Oxidation of aromatic and aliphatic triisopropylsilanylsulfanyls to sulfonyl chlorides: preparation of sulfonamides

A series of aromatic and aliphatic triisopropylsilanylsulfanyls were prepared and oxidized to the sulfonyl chlorides with KNO₃/SO₂Cl₂. The sulfonyl chlorides were characterized via their conversion to sulfonamides.     

Rearrangements in the electron impact induced fragmentations of sulfonyl chlorides

The major fragmentation pattern obsrved in the mass spectra of simple alkane- and arylsulfonyl chlorides may be rationalized by loss of a chlorine atom from the molecular ion, followed by loss of SO₂ with concomitant carbocation formation. The mass spectra of α-mesyl sulfonyl chlorides and napthalenesulfonyl chlorides exhibit ions resulting from chlorine atom migration to the α-carbon atom with concomitant loss of SO₂. The mass spectra of α-mesyl sulfonyl chlorides also show ions which involve chlorine atom migration to the β-sulfonyl group.     

Preparation of sulfonamides from N-silylamines

Sulfonamides have been prepared in high yields by the reactions of N-silylamines with sulfonyl chlorides and fluorides. In a competition experiment, the sulfonyl chlorides were found to be far more reactive than sulfonyl fluorides. The chemistry may be used to prepare aliphatic, aromatic, tertiary, secondary, and primary sulfonamides. It may also be done in the absence of solvent and the byproduct trimethylsilyl chloride recovered in good yield. Primary sulfonamides were synthesized from the sulfonyl chloride with aminotriphenyl silane (Ph₃SiNH₂), a conversion demonstrated with the synthesis of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide.     

One‐Pot Synthesis of Sulfonamides and Sulfonyl Azides from Thiols using Chloramine‐T

A convenient synthesis of sulfonamides and sulfonyl azides from thiols is described. In situ preparation of sulfonyl chlorides from thiols was accomplished by oxidation with chloramine‐T (=N‐chlorotosylamide=N‐chloro‐4‐methylbenzenesulfonamide), tetrabutylammonium chloride (Bu₄NCl), and H₂O. The sulfonyl chlorides were then further allowed to react with excess amine or NaN₃ in the same pot.     

Preparation of polyaryl esters by a new direct polycondensation reaction with arylsulfonyl chlorides in pyridine

Arylsulfonyl chlorides were successfully used as a new condensing agent for the synthesis of polyaryl esters by the direct polycondensation of aromatic dicarboxylic acids and bisphenols. High-molecular-weight polymers (M_w = 84,000) were prepared by reacting dicarboxylic acids with the sulfonyl chlorides in pyridine in the presence of LiCI, followed by treating with a pyridine solution of bisphenols. The polycondensation was significantly affected by factors, such as, the kind of arylsulfonyl chlorides, its amount, the conditions of initial reaction of the acids with the sulfonyl chlorides, the amounts of LiCI added, and dropwise addition of bisphenols.     

Photocatalytic reductive sulfonylation and 1,2-alkyl migration cascades of vinyl cyclobutanols: A synthesis of β-sulfonated cyclopentanones

Abstract

A photoredox strategy to access β-sulfonated cyclopentanones from the reaction of vinyl cyclobutanols with sulfonyl chlorides is described. This reaction employs the inexpensive and easily accessible sulfonyl chlorides as a sulfonyl radical source. The present synthetic protocol is a convenient way to prepare β-sulfonated cyclopentanones.     

Convenient Synthesis of Thioester-Substituted Oxindoles by Palladium-Catalyzed Thiocarbonylative Cyclization with Sulfonyl Chlorides as the Sulfur Source

A general and straightforward strategy for the synthesis of thioester-substituted oxindoles via a palladium-catalyzed thiocarbonylative cyclization process has been developed. With sulfonyl chlorides as promising sulfur source, a wide range of thioester-substituted oxindoles were obtained in moderate to high yields. Both aryl and alkyl sulfonyl chlorides were well tolerated, and Mo(CO)₆ played a dual role as both a CO source and a reductant in this approach.      

Chlorine atom migration in the fragmentation of α-mesyl sulfonyl chlorides

The mass spectra of alkanesulfonyl chlorides can be rationalized by loss of a chlorine atom from the molecular ion, followed by loss of SO₂ with concomitant alkyl cation formation. The mass spectra of two α-mesyl sulfonyl chlorides exhibit a new fragmentation process in which the chlorine atom initially attached to sulfur migrates to the α-carbon atom with loss of SO₂, thereby resulting in retention of chlorine in the alkyl cation.     

Selective Late‐Stage Sulfonyl Chloride Formation from Sulfonamides Enabled by Pyry‐BF4

Reported here is a simple and practical functionalization of primary sulfonamides, by means of a pyrylium salt (Pyry‐BF₄), with nucleophiles. This simple reagent activates the poorly nucleophilic NH₂ group in a sulfonamide, enabling the formation of one of the best electrophiles in organic synthesis: a sulfonyl chloride. Because of the variety of primary sulfonamides in pharmaceutical contexts, special attention has been focused on the direct conversion of densely functionalized primary sulfonamides by a late‐stage formation of the corresponding sulfonyl chloride. A variety of nucleophiles could be engaged in this transformation, thus permitting the synthesis of complex sulfonamides, sulfonates, sulfides, sulfonyl fluorides, and sulfonic acids. The mild reaction conditions and the high selectivity of Pyry‐BF₄ towards NH₂ groups permit the formation of sulfonyl chlorides in a late‐stage fashion, tolerating a preponderance of sensitive functionalities.     

Alkenyl alane-pyridine complexes in a new synthesis of aryl alk-1-enyl sulfoxides

A new and an efficient synthesis of aryl alk-1-enyl sulfoxides is reported. The reaction between alane-pyridine complexes, triphenylphosphine, and sulfonyl chlorides affords the title products in good to excellent yields (70-94%) in short reaction times using mild conditions. The optimal ratio between reagents (alane-pyridine/PPh₃/sulfonyl chloride 1.00/1.35/0.92) was obtained performing a chemiometric analysis. A rationale for the reaction was advanced.     

Synthesis of new monoterpene sulfonic acids and their derivatives

The oxidation of monoterpene thiols with chlorine dioxide afforded new water-soluble sulfonic acids and their derivatives (sulfonothioates and sulfonyl chlorides). The reaction of terpene thiols with ClO₂ gave the corresponding trisulfides. Sulfonothioates with a pinane skeleton showed antibacterial and antifungal activity.     

Novel synthesis of pinacols and sulfones promoted by Sm?NiCl2 bimetallic system

Sm NiCl₂ as a reductive system promoted reductive coupling of aryl adehydes and aryl ketone into pinacols in good yields and also promoted coupling reaction of aryl sulfonyl chlorides and active halides into sulfones in good yields. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Visible-light-irradiated tandem sulfonylation/cyclization of indole tethered alkenes for the synthesis of tetrahydrocarbazoles

A visible-light-mediated reaction of indole derivatives employing arylsulfonyl chlorides as sulfonyl surrogates has been developed, which proceeds via the sequence of reduction of sulfonyl chloride, sulfonylation, and intramolecular cyclization. This mild protocol transforms a diverse array of indole tethered alkenes and simple sulfonyl chlorides into highly valuable functionalized tetrahydrocarbazoles in good yields. This reaction is also suitable for gram-scale synthesis, which provides an efficient and green access to multi-substituted tetrahydrocarbazoles.     

A practical and efficient method for the preparation of sulfonamides utilizing Cl3CCN/PPh3

Cl₃CCN in combination with PPh₃ proved to be a highly reactive reagent for the conversion of sulfonic acids to the corresponding sulfonyl chlorides in refluxing CH₂Cl₂. Upon reaction with amines, the corresponding sulfonamides were obtained in good to excellent yields.     

Metal oxide in aqueous organic solution promoted chemoselective N-sulfonylation of hydrophilic amino alcohols

The reaction of hydrophilic amino alcohols with sulfonyl chlorides in the presence of metal oxide (MgO, CuO, Ag₂O) in aqueous organic solution cleanly provided alkanolsulfonamide. Advantages of this method were mild, neutral reaction conditions, chemoselectivity and easy isolation of the final product.     

Expedient synthesis of sulfinamides from sulfonyl chlorides

Sulfinamides were synthesized from sulfonyl chlorides using a procedure involving in situ reduction of sulfonyl chlorides. The reaction is broad in scope and easy to perform.     

Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Sodium Sulfonates Precursors of Sulfonyl Chlorides and Fluorides

We describe the use of a microwave reaction for the conversion of various bromides to sodium sulfonates that have been further elaborated to sulfonyl chlorides. This new approach leads to much improved yields and shorter reaction times. Representative sulfonyl chlorides serve as precursors for the respective sulfonyl fluorides that are potent inhibitors of the fatty acid amide hydrolase.     

An improved and efficient procedure for the preparation of chiral sulfinates from sulfonyl chloride using triphenylphosphine

An improved procedure of the Sharpless method for the preparation of chiral sulfinates by triphenylphosphine is described. A mixture of sulfonyl chlorides and diacetone-d-glucose or l-menthol in the presence of triethylamine was treated with triphenylphosphine in CH₂Cl₂ at 0°C to give the sulfinates in good yields.     

Umsetzung sekundärer Phosphine mit aromatischen Sulfonsäuren, 3. Mitt.: Umsetzung mit Sulfochloriden

Reaction of sec. phosphines with sulfonyl chlorides in the presence of pyridine gives thiophosphinates. Some of these esters were prepared and a possible reaction mechanism is discussed. Reaction of Ag-diphenylphosphinate with sulfonyl chlorides gave mixed anhydrides of phosphinic and sulfonic acids.     

Convenient One‐Pot Synthesis of Sulfonamides from Thiols using Trichloroisocyanuric Acid

A convenient synthesis of sulfonamides from thiols is described. In situ preparation of sulfonyl chlorides from thiols is accomplished by oxidation with trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA), benzyltrimethylammonium chloride and water (2.5 equiv). The sulfonyl chlorides are then further allowed to react with excess amine in the same reaction vessel. Triethylamine can be optionally added as acid scavenger.