纳米TiO2光催化分解罗丹明B的动力学分析

锐钛矿型TiO2禁带宽度为3 2eV,在波长小于387nm的紫外辐射激发下,价带电子跃迁到导带,光生电子和空穴分离,与表面接触组分可发生一系列氧化还原反应,可将有机污染物降解为简单的无机化合物[1]。TiO2微粒粒径的降低(几十纳米),吸收光谱发生蓝移,催化活性随粒径的减小而增强[2,3]。纳米TiO2对罗丹明B的光催化分解过程与罗丹明B在TiO2表面的吸附有关[4]。本文采用自制纳米TiO2在4W紫外灯直接照射下,光分解罗丹明B为表观一级反应,反应速率与罗丹明B起始浓度及催化剂用量有关。1　实验部分纳米TiO2 采用sol gel法制备。分别配制不同…     

Influence of humidity and acidity of the titanium dioxide surface on the kinetics of photocatalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds

The influence of the humidity and acidity of the TiO₂ surface on the kinetics of the photocatalytic processes of deep oxidation of volatile organic compounds was studied. At 20 °C the rates of acetone and benzene oxidation are maximum at the coverages of TiO₂ with water close to monolayer and are 3—5 times higher than that in the dry atmosphere. The activation energy of benzene oxidation (E _a = 6.3±0.4 and 43.0±3.2 kJ mol^–1 at relative humidities of 8 and 70%, respectively) at a humidity higher than 30% decreases according to the exponential law with an increase in the surface acidity when multilayer water films are formed on the surface. Under the real conditions of operation of photocatalytic air purifiers, a TiO₂ particle is covered by water nanofilms. As in aqueous solutions, photoprocesses on the TiO₂ surface depend substantially on the solvation of the participants of the reaction, the formation of the double electric layer, and the concentration of the electrolyte (due to the dissociation of the surface acid-base groups).     

Fabrication of electrospun polyethersulfone/titanium dioxide (PES/TiO2) composite nanofibers membrane and its application for photocatalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous solution

The main objective of this research is to use the photocatalytic properties of PES/TiO₂ nanofibers membranes to remove the phenol as a toxic pollutant in various effluents. The uniform fibers in terms of minimum bead formation and fibers diameter were fabricated. Therefore, more TiO₂ catalysts are on the surface of the fibers which increase the active surface area of nanoparticles and consequently improve the phenol degradation efficiency. The effects of TiO₂ concentration on hydrophilicity, mechanical properties, porosity, mean pore size, and water flux of membranes were studied. The PES/TiO₂ nanofibers were evaluated for phenol degradation under UVA irradiation through a transparent membrane module. The amount of removable phenol was analyzed with high‐performance liquid chromatography. Central composite design was used as a statistical experimental design. Finally, the effect of TiO₂ content in nanofibers and initial phenol concentrations were investigated as well as pH values in synthetic wastewater, on phenol degradation. The results from analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis indicated that TiO₂ content in nanofibers was the most important and effective parameter on phenol degradation. It was also presented that there is no significant interaction between parameters so that the effect of each parameter was investigated separately. Maximum phenol degradation was 43.0 ± 0.3% and found under conditions of TiO₂ content, initial phenol concentration, and pH value of 8%, 120 ppm, and 7, respectively.     

Use of a photocatalytic membrane reactor for the removal of natural organic matter in water: Effect of photoinduced desorption and ferrihydrite adsorption

The photocatalytic degradation of natural organic matter (NOM) would be an attractive option in the treatment of drinking water. The performance of a submerged photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR) was investigated with regard to the removal of NOM and the control of membrane fouling. In particular, this work focused on the adsorption and desorption of humic acids (HA) and lake water NOM at the surface of TiO₂ photocatalyts and ferrihydrite (FH) adsorbents in the PMR for water treatment. The addition of FH particles with a large sorption capacity helped remove the NOM released from TiO₂ particles, but FH suspended in water affected the photocatalysis of lake water NOM with a low specific UV absorbance (SUVA) value. To prevent the UV light being scattered by FH without any photocatalytic activity, FH particles were attached to a submerged microfiltration (MF) membrane, which contributed to a greater removal of NOM during long-term PMR operation. The further removal of NOM from aqueous solution was achieved due to the synergistic effect of TiO₂ photocatalysis and FH adsorption in PMR while minimizing the influence of photoinduced desorption of NOM. No significant membrane fouling occurred when the submerged PMR was operated even at high flux levels (>25 L/m² h), as long as photocatalytic decomposition took place.