Reactions and polymerization of 1-trityl-4-vinylimidazole

1-Trityl-4-vinylimidazole was prepared by direct tritylation of 4(5)-vinylimidazole and polymerized using a free radical initiator. Poly(1-trityl-4-vinylimidazole) was hydrolyzed using aqueous acetic acid to give poly[4(5)-vinylimidazole]. The poly[4(5)-vinylimidazole], which was obtained from the hydrolysis of poly(1-trityl-4-vinylimidazole), was compared with poly[4(5)-vinylimidazole] prepared directly from 4(5)-vinylimidazole for differences in stereochemistry. The stereochemistry of both polymers was found to be similar by high-resolution NMR. Thus, the trityl does not influence the stereochemistry of poly[4(5)-vinylimidazole]. The reaction of 1-trityl-4-vinylimidazole with n-butyllithium gave 2-lithio-1-trityl-4-vinylimidazole. This intermediate was used to prepare 2-substituted 4(5)-vinylimidazoles, which are new monomers that can be polymerized using free radical initiators.     

Side-chain-anchored N(alpha)-Fmoc-Tyr-OPfp for bidirectional solid-phase synthesis

[reaction: see text] A mild resin-immobilization strategy employing a readily prepared trityl bromide resin for anchoring building blocks via a phenol group has been developed. With N(alpha)-Fmoc-Tyr-OPfp as a starter building block, it was possible to prepare asymmetrically substituted hybrids of spider- and wasp-type polyamine toxins using solid-phase peptide synthesis conditions.     

An Efficient Synthesis of Polymethylene-bis-aroyl Thiourea Derivatives under the Condition of Phase Transfer Catalysis

A number of 1,3-disubstituted derivatives are associated with various types of biological activity [1]. Some thioureas are useful as herbicides, insecticides and plant-growth regulators. Treatment of acylisothiocyanates, prepared from aroyl chlorides (0.0431mol) and potassium thiocyanate (33ml ofa 33% KSCN solution) using tetrabutylammonium bromides as a catalyst, were treated with aniline to yield the corresponding thioureas. However, probable hydrolysis of the aroyl chlorides led to decreased yields. The reaction of acid chlorides with different phenylthioureas or N1-acetyl-N3-arylthioureas requires high temperature and long reaction times. None of the other reported methods proved satisfactory. As a continuation of our earlier work on the biological activity of these compounds, [2-5] we now report acid chlorides are quantitatively converted to the acylisothiocyanates under solid-liquid phase-transfer conditions using PEG-400 as the catalyst. Treatment of these isothiocyanates with polymethylenediamines provides compounds 3 in high yields (scheme 1). The results were summarized in table 1.     

First protection of a wide-rim tetraamino calix[4]arene in opposite positions

The importance of tetraamino calix[4]arenes as starting materials is distinctly increased by the first versatile protective group for opposite amino functions. Reaction with trityl chloride leads to the 1,3-dialkylated derivative easily isolated in 34% yield; after a first acylation of the remaining amino groups, the trityl residues can be removed by TFA to introduce a second acyl group. [reaction: see text]     

Directed ortho Metalation reaction of aryl O-carbamates on solid support

The first Directed ortho Metalation (DoM) reaction of aryl O-carbamates on polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) resin using a trityl linker is described. Using low temperatures and short metalation times, a range of electrophiles have been introduced to give, after cleavage from support, substituted benzyl alcohols in high purity. [reaction: see text]     

Conversion of 2-aminomethylbenzothiazoles into imidazo[5, 1-b]benzothiazoles

A number of substituted 2-aminomethylbenzothiazoles ate synthesized. The corresponding ureas or thioureas are also obtained by reaction with arylisocyanates or arylisothiocyanates. Heating the substituted ureas or thioureas at temperatures above their melting points cyclizes them to 9-substituted 2-hydroxy- or 2-mercaptoimidazo[5, 1-b]benzothiazoles, which are derivatives of a new heterocyclic system.     

Strategies for the solid-phase diversification of poly-L-proline-type II peptide mimic scaffolds and peptide scaffolds through guanidinylation

A strategy for the solid-phase diversification of PPII mimic scaffolds through guanidinylation is presented. The approach involves the synthesis N-Pmc-N'-alkyl thioureas as diversification reagents. Analogues of Fmoc-Orn(Mtt)-OH can be incorporated into a growing peptide chain on Wang resin. Side chain deprotection with 1% TFA/CH2Cl2 followed by EDCI-mediated reaction of N-Pmc-N'-alkyl thioureas with the side chain amine affords arginine analogues with modified guanidine head groups. The scope, limitations, and incidental chemistry are discussed.     

Parallel synthesis of terminal alkynes using a ROMPgel-supported ethyl 1-diazo-2-oxopropylphosphonate

ROMPgel-supported ethyl 1-diazo-2-oxopropylphosphonate has been prepared, and the supported reagent has been effectively employed in the conversion of a variety of aldehydes into terminal alkynes under mild reaction conditions. The influence of cross-link structure, comonomers, and polymer structure on reaction efficiency has been examined. [structure: see text]     

Facile one-pot synthesis of photochromic pyrans

[reaction: see text]. Photochromic pyrans, including [3H]naphtho[2,1-b]pyrans, [2H]naphtho[1,2-b]pyrans, indeno-fused naphtho[1,2-b]pyrans, and heteroannulated pyrans, were synthesized in excellent yields through a facile one-pot procedure by reaction of propargyl alcohol and naphthol or phenol derivatives in the presence of 5 mol % PPTS and 2 equiv of (MeO)3CH. Symmetrical and nonsymmetrical bispyrans can also be prepared using the protocol.     

Synthesis of 2-azaindolizines by using an iodine-mediated oxidative desulfurization promoted cyclization of N-2-pyridylmethyl thioamides and an investigation of their photophysical properties

Iodine-mediated, oxidative desulfurization promoted cyclization of N-2-pyridylmethyl thioamides serves as an efficient and versatile method for the preparation of 2-azaindolizines (imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines) and rare 2-azaindolizine sulfur-bridged dimers. The 2-azaindolizines prepared in this manner are readily converted to a variety of fluorescent compounds by using transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. [reaction: see text].     

Chemotherapeutic agents. IX. Synthesis and pesticidal activities of bis[4-aryl/alkyl-1, 2, 4-triazoline-5-thione-3-yl]alkanes and 1 -Aryl/alkyl-3-[4-(4-aryl/alkyl-1, 2, 4-triazoline-5-thione-3-yl)phenyl]thiourea and related compounds

Various bis[4-aryl/alkyl-1, 2, 4-triazoline-5-thione-3-yl]alkanes ( 3 ) were prepared from base cyclization of bis thiosemicarbazide 2 and transformed into sulphides by reaction with different alkyl halides in alkaline medium. These compounds were further oxidised to sulphones 5 with acidic potassium permanganate. 1-Aryl-3-[4-(4-aryl/alkyl-1, 2, 4-triazoline-3-thione-5-yl)phenyl]thioureas ( 8 ) were prepared in two steps from p-aminophenylhydrazide ( 6 ) and aryl/alkylisothiocyanates. Alkylation of 8 with different alkyl halides yielded exclusively sulphides 9 . Some sulphides 12 and Mannich bases 13 from 5-(p-fluorophenyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-thione ( 11 ) were also prepared to evaluate their pesticidal activities. All the prepared compounds were screened for pesticidal activities but none of them exhibited any significant activity.     

Development of self-indicating resin

Previously, we have reported the development and application of self-indicating resins (SIR), materials which can indicate presence or absence of amines in the reaction solution by the conspicuous color change of a phenolsulfophthalein type dye immobilized on resin beads [2a]. Although the functionality necessary for attaching the dye to the resins could be readily introduced by the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling during the synthesis of the SIR 1, this approach was only applicable to the dyes containing suitable functionality for the cross-coupling reaction. In this article we describe a new approach of immobilizing the indicating dyes onto the resin support. The dyes suitable for loading onto aminomethyl polystyrene (PS) resin were prepared by Friedel-Crafts reaction of 2-sulfoterephthalic anhydride with a wide range of phenols. Using this new route, the SIR 6c was readily prepared in >100g quantities. Use of the SIR 6c in the synthesis of a 144 member urea library was demonstrated and the SIR successfully indicated the endpoint of the reaction between amines and isocyanates.     

Peptide bond formation mediated by 4,5-dimethoxy-2-mercaptobenzylamine after periodate oxidation of the N-terminal serine residue

[reaction in text] A thiol linker-attached peptide was prepared from a nonprotected peptide via an N(alpha)()-alpha-oxoacyl peptide. Selective oxidation of the N-terminal serine with sodium periodate gave the N(alpha)-glyoxyloyl peptide, reductive amination of which with 4,5-dimethoxy-2-(triphenylmethylthio)benzylamine gave an N(alpha)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-mercaptobenzyl glycyl peptide after removal of the trityl group. The N(alpha)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-mercaptobenzyl peptide can be condensed with a peptide thioester, and the linker is removable. This strategy provides a useful method for the synthesis of peptides using recombinant proteins.     

Solid-phase synthesis of indolizidine and quinolizidine derivatives

An efficient method for the construction of simple indolizidine and quinolizidine derivatives on solid support has been developed. An intramolecular tandem Michael reaction initiated by the nucleophilic attack of a suitably placed amino group on the tethered Wittig condensation products between 4- or 5-aminoaldehydes attached to a trityl chloride resin and 4-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-1-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)-2-b utanon e is the key step.     

Cobalt-catalyzed aryl-sulfur bond formation

A new cobalt-catalyzed coupling of aryl halides with thiophenols and alkanethiols is reported. A variety of aryl sulfides can be prepared in excellent yields under mild reaction conditions using 1-2 mol % of CoI2(dppe) and Zn. This new cobalt-catalyzed coupling represents an interesting addition to previously known methods to synthesize thioethers. [reaction: see text].     

Triethyl- (or trimethyl-)silyl triflate-catalyzed reductive cleavage of triphenylmethyl (trityl) ethers with triethylsilane

[reaction: see text] A triphenylmethyl (trityl) ether was reductively and instantaneously cleaved by triethylsilane in the presence of a catalytic amount of TES- (or TMS)-triflate. The reaction conditions are mild enough to achieve reduction in the presence of a variety of acid-sensitive functional groups. Upon a mild acidic treatment of the crude product, the corresponding alcohol is obtained in high yield.     

An efficient procedure for traceless solid-phase synthesis of N,N'-substituted thioureas by thermolytic cleavage of resin-bound dithiocarbamates

A novel and efficient procedure which is compatible with high-throughput process for the traceless solid-phase synthesis of thioureas is described. In the presence of carbon disulfide, Merrifield resin reacts with an amine to give a resin-bound dithiocarbamate moiety. Heating this supported dithiocarbamate in the presence of a second amine at 60 degrees C for 12 h led to the formation of the thiourea with the release of benzylthiol bound to the resin. This process allows the preparation of N,N'-di- and trisubstituted thioureas in good yields and with satisfactory purity. Furthermore, the mild reaction conditions involved are compatible with many functional groups.     

Sulfur-containing derivatives of five-membered cyclic sulfones. 2. Intramolecular cyclization of isothioureidothiolene 1,1-dioxide salts

cis-2-Imino-4,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno[3,4-d]thiazole 5,5-dioxides were obtained by intramolecular cyclization of 4-isothioureido-2-thiolene 1,1-dioxide salts. The reaction of N-substituted thioureas with 4-bromo-2-thiolene 1,1-dioxide leads to 3-substituted cis-2-imino-4,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno[3,4-d]thiazole 5,5-dioxides.See [1] for Communication 1.Deceased.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 110–113, January, 1988.     

A method for the parallel synthesis of multiply substituted oxazolidinones

There are many examples of both naturally occurring and synthetic molecules containing a 2-oxazolidinone ring that have significant biological activity. The oxazolidinone ring potentially has three sites for attachment of diversity elements. A synthesis that can provide for inclusion of diversity elements at all three positions should be a powerful method for the preparation of oxazolidinone libraries. In this paper we present the preparation of a 3 x 3 x 3 array yielding 27 different products with minimal workup, high yields, and, most importantly, high purity. Using an intramolecular acylnitrene-mediated aziridination reaction, we have prepared (triphenylmethoxymethyl)-3-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one as a starting material for library generation. The first substitution involves opening the aziridine ring of the azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane ring system using a Grignard reagent. The nitrogen of the oxazolidinone is now ready for substitution via alkylation or arylation. Removing the trityl protecting group via esterification under mildly acidic conditions accomplishes the final substitution.     

1,3,5-triazine-based mass spectral tagging of one-bead one-compound libraries

A triazine-based mass encoding strategy that accommodates cleavable linker, isotopic labeling, and diversity receptor moieties is reported. The resulting triazine-based tags, which are coupled to bifunctionalized TentaGel resin in a one-pot transformation, enable the construction of a 1-oxa-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-2-ene-7-carboxamide library and facilitate decoding by equalizing the ionization potential of the liberated tags in single bead MALDI-TOF experiments as well as balancing the reactivity of the starting tags in the resin coupling step. [reaction: see text].