&“RuNO&”6 and &“RhNO&”6 compexes with 2,2′-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline

The reactions of nitrosyl halides NOX (X = Cl, Br or Br₃) and N₂O₃ with RuCl₃(H₂O)₃ and RhCl₃(H₂O)₃ in the presence of 2,2′-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline results in the formation of neutral nitrosyl complexes of types Ru(NO)X₃(L-L) and Rh(NO)X₂(L-L) (L-L = 2,2′-bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline).     

Intercalation and controlled release of vitamin B<Subscript>6</Subscript> from montmorillonite–vitamin B<Subscript>6</Subscript> hybrid

Controlled release of a therapeutic agent to patients is gaining enormous importance during the recent past. The present paper focused on the intercalation of vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine, VB₆) into montmorillonite (MMT) as a controlled release drug carrier. MMT used in this study is of Indian origin. Intercalation of VB₆ into MMT at different times, temperatures, pH values, and initial concentration is illustrated. The MMT–VB₆ hybrid was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and thermogravimetric analysis. VB₆ was successfully adsorbed on the surface of MMT and also intercalated into the interlayer of MMT. The release processes were monitored under in vitro conditions using simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) at 37 ± 0.5 °C. In vitro release experiments revealed that VB₆ was released from the MMT–VB₆ hybrid steadily and was pH-dependent.     

Energielösungen für die Zukunft? Weiße Biotechnologie

In view of the high price of oil and the emerging global climate changes, biotechnologically produced energy sources appear to be a promising option for the future. Of the industrial nations, Germany with annual production figures of 2 m tons of biodiesel, 560,000 tons of bioethanol and some 2,700 biogas plants is in the upper half of the bioenergy rankings. Here, the potential of industrial biotechnology for energy production is presented in detail.