用分子轨道理论研究NO气体在TiO2表面吸附

根据一氧化氮(NO)气体在二氧化钛(TiO₂)表面吸附和脱附的实验结果, 揭示了气体脱附量的变化规律. 利用MOPAC 和GAUSSIAN分子轨道理论计算了在TiO₂(110)表面上吸附NO分子的原子簇模型, 电荷分布以及原子簇的能级, 推断了NO在TiO₂(110)表面吸附的稳定性.     

NO在Pd表面吸附与脱附动力学的研究

本文用热脱附谱(TDS)与分子束张弛谱(MBRS)方法对NO在Pd(poly)表面上吸附与脱附动力学进行了研究. 对不同表面温度及不同调制频率下分子束张弛谱的实验结果需用三种不同的模型(简单的、粘着系数与复盖度有关的及分支过程的吸脱附模型)来解释.与实验数据拟合所得表征两种不同吸附态的动力学参数为: E_(1d)=104.2±2.7 kmol~(-1), v_(1d)=10~(13.5±0.9)S~(-1) E_2d=74.4±0.8 kJ mol~(-1), v~(2d)=10~(10.3±0.2)S~(-1)最后对非常态(第二吸附态)的机制进行了研究与讨论, 研究表明NO部分分解产生的氧吸附在表面是引起非常态的原因。     

分子筛对NO和NO2的吸附性能

在常压下研究了多种分子筛上NO和NO2的吸附和脱附情况.结果表明,有O2存在时,O2与NO生成的NO2可与NO共吸附在分子筛上,显著促进了NO在分子筛特别是Na型分子筛上的吸附.在所研究的ZSM-5,13X,SAPO,Y,β和A分子筛中,Hβ分子筛在无氧条件下对NO的吸附能力最强;13X分子筛在有氧条件下对NOx的吸附能力最强,且对NOx的吸附性能具有很好的重复性.     

NO与NO2在ZnO表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用 DMol ³ 模块中广义梯度密度泛函理论(GGA)的Perdew-Burke-Ernzerh(PBE)方法研究含能材料分解气体产物NO, NO₂在ZnO(10 \bar{1} 0)表面的吸附和NO₂解离生成NO和O的过程. 结果表明, 优化后的吸附构型显示Zn顶位为稳定吸附位点, NO₂的吸附能大于NO. 态密度图分析结合差分电荷密度图表明, NO的N原子与表面Zn有相互作用, 电荷从NO转移到表面; NO₂的N_2p, O_2p轨道与表面Zn_3d轨道发生杂化, NO₂附近积累大量负电荷. 过渡态搜索显示NO₂的解离需跨过较高能垒, 不易进行.     

分子氧在锐钛矿型TiO2表面的光助吸附和光助脱附

本文采用真空-质谱技术研究了紫外线照射下分子氧在锐钛矿型TiO₂表面的吸附和脱附机理。氧光助吸附后,锐钛矿表面成为活化表面。活化表面的O₂^-(分子氧在锐钛矿表面的吸附态)在1.33×10^-3Pa的真空中,在能量大于锐钛矿禁带宽度2.9eV的紫外线照射下成为分子氧脱附,氧脱附后的表面在无紫外线照射的氧气氛中对分子氧有吸附作用,该O₂^-饱和吸附量大于相同氧压下紫外线照射下O₂的饱和吸附量。在氧压和光强度相同的条件下,O₂^-吸附量与表面羟基化程度呈线性关系。     

NO分子在金表面吸附的理论研究

气体分子在过渡族金属表面吸附是异相催化过程中的一个重要步骤.研究其在金属表面的吸附特性是了解其催化性能的基础,多年来一直是表面科学领域的研究热点.理论研究在解释吸附机理、实验现象以及证实实验结论的可靠性方面发挥着越来越重要的作用.本文使用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了NO分子在中性及带正、负电荷的Au(111),Au(100),Au(310)和Au/Au(111)表面的吸附行为.研究结果表明,NO倾斜地吸附在金表面.在这种吸附构型中,Au原子的dz2轨道和NO分子的2π*轨道对称性匹配,并达到最大重叠.中性及带正、负电荷的Au(111),Au(100),Au(310)和Au/Au(111)表面不同吸附位对NO的反应活性不同,NO易吸附于各个金表面的顶位.计算结果显示,NO分子在Au(111)面几乎不吸附,而在Au/Au(111)的吸附能高达0.89eV.对表面金原子d态电子分波态密度分析表明,金表面对NO分子的吸附活性随着金原子配位数的减少而增强,这是由于低配位数的金原子的d态电子更靠近费米能级.当金表面增加或减少一个电子时,金表面对NO的吸附能有明显变化.正电荷的金表面对NO吸附的活性比中性的表面活性高,而带...     

聚丙烯酸在纳米TiO2表面吸附行为的研究

讨论了聚丙烯酸在纳米TiO₂水悬浮体系中的吸附行为.红外光谱分析和吸附实验结果表明,纳米TiO₂通过氢键吸附PAA.PAA吸附量随着浓度的升高而增大直至饱和吸附量,且分子量越大,饱和吸附量越大.pH值增大,则饱和吸附量减小.在相同条件下,表面吸附层的厚度随PAA分子量、浓度和pH值增大而增大.这是由PAA在颗粒表面构型的变化所致.吸附PAA后的纳米TiO₂的表面电荷密度和ζ电位发生变化,pHiep值向低值方向移动.表面吸附自由能的计算结果说明,PAA在纳米TiO₂表面的吸附是自发过程.     

密度泛函理论研究CO和 O2在NiFeB2/TiO2表面的吸附

 运用密度泛函理论中广义梯度近似的 PW91 方法结合周期平板模型, 研究了 NiFeB2 合金簇在 TiO2(110) 面的吸附模式. 结果表明, NiFeB2 平行吸附在 TiO2 面的 Ot-Ot 位最稳定, 吸附能为 526.4 kJ/mol. 为了探明 NiFeB2/TiO2 是否具有催化氧化 CO 活性, 进一步研究了 CO 和 O2 在 NiFeB2/TiO2 面的共吸附行为. 结果表明, CO 和 O2 以 Eley-Rideal 机理共吸附在 Fe 上时, 易形成碳酸盐, 而以 Langmuir-Hinshelwood 机理共吸附在 Fe 上时, O2 发生分解, 与 Fe, Ni 和 B 形成稳定的六元环.     

CO气体分子在金属氧化物SrO(001)表面吸附和脱附机理

研究了高纯度金属氧化物SrO粉末表面吸附C¹⁸O后在程序升温热脱附过程中的脱附反应规律,讨论了CO气体分子在SrO(100)表面吸附和脱附之间的关系及机理.SrO吸附C¹⁸O后,在升温过程中可通过氧的同位素交换生成C¹⁶O而脱附,同时伴随少量C¹⁸O的直接脱附,并与C¹⁶O具有相近的脱附活化能.C¹⁶O的脱附量随C¹⁸O气体暴露量增加而增加,但当气体覆盖度超过一定值后,脱附量趋于定值.脱附峰值温度随气体暴露量的增加而下降.     

分子轨道图形理论的新进展

1977年,本刊发表了分子轨道图形理论一文,用切割图的边及除去图片断的观点,统一地讨论简单分子轨道理论(HMO)中能级与波函数的计算。十多年来,化学图论迅速发展,不局限于HMO传统模式,从微观上讨论分子行     

Adsorption of Proline and Glycine on the TiO2(110) Surface: A Density Functional Theory Study

The optimal adsorption modes for the amino acids glycine and proline on the ideal TiO₂(110) surface are investigated by using density functional theory (PBE) applying periodic boundary conditions. Binding modes with anionic acid moieties bridging two titanium atoms after transferring a proton to the surface are the most stable configurations for both molecules investigated—similar to previous results for carboxylic acids. In contrast to the latter compounds, amino acids can form hydrogen bonds via the amino group towards the surface‐bound proton; this provides an additional stabilisation of 15–20 kJ mol^?1. Zwitterionic binding modes are less stable (by 10–20 kJ mol^?1) and are less important for proline. Neutral modes are energetically even less favourable. Calculations of vibrational frequencies and core‐level shifts complement the adsorption study and provide guidance for future experimental investigations. Control of the computational parameters is crucial for the derivation of accurate results. The layout and thickness of the slab model used are also shown to be decisive factors. Calculations with a different GGA‐functional (PW91) provide very similar relative energies, although the absolute energies change by about 20 kJ mol^?1. Results derived with the hybrid functional PBE0 show an even greater stabilisation of the anionic binding modes with respect to the zwitterionic modes. A previously observed discrepancy between experimental and theoretical results for glycine could be solved, although the experimentally proposed free rotation of the C? C bond could not be reproduced.     

Adsorption of NO on the M/c-ZrO2(110) (M = Ru,Rh) Surface: A Density Functional Theory Study

<正>The adsorption of NO on the M/c-ZrO_2(110)(M=Ru,Rh)surface has been studied with periodic slab model by PW91 approach of GGA within the framework of density functional theory.The results of geometry optimization indicated that the hollow site is energetically stable for Ru and Rh atoms' adsorption on the c-ZrO_2(110)surface with adsorption energies of 207.4 and 106.3 kJ/mol,respectively.When NO is adsorbed on the M/ZrO_2(110)surface,the N-down adsorption is the most stable.We also studied the adsorption of double NO on the M/c-ZrO_2(110)surface.Complete linear synchronous transit and quadratic synchronous transit approaches were used to search the transition state for dissociation reaction.NO has two possible dissociation passways:(1)2NO→N_2(g)+20(ads),(2)2NO→N_2O(g)+O(ads),and the former is easier than the latter based on the calculation results.     

簇模型ZnO(100)面上吸附CO_2的密度泛函理论研究

采用电荷自洽方法, 以嵌入原子簇Zn4O4为模型, 使用量子化学的密度泛函理论, 研究了二氧化碳在六方ZnO非极化的(1010)面的可能吸附态。计算表明, CO2垂直底物表面吸附, 氧原子只能与Zn原子配位, 并且吸附能为很弱的1.8 kJ/mol;吸附质分子平行于底物表面时, 得到了5种平衡吸附构型, 其中采用CZn配位和η2O, O二齿配位时, 吸附很弱, 经BSSE校正后的吸附能在8.8~6.6 kJ/mol。 采用η2C, O方式分别与O和Zn配位时, 吸附能为31.1 kJ/mol; C原子与表面O配位时计算得到了唯一的一个化学吸附态, 吸附能为139.6 kJ/mol, 与实验结果一致。     

Adsorption and dissociation of NH3 on clean and hydroxylated TiO2 rutile (110) surfaces: a computational study

The adsorption and dissociation of NH(3) on the clean and hydroxylated TiO(2) rutile (110) surfaces have been investigated by the first-principles calculations. The monodentate adsorbates such as H(3)N-Ti(a), H(2)N-Ti(a), N-Ti(a), H(2)N-O(a), HN-O(a), N-O(a) and H-O(a), as well as the bidentate adsorbate, Ti-N-Ti(a) can be formed on the clean surface. It is found that the hydroxyl group enhances the adsorption of certain adsorbates on the five-fold-coordinated Ti atoms (5c-Ti), namely H(2)N-Ti(a), HN-Ti(a), N-Ti(a) and Ti-N-Ti(a). In addition, the adsorption energy increases as the number of hydroxyl groups increases. On the contrary, the opposite effect is found for those on the two-fold-coordinated O atoms (2c-O). The enhanced adsorption of NH(x) (x = 1-2) on the 5c-Ti is due to the large electronegativity of the OH group, increasing the acidity of the Ti center. This also contributes to diminish the adsorption of NH(x) (x = 1-2) on the two-fold-coordinated O atoms (2c-O) decreasing its basicity. According to potential energy profile, the NH(3) dissociation on the TiO(2) surface is endothermic and the hydroxyl group is found to lower the energetics of H(2)N-Ti(a)+H-O(a) and HN-Ti(a)+2{H-O(a)}, but slightly raise the energetic of Ti-N-Ti(a)+3{H-O(a)} compare to those on the clean surface. However, the dissociation of NH(3) is found to occur on the hydroxylated surface with an overall endothermic by 31.8 kcal/mol and requires a barrier of 37.5 kcal/mol. A comparison of NH(3) on anatase surface has been discussed. The detailed electronic analysis is also carried out to gain insights into the interaction nature between adsorbate and surface.     

NO在Mn_2O_3(110)表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

基于第一性原理密度泛函计算方法研究了NO在Mn_2O_3(110)面的吸附行为,计算了Mn_2O_3(110)面吸附NO和O_2的吸附构型的结构参数、吸附能和电子结构.结果表明,在Mn_2O_3(110)表面上,NO倾向于吸附在Mn top位,吸附前后的结构总能变化在-0.61~-1.29 eV之间,NO吸附后Mn吸附位周围的配位结构发生变化,使得Mn的电子向NO转移.进一步研究了吸附O_2后的Mn_2O_3表面再进一步吸附NO的行为,发现了ONOO*结构的形成.NO和O_2在表面共吸附形成ONOO*结构时的吸附能(-1.23和-1.39 eV)高于单纯吸附NO时的吸附能,此时Mn的电子向ONOO*结构转移,NO和O_2投影态密度的电子峰广泛交叠,说明成键原子之间有强共价键作用.     

预吸附氧对NO在Pt(110)表面吸附和分解的影响

 利用程序升温反应谱、X射线光电子能谱和高分辨电子能量损失谱研究了NO在清洁和预吸附氧的Pt(110)表面的吸附和分解. 在清洁的Pt(110)表面,室温下低覆盖度时NO以桥式吸附为主,高覆盖度时NO以线式吸附为主. 加热过程中部分NO(主要是桥式吸附物种)分解,生成N2和N2O. 室温下O2在Pt(110)表面发生解离吸附. Pt(110)表面预吸附氧会抑制桥式吸附NO的生成,并导致其脱附温度降低40 K. 降低脱附温度有利于桥式吸附NO的分子脱附,从而抑制分解反应. 这些结果从表面化学的角度合理地解释了铂催化剂在富氧条件下对NO分解能力的降低.     

MIES and UPS(HeI) studies on reduced TiO2(110)

We have studied reduced TiO₂(110) surfaces by combining metastable impact electron spectroscopy (MIES) and UPS(HeI). The reduced Ti species were preparation‐induced: their number density was modified either by adsorption of K atoms or by a combined annealing/oxygen exposure procedure. The emission from the bandgap state (binding energy 0.9 eV), caused by reduced Ti³⁺ 3d species, was monitored. Bandgap emission is seen clearly with UPS(HeI) and thus can be used to monitor the number density of the near‐surface reduced species. A corresponding spectral structure cannot be seen with MIES. We propose that the excess charge density introduced either by preparation‐induced oxygen vacancies or by K adsorption is delocalized over several surface and subsurface Ti sites; this, together with the partial shielding of the reduced Ti species, prevents detection of the reduced Ti species with MIES. The re‐oxidation and restructuring of the reduced TiO₂(110) surface, caused by simultaneous oxygen exposure and annealing, was studied at temperatures between 400 and 770 K, again by recording the Ti³⁺ 3d emission (0.9 eV bandgap state) with UPS(HeI). The surface can be completely re‐oxidized by oxygen exposure at any selected annealing temperature in the range given above. Morphology changes, leading to a partially reduced surface, take place when the re‐oxidized surface is further annealed at T > 600 K under reducing conditions. The results give support to the assumption that the re‐oxidation is caused by the growth of additional titania whereby the Ti stems from the bulk and the oxygen originates from the gas. The restructuring of the re‐oxidized surface upon annealing under reducing conditions appears to be due to diffusion of Ti interstitials to the surface. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

石英晶体微天平技术研究纳米TiO_2表面Cu(Ⅱ)吸附与光化学还原过程

环境中排放的重金属离子Cu!对水生和陆生生物有强的毒害性。饮用水中Cu!的浓度高于1.0mg·L-1时,将会导致人畜得血色沉着病和胃肠粘膜病[1]。Cu!无法进行生物降解,除去废水中Cu!的常见方法有离子交换、置换、化学沉淀等[2],然而这些方法需要消耗大量的化学试剂,成本高。近来,研