Ge_10O_28单元构建的两个三维锗酸盐结构：（H_3O)_4Ge_7O_16·3H_2O和K_4Ge_9O_20

在半水溶剂热条件下,采用不同的合成条件合成了两个锗酸盐微孔分子筛：（ H_3单晶结构解析表明,两个晶体结构具有相同的"火箭状"二级结构单元（SBU）, SBU的不同的连接方式导致了完全不间结构．H_4Ge_7O_(16)·7H_2O的结晶学数据 为M_r=894 ．27,Pλ=O．071073nm,R（F）=3．48％,wR（F~2）＝8．39％． K_4Ge_9O_(20)的结晶学数据为C=0.7383（2）nm,V=16618（7）nm~3,Z＝4,Mo Ka,R（F）=3．92%,wR(F~2)=11.97%.     

丙烯腈在Cu(111)面上化学吸附的密度泛函研究及NBO分析

利用密度泛函方法对丙烯腈在Cu(111)面上不同吸附位的吸附状态进行了理论研究. 计算结果表明, 丙烯腈分子通过端位N原子立式吸附在金属铜表面为弱化学吸附, 其中桥位为较佳吸附位, 结合能为-40.16 kJ/mol; 丙烯腈分子和金属铜之间发生了电荷转移, N原子的孤对电子与金属形成σ共价键; 对丙烯腈分子结构变化进行了NBO分析, 解释了丙烯腈分子吸附后被活化的原因.     

ab initio Calculation of the stereoelectronic structure of 1-(1-trichlorogermylethyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one*

RHF/6-31G(d) and MP2/6-31G(d) calculations were carried out to study the stereoelectronic structure of 1-(1-trichlorogermylethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one with a pentacoordinated germanium atom. These results were compared with the X-ray diffraction structural analysis data. Upon formation of the Ge ← O coordination bond in this molecule, the electron density of all the atoms of the coordination polyhedron of the germanium atom, including the oxygen atom, increases, especially the axial chlorine atom, while the electron density of the germanium, nitrogen, and carbonyl group carbon atoms decreases. Different polarization of all three valence p-orbitals of each Cl atom of this molecule was established. ³⁵Cl nuclear quadrupole resonance spectrum parameters were evaluated. The molecule also has stable form, in which the germanium atom is tetracoordinated. The total energy of this form is 2.7 kcal/mol higher than for the structure with a pentacoordinated germanium atom.     

反常蓝移单电子锂键Y…Li-CH_3[Y=CH_3,CH_2CH_3,CH(CH_3)_2,C(CH_3)_3]体系的结构与性质

在密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)及MP2/6-311++G(d,p)水平上研究了单电子锂键复合物Y…Li-CH_3[Y=CH_3,CH_2CH_3,CH(CH_3)_2,C(CH_3)_3]的结构与性质.结果表明,三种单电子锂键复合物H_3CH_2C…Li-CH_3(Ⅱ),(H_3C)_2HC…Li-CH_3(Ⅲ)和(H_3C_3)_3C…Li-CH_3(Ⅳ)单电子锂键强度依Ⅱ(-26.7 kJ·mol~(-1))<Ⅲ(-30.2 kJ·mol~(-1))<Ⅳ(-32.8 kJ·mol~(-1))的顺序递增,相对于单体Li-CH_3,复合物Ⅱ,Ⅲ及Ⅳ中Li-CH_3键虽然拉长,但其伸缩振动频率出现了反常的蓝移,且蓝移程度依次增大,分别为15.1,18.9和20.5cm~(-1).供电子体中甲基数目的递增加强了这种单电子弱键作用,而若电子受体LiH中H被CH_3取代,则减弱了弱键相互作用.利用自然键轨道(NBO)及分子中原子(AIM)分析进一步对体系的弱键相互作用进行了探讨.     

Electronic properties of Si and Ge atoms doped in clusters: In(n)Si(m) and In(n)Ge(m)

Electronic properties of silicon and germanium atom doped indium clusters, In(n)Si(m) and In(n)Ge(m), were investigated by photoionization spectroscopy of the neutrals and photoelectron spectroscopy of the anions. Size dependence of ionization energy and electron affinity for In(n)Si(1) and In(n)Ge(1) exhibit pronounced even-odd alternation at cluster sizes of n = 10-16, as compared to those for pure In(n) clusters. This result shows that symmetry lowering with the doped atom of Si or Ge results in undegeneration of electronic states in the 1d shell formed by monovalent In atoms.     

Reassessment of the molecular mechanisms for H2 thermal desorption pathways from Si(1-x)Gex(001)-(2x1) surfaces

One of the aims of temperature-programmed desorption experiments is to facilitate identification of molecular pathways for desorption. The authors provide a rigorous assessment of the difficulty of doing this for H(2)/Si((1-x))Ge(x)(100)-(2x1). An extensive series of density functional calculations using both cluster and slab methods is performed. The resulting desorption barriers are used to compute thermal desorption spectra. A mean-field approximation is used to treat the populations of the various adsites present on the surface. The authors find a number of significant results. First, slab and cluster calculations do not appear to predict consistent differences in desorption barriers between intradimer and interdimer channels. Second, they find that a germanium atom affects the desorption barrier significantly only if it is present at the adsite. A germanium atom adjacent to an adsite or in the second layer influences the desorption barrier negligibly. Both cluster and slab calculations consistently predict a decrease of approximately 0.3-0.4 eV per germanium atom at the adsite. Third, current analysis of thermal desorption spectra in the literature, although yielding good fits to experimental data, is not rigorous. The authors' calculated spectra can be fitted rather well by assuming, as in current analysis of experimental data, three independent second-order channels, even though the underlying molecular pathways used to calculate the spectra are considerably different. Fourth, the authors' results highlight the importance of treating the rearrangement of hydrogen and germanium atoms at the surface during the thermal desorption process. This is generally not taken into account in kinetics modeling of desorption spectra.     

Stereoelectronic structure of 3-(trichlorogermyl)propionic acid by the results of <Emphasis Type="Italic">ab initio</Emphasis> calculations

Two structures of the 3-(trichlorogermyl)propionic acid molecule and its dimer were calculated by the RHF/6-31G(d) method with the full geometry optimization. The structure with pentacoordinated germanium atom is by 4.71 kcal mol^?1 more favorable than that with tetracoordinated germanium. The strength of coordination bond in the first structure increases with the absolute values of charge on the Ge and O coordination centers. The relatively small values of these charges result in a weak coordination bond. In the first structure, this bond is weaker than in the dimer, since the Ge…O distance in it (3.016 Å) is larger than in the latter (2.898 Å). This bond is formed due to the rapproachment of the Ge and O coordination centers at their electrostatic interaction. This provides the transfer of electron density from the atoms of the donor fragment of the molecule to the atoms of the germanium coordination polyhedron. The coordination centers serve as the conductors for the electron density transfer.     

Geometries and electronic properties of the tungsten-doped germanium clusters: WGen (n = 1-17)

Geometries associated with relative stabilities, energy gaps, and polarities of W-doped germanium clusters have been investigated systematically by using density functional theory. The threshold size for the endohedral coordination and the critical size of W-encapsulated Gen structures emerge as, respectively, n = 8 and n = 12, while the fullerene-like W@Ge(n) clusters appears at n = 14. The evaluated relative stabilities in term of the calculated fragmentation energies reveal that the fullerene-like W@Ge(14) and W@Ge(16) structures as well as the hexagonal prism WGe(12) have enhanced stabilities over their neighboring clusters. Furthermore, the calculated polarities of the W@Ge(n) reveal that the bicapped tetragonal antiprism WGe(10) is a polar molecule while the hexagonal prism WGe(12) is a nonpolar molecule. Moreover, the recorded natural populations show that the charges transfer from the germanium framework to the W atom. Additionally, the WGe(12) cluster with large highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) gap, large fragmentation energy, and large binding energy is supposed to be suitable as a building block of assembly cluster material. It should be pointed out that the remarkable features of W@Ge(n) clusters above are distinctly different from those of transition metal (TM) doped Ge(n) (TM = Cu and Ni) clusters, indicating that the growth pattern of the TMGe(n) depends on the kind of doped TM impurity.     

SIMOX上分子束外延生长Si／Ge0.5Si0.5应变层超晶格的TEM研究

以分子束外延技术在ＳＩＭＯＸ衬底上生长Ｓｉ／Ｇｅ_（０．５）Ｓｉ_（０．５）应变层超晶格。用剖面电子显微学（ＸＴＥＭ）对超晶格膜的结构进行分析。实验结果表明，Ｓｉ／Ｇｅ_（０．５）Ｓｉ_（０．５）应变层超晶格能成功地生长在ＳＩＭＯＸ衬底上。由于Ｓｉ／Ｇｅ_（０．５）Ｓｉ_（０．５）膜与ＳＩＭＯＸ衬底之间的晶格失配，引起晶格畸变，Ｓｉ／Ｇｅ_（０．５）Ｓｉ_（０．５）超晶格内存在的位错与ＳＩＭＯＸ衬底内的位错密度有关。     

Crystal Structure of O，O－Diethyl－α－（β－triphenylgermanyl）－propionoyloxy Methylphosphonate

ＣｒｙｓｔａｌＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆＯ，Ｏ－Ｄｉｅｔｈｙｌ－α－（β－ｔｒｉｐｈｅｎｙｌｇｅｒｍａｎｙｌ）－ｐｒｏｐｉｏｎｏｙｌｏｘｙＭｅｔｈｙｌｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｎａｔｅＣｈｅｎＲｕ－Ｙｕ；ＭａｏＬｉ－Ｊｕａｎ；ＬｉｕＡｉ－Ｌｉｎ（Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏ...     

CO和H2分子在Cu(111)面的吸附和溶剂化效应

采用广义梯度近似(GGA)密度泛函理论(DFT)的PW91方法结合周期性模型, 在DNP基组下, 利用Dmol3模块研究了CO和H2在真空和液体石蜡环境下在Cu(111)表面上不同位置的吸附. 计算结果表明, 溶剂化效应对H2和CO的吸附结构参数和吸附能的影响非常显著. 在液体石蜡环境下, H2平行吸附在Cu(111)表面是解离吸附, 而CO 和H2在两种环境下的垂直吸附都是非解离吸附. 相比真空环境吸附, 在液体石蜡环境中, Cu(111)吸附CO时, 溶剂化效应能够提高CO吸附的稳定性, 同时有利于CO的活化. 在真空中, H2只能以垂直方式或接近垂直方式吸附在Cu(111)表面. 当Cu(111)顶位垂直吸附H2, 相比真空环境吸附, 溶剂化效应能够提高H2吸附的稳定性, 但对H2的活化没有明显影响. Cu(111)表面的桥位或三重穴位(hcp和fcc)垂直吸附H2时, 溶剂化效应能明显提高H2的活化程度, 但降低H2的吸附稳定性; 在液体石蜡中, 当H2平行Cu(111)表面吸附时, 溶剂化效应使H—H键断裂, 一个H原子吸附在fcc位, 另一个吸附在hcp位.     

C_4H_4Y(Y=O,S,Se)与BX_3(X=H,F,Cl)作用的计算化学研究

采用量子化学的密度泛函B3LYP和二阶微扰MP2(full)方法对C4H4Y(Y=O,S,Se)与BX3(X=H,F,Cl)形成的电子授受型复合物进行了研究,所得18个复合物的构型包括BX3位于C=C双键上方的π-p作用型和B与O,S,Se直接作用的n-p作用型.体系C4H4Y-BH3以n-p作用型较为稳定,体系C4H4Y-BF3,C4H4Y-BCl3的π-p和n-p作用型复合物稳定性相当.对各复合物的几何构型、振动频率和自然键轨道分析表明,复合物的形成过程中均存在几何构型的改变、电荷的转移和振动频率的变化,它们的变化规律与复合物稳定性的变化规律基本一致,即按H,F,Cl的顺序依次降低.     

THEORETICAL STUDY OF REACTION DYNAMICS OF H_2 ■ H+H ON LITHIUM(100) SURFACE

A generalized LEPS potential energy surface of (H_2?H +H)/Li(100) plane systemwas constructed based on the ab initio SCF absorption and surface diffusion of a hydrogenatom on lithium(100) surface, and reaction kinetic behaviour of this system was investigatedby means of QCT method. It was shown from analysis of the feature of this potential energysurface that the activation energy of absorption of H_2 molecules on a lithium(100) planeis unnecessary and the dissociation of H_2 on the Li(100) plane relates closely to the adsorp-tion sites and adsorption fashions, and the horizontal manner of dissociation of H_2 is easierthan the standing one. And it was also shown from the analysis of various collision trajec-tories that the surface recombination probabilities of bi-hydrogen atoms at low covering arevery small, and that the surface dissociation probabilities of H_2 are controlled by its vibra-tional quantum number. The potential energy surface of gas-metal surface interaction systemconstructed here is con     

Hydrogen desorption kinetics from the Si(1-x)Gex(100)-(2x1) surface

We study the influence of germanium atoms upon molecular hydrogen desorption energetics using density functional cluster calculations. A three-dimer cluster is used to model the Si((1-x))Ge(x)(100)-(2x1) surface. The relative stabilities of the various monohydride and clean surface configurations are computed. We also compute the energy barriers for desorption from silicon, germanium, and mixed dimers with various neighboring configurations of silicon and germanium atoms. Our results indicate that there are two desorption channels from mixed dimers, one with an energy barrier close to that for desorption from germanium dimers and one with an energy barrier close to that for desorption from silicon dimers. Coupled with the preferential formation of mixed dimers over silicon or germanium dimers on the surface, our results suggest that the low barrier mixed dimer channel plays an important role in hydrogen desorption from silicon-germanium surfaces. A simple kinetics model is used to show that reasonable thermal desorption spectra result from incorporating this channel into the mechanism for hydrogen desorption. Our results help to resolve the discrepancy between the surface germanium coverage found from thermal desorption spectra analysis, and the results of composition measurements using photoemission experiments. We also find from our cluster calculations that germanium dimers exert little influence upon the hydrogen desorption barriers of neighboring silicon or germanium dimers. However, a relatively larger effect upon the desorption barrier is observed in our calculations when germanium atoms are present in the second layer.     

A band dispersion mechanism for Pt alloy compositional tuning of linear bound CO stretching frequencies

The C-O stretching frequency (nu(CO)) of atop CO/Pt in PtRu alloys is compositionally tuned in proportion to the Pt mole percent. The application of a Blyholder-Bagus type mechanism (i.e., increased back-donation from the metal d-band to the hybridized 2pi CO molecular orbitals (MOs)) to compositional tuning has been paradoxical because (1) a Pt-C bond contraction, expected with increased back-donation as the Pt mole percent is reduced, is not observed (i.e., calculated Pt-C bond is either elongated or insensitive to alloying and the binding energies of CO/Pt decrease with alloying) and (2) the lowering d-band center and increased d-band vacancies upon alloying (suggesting less back-donation to the higher energy metal hybridized 2pi CO MOs) must be reconciled with the alloy-induced red shift of the nu(CO). A library of spin-optimized Pt and Pt alloy clusters was the basis of density functional theory (DFT) calculations of CO binding energies, nu(CO) values, shifts, and broadening of 5sigma/2pi CO MO upon hybridization with the alloy orbitals and a DFT derived Mulliken electron population analysis. The DFT results, combined with FEFF8 local density of states (LDOS) calculations, validate a 5sigma donation-2pi back-donation mechanism, reconciling the direction of alloy compositional tuning with the lowering of the d-band center and increased vacancies. Although the d-band center decreases in energy with alloying, an asymmetric increase in the dispersion of the d-band is accompanied by an upshift of the metal cluster HOMO level. Concomitantly, the hybridization and renormalization of the CO 5sigma/2pi states results in a broadening of the 5sigma/2pi manifold with additional lower energy states closer to the upshifted (with respect to the pure Pt cluster) HOMO of the alloy cluster. The dispersion toward higher energies of the alloy d-density of states results in more 5sigma/2pi CO filled states (i.e., enhanced 2pi-back-donation). Finally, Mulliken and FEFF8 electron population analysis shows that the increase of the average d-band vacancies upon alloying and additional 2pi back-donation are not mutually exclusive. The d-electron density of the CO-adsorbed Pt atom increases with alloying while the average d-electron density throughout the cluster is reduced. The localized electron density is manifested as an electrostatic wall effect, preventing the Pt-C bond contractions expected with increased back-donation to the 2pi CO MOs.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ab Initio</Emphasis> calculations of 3-(trichlorogermyl)propanoylamide structure and nature of its Ge←O coordination bond

Calculations of 3-(trichlorogermyl)propanoylamide molecule containing a Ge←O coordination bond were performed by RHF/6-31G(d) method with full and partial geometry optimization. Its total energy 2.22 kcal mol⁻¹ is lower than that of the molecule with tetracoordinated germanium atoms. Germanium and oxygen atoms initiate the formation of a coordination Ge←O bond in this molecule and are conductors of the electron density transfer from the atoms nearest to the oxygen on the atoms of the germanium coordination polyhedron. No electron density transfer occurs from the oxygen atom to germanium. Upon decrease in the Ge...O distance the axial Ge-Cl bond is polarized much stronger than the equatorial bonds. In the crystalline state of the substance these molecules are fixed in an energetically unfavorable structure.     

Structure of 2-methyl-3-(trichlorogermyl)propionic acid N,N-dimethylamide and the nature of the Ge←O coordination bond according to the ab initio calculation

Calculations of the molecule of 2-methyl-3-(trichlorogermyl)propionic acid N,N-dimethylamide with full and partial optimization of its geometry were performed by the RHF/6-31G(d) method. The total energy of this molecule which includes a pentacoordinated germanium atom (I) is by 3.84 kcal mol^?1 lower than if it contains a tetrakoordinated germanium (II). The mutual approach of Ge and O coordination centers as a result of their electrostatic interactions in the molecule (I) is shown to result in the formation of a Ge←O coordination bond, which provides an electron density transfer from the peripheral atoms of the donor fragment of the molecule to the atoms of the germanium coordination polyhedron. The Ge and O coordination centers of the molecule serve as conductors of the electron density. At the formation of Ge←O bond the electron density on the oxygen atom increases, while on germanium decreases.     

碱金属萃取化学的研究 III:弱酸性偶氮螯合剂化学结构对萃取锂的性能研究

The synergistic extractic extraction of lithium with a solution of o-phenylazophenols (HAX) and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) or other trialkylphosphine oxide (TRPO, R = C8-10) in o-dichlorobenzene from aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide was reported. The structural effect of o-phenylazophenols on extraction of lithium has been examined. In the case of 1-(p-X-phenylazo)-2-naphthols, the HMO calculation shows that the charge density of azo nitrogen atom(the donor atom, denote azo N) and hydroxyl oxygen atom does not very apparently, so that the stability of their chelates with lithium has no obvious variations as well. In this case their ability to extract lithium is chiefly governed by the pKa. of the compound. The results of extraction prove that there is a linear correlation between the extraction constant Kex and pKa. However, for the second group of chelating agents, the change of their structure leads to the change of the change of both pKa and stability of chelates. The results of extraction and HMO calculation show that the stability of chelates is mainly influenced by the strength of the coordination bond, i.e. the larger the charge density of azo N (qN), the more stable the chelate will be. Therefore, their ability to extract lithium is roughly directly proportional to the stability of chelates and inversely to the pKa. the strength of coordination bond for the chelates can be experimentally measured by means of the strength of intramolecular hydrogen bond of chelating agent, ΔδOH (the diference of chemical shift of hydroxyl proton in free and bonded state). Therefore, the ratio, ΔδOH/pKa, can be used to evaluate the extraction ability of chelating agents to lithium. We find that it is approximately proportional to the distribution ratio (D).     

二维网状结构双核配合物[Ca_2(C_(10)H_8N_2O_4)_2(DMSO)_2(H_2O)_4]·2DMSO的合成、热分解及晶体结构

以2-羰基丙酸水杨酰腙(C_(10)H_(10)N_2O_4)作为配体与碳酸钙在水中反应， 在DMF(N,N'-二甲基甲酰胺)和DMSO（二甲基亚砚）的混合溶剂中培养了单晶，其组 成为 [Ca_2(C_(10)H_8N_2O_4)_2(DMSO)_2(H_2O)_4]·2DMSO [C_(10)H_8N_2O~2- _4为2-羰基丙酸水杨酰腙负离子]。测字了单晶的结构，该单晶为黄色，属单斜晶 系，空间群为P2(1)/C，晶胞参数a=1.0634(3)nm, b=1.7035(5)nm, c=1.2183(3) nm, β=106.180(5)°, V=2.1192(10)nm!, Dc=1.412Mg·m~(-3), Z=2, F(000) =944, μ=0.534m~(-1)，GOF=0.867。所测单晶是以2-卷曲在丙酸水杨酰腙羧基上 的一个氧原子作为桥联的双核钙（II）配合物，两个Ca~(2+)均处于五角双锥的七 配位环境中，锥底为配体2-羰基丙酸水杨酰腙中的三个配位原子，以及另一2-羰基 丙酸水杨酰腙羧基上的桥联氧原子和一个水分子的配位氧原子，锥顶为一配位水和 一想位的DMSO分子，即溶剂DMSO也参也了配位，从晶胞结构看，晶体中除配位的 DMSO分子外，还有自由的DMSO溶剂分子，它们与配位水以氢键连接存在于晶格之中 ，在空间形成的二维网状结构。通过TG-DTG还测定了配合物的热稳定性。     

The structural and electronic properties of Ag-adsorbed (SiO2)n (n=1-7) clusters

Equilibrium geometries, charge distributions, stabilities, and electronic properties of the Ag-adsorbed (SiO(2))(n) (n=1-7) clusters have been investigated using density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation for exchange-correlation functional. The results show that the Ag atom preferably binds to silicon atom with dangling bond in nearly a fixed direction, and the incoming Ag atoms tend to cluster on the existing Ag cluster leading to the formation of Ag islands. The adsorbed Ag atom only causes charge redistributions of the atoms near itself. The effect of the adsorbed Ag atom on the bonding natures and structural features of the silica clusters is minor, attributing to the tendency of stability order of Ag(SiO(2))(n) (n=1-7) clusters in consistent with silica clusters. In addition, the energy gaps between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals remarkably decrease compared with the pure (SiO(2))(n) (n=1-7) clusters, eventually approaching the near infrared radiation region. This suggests that these small clusters may be an alternative material which has a similar functionality in treating cancer to the large gold-coated silica nanoshells and the small Au(3)(SiO(2))(3) cluster.