量热式激光能量计热损失系数测定方法的研究

在长脉冲激光照射下,由于热损失的影响,致使传统数据处理方法所得到的量热式激光能量与实际激光能量有较大的差距。以能量计探头在激光照射下的温度变化分布为实验模型,考虑热辐射和热传导等因素,提出一种表征能量计热损失程度的热损失系数的测定方法,并用实验验证了该测定方法的正确性。所得的热损失系数可作为评价量热式激光能量计性能的一个重要参数。     

Measurement of the optical absorption coefficient for liquid based on optical microfiber

An inline measuring method of the optical absorption coefficient for liquid based on optical microfiber (OM) is studied. If an OM is immersed into absorptive liquid, the additional loss of the OM will increase. We have analyzed the relationship between the additional loss of the OMs and the absorption coefficients of the liquids, and found that the OM with determinate construction will be useful for measuring the absorption coefficients of the liquid whose refractive index is lower than that of the OM. Two OM samples are prepared to measure the absorption coefficient of pure water. A supercontinuum source is launched into the OM sample which is immersed into pure water, and absorption spectrum from 1400 to 1700 nm has been achieved by monitoring the additional loss. The trend of the absorption spectrum is similar with that of the reported result, showing that the inline measurement of the optical absorption coefficient is a feasible method for those lower refractive index liquids.     

Derivation of absorption coefficient and reduced scattering coefficient with edge-loss method and comparison with video reflectometry method

We derived the absorption coefficient (μ _a) and the reduced scattering coefficient (μ _s′) using the edge-loss method (ELM) and the video reflectometry method (VRM), and compared the results. In a previous study, we developed the ELM to easily evaluate the lateral spread in the skin; the VRM is a conventional method. The ELM measures the translucency index, which is correlated with μ _a and μ _s′. To obtain a precise estimation of these parameters, we improved the treatment of a white standard and the surface reflection. For both skin phantoms and actual skin, the values for μ _a and μ _s′ that we obtained using the ELM were similar to those obtained using the VRM, when μ _a/μ _s′ was less than or equal to 0.05 and the diffusion approximation was applicable. Under this condition, the spectral reflectivity is greater than 0.4. In this study, we considered wavelengths longer than 600 nm for Types III and IV of the Fitzpatrick scale. For skin, the repeatability errors of the parameters obtained with the ELM were smaller than those obtained with the VRM; this can be an advantage in field tests.     

周期结构表面散射系数测试及修正方法*

无规入射散射系数是描述结构声反射特性的重要参数,在周期结构等典型扩散体的声学设计和室内声场模拟中具有重要的作用。本文给出了混响室法测试无规入射散射系数的原理,对正弦型周期结构进行了实验测试,并针对测试中存在的缺陷,提出了一种考虑空气间隙吸声的修正方法,经验证具有较好的修正效果。     

采用光热辐射计量术测量固体材料的光谱吸收系数

本文采用一种新的测试技术——光热辐射计量术(PTh),对固体材料进行非接触式光谱研究,文中介绍了光热辐射计量理论,并在实验上获得Ce_2O_3粉末和果树叶的相对光谱吸收系数.     

大气气溶胶粒子光吸收系数的测量

采用核孔过滤膜累积气溶胶粒子的方法设计了气溶胶粒子光吸收系数的测量系统。该系统由双光路组成,可以减小光路损耗和电路噪声带来的各种测量误差。同时,具有体积小、光路易于调节、可进行实时测量、定标容易等特点。用200和400nm孔径的过滤膜,分别测量了实验室内大气气溶胶粒子对不同波长激光的吸收系数。随着累积时间的增加,系统的测量精度也不断的提高,在累积时间为900s时,系统测量误差为9.849×10-6/m。     

大气气溶胶粒子光吸收系数的测量

 采用核孔过滤膜累积气溶胶粒子的方法设计了气溶胶粒子光吸收系数的测量系统。该系统由双光路组成,可以减小光路损耗和电路噪声带来的各种测量误差。同时，具有体积小、光路易于调节、可进行实时测量、定标容易等特点。用200和400nm孔径的过滤膜，分别测量了实验室内大气气溶胶粒子对不同波长激光的吸收系数。随着累积时间的增加，系统的测量精度也不断的提高，在累积时间为900s时，系统测量误差为9.849×10^-6/m。     

用力敏传感器测量液体的体胀系数

利用力敏传感器测量液体的体胀系数,改进了传统的实验方法和仪器,实现了非电量电测,提高了实验的准确度和稳定性.     

Measurement of the total absorption coefficient of a KTP crystal

The laser calorimetric measurement of the absorption coefficient in a small cubic 12 × 9 × 9 mm KTP crystal has been investigated experimentally. The absorption coefficient in this crystal is 0.0121 cm^-1, and the measurement accuracy is within 10%.     

Measurement of Brillouin gain coefficient in fluorocarbon liquid

We report the measurements of Brillouin gain coefficients in FC-770, FC-40, FC-43, and FC-70 using a Brillouin oscillator and amplifier system. In contrast to the traditional way, the novel method provides direct measurements of these coefficients with the medium electro-strictive coefficient or with the phonon lifetime absent. Additionally, the Brillouin gain coefficient of FC-70 in this experiment is different from the theoretical work.     

Differential optical spectroscopy for absorption characterization of scattering media

Reflectance techniques are commonly used to characterize the optical properties of tissues. However, the precise determination of local chromophore concentrations in turbid media is usually difficult because of the nonlinear dependence of light intensity as a function of scattering and absorption coefficients. A technique is presented to easily determine absorbent compound concentration ratios in a turbid media from three optical reflectance spectra, in the visible range, measured for source-detector distances less than 1cm. The validity of the method is experimentally established, in cases of sets of diluted milk containing absorbent inks, over a relatively wide range of absorption (0.05-0.5 cm(-1)) and reduced scattering (10-20 cm(-1)) coefficients.     

Measurement of acoustic absorption coefficient with phase-conjugate ultrasonic waves

Experimental results on measurements of the acoustic absorption coefficient in test objects that were obtained with two methods, i.e., a standard insert-substitution method and a modification thereof using phase-conjugate waves, are given. Samples of gelatin and biological tissue in vitro (porcine muscle fibers) were used as test objects. Gelatin objects were manufactured that were both homogeneous and with inhomogeneities in the form of a rough surface or inclusions (air bubbles) distributed over the volume. A rough surface leads mainly to phase distortions of a probe beam, while bubble inclusions cause additional field scattering. For all homogeneous samples, both compared methods produce identical results. In the case of inhomogeneous samples including biological tissues, absorption measurement by a standard method may lead to significant errors. It is demonstrated that the use of properties of phase-conjugate waves provides an opportunity to eliminate almost completely the measurement error connected with phase distortions and reduce the error in the case of a medium with scatterers.     

液滴微粒直径分布的激光散射法测量

本文利用氦氖激光器为光源在自行设计的光散射实验装置上对球形微粒群进行了粒径平均直径及直径分布的理论研究和测量.实验结果表明,本实验装置具有测量精度高、适用范围广和测量粒径范围宽等特点.     

Measurement of the coefficient of translational diffusion in liquid solutions by means of EPR

A new method of diffusion coefficient measurement in liquids under electrolysis is considered. It is shown that the diffusion parameters can be correctly determined from the dependence on the electrolysis time of the EPR signal intensity of the ion radicals formed.     

Measurement of the absorption coefficient for UCN at a copper surface

The probability of ultra-cold neutron capture at a copper surface was measured by the activation method. The experimental absorption coefficient is well accounted for by a calculation which takes into account the presence of a CuO-layer at the surface of a Cu-film.     

水下材料吸隔声性能测试近场长脉冲传递函数法

为消除有限空间壁面反射对大样水下材料声学性能测试的影响,利用传递函数法和脉冲法测试原理,建立声波垂直入射情况下水下材料吸隔声性能测试近场长脉冲传递函数法,10mm均匀钢板模型声学性能试验表明,压力环境下钢板反射及隔声性能测试值与理论值基本一致,反射系数测试偏差小于0.1,隔声量测试偏差小于1dB,可以采用近场长脉冲传递函数法测量声波垂直入射情况下材料声学性能,可有效克服边界反射对测试的影响。     

Measurement of optical constants for dense media by low-coherence dynamic light scattering

We perform the optical constants measurements for different absorption dense media by low-coherence dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. The estimated particle size is used to calculate the scattering coefficient of particles suspended in dense media. The path-length resolved intensity distributions of light backscattered from the absorbing dense media are investigated experimentally by virtue of path-length resolved performance in low-coherence DLS measurements. The absorption coefficient can be obtained by applying the measured path-length resolved intensity distributions to the modified Lambert-Beer law. As a result, we proposed a new low-coherence DLS technique in simultaneous measurement of the scattering and absorption coefficients of absorbing dense media.