = 6.542 g/cm3, R = 0.0520 for 184 unique reflections with Ihkl > 2 I; crystal II: space group P21/m, a = 10.961(2), b = 11.465(2), c = 10.984(2) , = 91.27(3)°, V = 1380.0(4) 3, Z = 24 for the composition HoS1.863(8), d calc = 6.486 g/cm3, R = 0.0596 for 5354 unique reflections with Ihkl > 2 I. In both compounds, the Ho atoms are surrounded by 9 (8+1 for three atoms in II) S atoms forming monocapped square antiprisms. The Ho–S distances vary from 2.717 to 3.067 irrespective of the type of ion [S2– or (S2)2–]; the maximal distance to the atoms completing the coordination is 3.684 . The compounds have PbFCl type structures composed of ...(S2)2–...Ho3+...S2–...S2–...Ho3+...(S2)2–... layer packets differently oriented in space relative to the unit cell axes. The S2–...S2– and S2–...(S2)2– interlayer distances are mostly shorter than the sum of the ionic radii and vary within the limits of 3.331-3.558 and 3.029-3.784 for the first and second types, respectively. For I, the calculated site occupancies and densities are given depending on the composition Ho-S2-x (x = 0.25-0); for II, the most probable formulas of rational compositions in the same range of x are presented.  相似文献   

20.
The reaction of 2-tert-butoxy-5,6-benzo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinin-4-one with chloral involves expansion of the six-membered heteroring to form 2-hydroxy-3-trichloromethyl-6,7-benzo-1,4,25-dioxaphosphepin-5-one 2-oxide as a single diastereomer. The product was chlorinated with thionyl chloride to obtain (RS,SR)-2-chloro-3-trichloromethyl-6,7-benzo-1,4,25-dioxaphosphepin-5-one 2-oxide.  相似文献   

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