The space of maps from a locally compact space to a Banach space

The space of continuous maps from a topological spaceX to topological spaceY is denoted byC(X,Y) with the compact-open topology. In this paper we prove thatC(X,Y) is an absolute retract ifX is a locally compact separable metric space andY a convex set in a Banach space. From the above fact we know thatC(X,Y) is homomorphic to Hilbert spacel ₂ ifX is a locally compact separable metric space andY a separable Banach space; in particular,C(R ⁿ,R^m) is homomorphic to Hilbert spacel ₂. This research is supported by the Science Foundation of Shanxi Province's Scientific Committee     

A note on the coefficient rings of polynomial rings

LetA andB be two reduced commutative rings with finitely many minimal prime ideals. If the polynomial algebrasA[X ₁ …X _n ]=B[Y ₁ …Y _n ] whereX _i ,Y _iF are variables overA andB respectively, then there exists an injective ring homomorphism ϕ:A→B such thatB is finitely generated over ϕ(A).     

Group rings over Dedekind rings

Seghal posed the following question: IfA andB are rings, doesA[X,X ⁻¹] ℞B[X,X ⁻¹] implyA ℞B. In general the answer to this question is no. In this note we give an affirmative answer in the case thatA andB are Dedekind rings. The author is research assistant at the NFWO.     

On the Loday symbol in the Deligne-Beilinson cohomology

Let A be an algebraic smooth variety over , X ₀,..., X _n be global regular functions on A, be a global invertible regular function on X of value 1 on the divisor Y defined by X ₀ and Z denned by X ₁... X _n. Then the cup product {¦ _A–Z , X ₁,...,X _n} in the Deligne-Beilinson cohomology group H _D ⁿ⁺¹ (A - Z, Y; extends across Z to a so-called Loday symbol, denoted by {, X ₁,..., X_n}, in H _D ⁿ⁺¹ (A,Y,Z(n+1))In this article, we give explicit formulae for {X ₁, ..., X _n} as a ech cocycle. Thereby, one obtains a proof of Beilinson's formula for the evaluation of the Loday symbol along certain homology cycles.Supported by Heisenberg Programm, Max Planck Institut für Mathematik.     

A note on compact Kähler manifolds with nef tangent bundles

In this paper, we study the compact Kähler manifolds whose tangent bundles are numerically effective and whose anti-Kodaira dimensions are equal to one. LetX be a compact Kähler manifold with nef tangent bundle and semiample anti-canonical bundle. We prove that κ(?K _X )=1 if and only if there exists a finite étale coverY→X such thatY??¹×A, whereA is a complex torus. As a consequence, we are able to improve upon a result of T. Fujiwara [3, 4].     

Fano 3-folds with divisible anticanonical class

We show the nonvanishing of H ⁰(X,−K _X ) for any a Fano 3-fold X for which −K _X is a multiple of another Weil divisor in Cl(X). The main case we study is Fano 3-folds with Fano index 2: that is, 3-folds X with rank Pic(X)=1, -factorial terminal singularities and −K _X  = 2A for an ample Weil divisor A. We give a first classification of all possible Hilbert series of such polarised varieties (X,A) and deduce both the nonvanishing of H ⁰(X,−K _X ) and the sharp bound (−K _X )³≥ 8/165. We find the families that can be realised in codimension up to 4.     

Characterization and properties of extreme operators intoC(Y)

LetE be a real (or complex) Banach space,Y a compact Hausdorff space, andC(Y) the space of real (or complex) valued continuous functions onY. IfT is an extreme point in the unit ball of bounded linear operators fromE intoC(Y), then it is shown thatT ^* maps (the natural imbedding inC(Y) ^* of)Y into the weak ^*-closure of extS(E ^*), provided thatY is extremally disconnected, orE=C(X), whereX is a dispersed compact Hausdorff space.     

C-semigroups and strongly continuous semigroups

We show that, whenA generates aC-semigroup, then there existsY such that [M(C)] →Y →X, andA| _Y , the restriction ofA toY, generates a strongly continuous semigroup, where ↪ means “is continuously embedded in” and ‖x‖_[Im(C)]≡‖C ⁻¹ x‖. There also existsW such that [C(W)] →X →W, and an operatorB such thatA=B| _X andB generates a strongly continuous semigroup onW. If theC-semigroup is exponentially bounded, thenY andW may be chosen to be Banach spaces; in general,Y andW are Frechet spaces. If ρ(A) is nonempty, the converse is also true. We construct fractional powers of generators of boundedC-semigroups. We would like to thank R. Bürger for sending preprints, and the referee for pointing out reference [37]. This research was supported by an Ohio University Research Grant.     

On commuting compact self-adjoint operators on a Pontryagin space

Suppose thatA ₁,A ₂, ...,A _n are compact commuting self-adjoint linear maps on a Pontryagin spaceK of indexk and that their joint root subspaceM ₀ at the zero eigenvalue in ⁿ is a nondegenerate subspace. Then there exist joint invariant subspacesH andF inK such thatK=FH,H is a Hilbert space andF is finite-dimensional space withkdimF(n+2)k. We also consider the structure of restrictionsA _j|F in the casek=1.     

On intertwining operators

LetB(H) denote the algebra of operators on the Hilbert spaceH into itself. GivenA,BB(H), defineC (A, B) andR (A, B):B(H)B(H) byC (A, B) X=AX–XB andR(A, B) X=AXB–X. Our purpose in this note is a twofold one. we show firstly that ifA andB ^*B (H) are dominant operators such that the pure part ofB has non-trivial kernel, thenC ⁿ (A, B) X=0, n some natural number, implies thatC (A, B)X=C(A ^*,B ^*)X=0. Secondly, it is shown that ifA andB ^* are contractions withC ₀ completely non-unitary parts, thenR ⁿ (A, B) X=0 for some natural numbern implies thatR (A, B) X=R (A ^*,B ^*)X=C (A, B ^*)X=C (A ^*,B) X=0. In the particular case in whichX is of the Hilbert—Schmidt class, it is shown that his result extends to all contractionsA andB.     

Topological direct sum decompositions of banach spaces

LetY andZ be two closed subspaces of a Banach spaceX such thatY≠lcub;0rcub; andY+Z=X. Then, ifZ is weakly countably determined, there exists a continuous projectionT inX such that ∥T∥=1,T(X)⊃Y, T ⁻¹(0)⊂Z and densT(X)=densY. It follows that every Banach spaceX is the topological direct sum of two subspacesX ₁ andX ₂ such thatX ₁ is reflexive and densX ₂**=densX**/X.     

Topological Representation of Sheaf Cohomology of Sites

For a site & (with enough points), we construct a topological space X(&) and a full embedding ^* of the category of sheaves on & into those on X _(&) (i.e., a morphism of toposes :Sh (X_(&)) Sh(&)). The embedding will be shown to induce a full embedding of derived categories, hence isomorphisms H^*(&,A) = H^*(X_(&), ^*A) for any Abelian sheaf A on &. As a particular case, this will give for any scheme Y a topological space X _(Y) and a functorial isomorphism between the étale cohomology H^*(Y _ét,A) and the ordinary sheaf cohomology H^*(X(_(Y),),^*A), for any sheaf A for the étale topology on Y.     

Counting points in hypercubes and convolution measure algebras

It is shown that ifA andB are non-empty subsets of {0, 1} ⁿ (for somenεN) then |A+B|≧(|A||B|)^α where α=(1/2) log₂ 3 here and in what follows. In particular if |A|=2 ^n-1 then |A+A|≧3 ^n-1 which anwers a question of Brown and Moran. It is also shown that if |A| = 2 ^n-1 then |A+A|=3 ^n-1 if and only if the points ofA lie on a hyperplane inn-dimensions. Necessary and sufficient conditions are also given for |A +B|=(|A||B|)^α. The above results imply the following improvement of a result of Talagrand [7]: ifX andY are compact subsets ofK (the Cantor set) withm(X),m(Y)>0 then λ(X+Y)≧2(m(X)m(Y))^α wherem is the usual measure onK and λ is Lebesgue measure. This also answers a question of Moran (in more precise terms) showing thatm is not concentrated on any proper Raikov system.     

Distributive semiprime rings

It is proved that a right distributive semiprime PI ringA is a left distributive ring and for each elementx ∈A there is a positive integern such thatx ⁿ A=Ax ⁿ . We describe both right distributive right Noetherian rings algebraic over the center of the ring and right distributive left Noetherian PI rings. We also characterize rings all of whose Pierce stalks are right chain right Artin rings. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 58, No. 5, pp. 736–761, November, 1995.     

Strong q-convexity in uniform neighborhoods of subvarieties in coverings of complex spaces

The main result is that, for any projective compact analytic subset Y of dimension q > 0 in a reduced complex space X, there is a neighborhood Ω of Y such that, for any covering space ${\Upsilon\colon\widehat X\to X}The main result is that, for any projective compact analytic subset Y of dimension q > 0 in a reduced complex space X, there is a neighborhood Ω of Y such that, for any covering space U\colon[^(X)]? X{\Upsilon\colon\widehat X\to X} in which [^(Y)] o U^-1(Y){\widehat Y\equiv\Upsilon^{-1}(Y)} has no noncompact connected analytic subsets of pure dimension q with only compact irreducible components, there exists a C ^∞ exhaustion function j{\varphi} on [^(X)]{\widehat X} which is strongly q-convex on [^(W)]=U^-1(W){\widehat\Omega=\Upsilon^{-1}(\Omega)} outside a uniform neighborhood of the q-dimensional compact irreducible components of [^(Y)]{\widehat Y}.     

Periodic number for Anosov maps

LetX be a compact metric space and letf: X→X be an Anosov map,i.e., an expansive selfmap with the pseudoorbit tracing property (abbr. POTP) (see Lemma 1). IfNn(f) denotes the number of fixed points off ⁿ which we name here then-periodic number then we prove in the case asn tends to infinity thatn ^M ≤N_n(f)≤Hⁿ, whereM andH are two positive integers.     

Strictly antipodal sets

A subsetA ofE ³ is called strictly antipodal provided that for every pairX ₁,X ₂ of points ofA there is a pairH ₁,H ₂ of parallel supporting planes ofA such thatH _i ∩A={X _i}. The main result asserts that a strictly antipodal set has at most five points. This strengthens a recent result of Croft [2]. This research was supported in part by the United States Air Force under Grant No. AF-EOAR 63-63 and monitored by the European Office, Office of Aerospace Research.     

Algebraic Osculation and Application to Factorization of Sparse Polynomials

We prove a theorem on algebraic osculation and apply our result to the computer algebra problem of polynomial factorization. We consider X a smooth completion of ℂ² and D an effective divisor with support the boundary ∂X=X∖ℂ². Our main result gives explicit conditions that are necessary and sufficient for a given Cartier divisor on the subscheme (|D|,O_D)(|D|,\mathcal{O}_{D}) to extend to X. These osculation criteria are expressed with residues. When applied to the toric setting, our result gives rise to a new algorithm for factoring sparse bivariate polynomials which takes into account the geometry of the Newton polytope.     

Compactifications whose remainders are zero dimensional and retract

LetX be a locally compact non compact space. Necessary and sufficient conditions forfX/X to be a retract offX are given wherefX is the Freudenthal compactification ofX. LetX be a locally compact and zero dimensional space,m be any cardinal number andJ be a set with cardinalitym. It is proved thatX has a dyadic family of powerm if and only if there exist and compactificationY ofX such thatY/X=2 ^J andY/X is a retract ofY.     

Tiling convex sets by translates

LetK be a compact, convex subset ofE ^dwhich can be tiled by a finite number of disjoint (on interiors) translates of some compact setY. Then we may writeK=X+Y, whereX is finite. The possible structures forK, X andY are completely determined under these conditions.