银溶胶自组装表面增强光纤拉曼探针的研究

利用表面增强拉曼 (SERS)技术对光纤表面进行修饰 ,构造了表面增强光纤拉曼光谱传感器。选取了几个有代表性的分子作为检测样品 ,得到了低浓度样品的SERS光谱。结果表明 ,可以将制备SERS活性基底的方法移植到光纤表面来制备SERS活性光纤探针。     

基于倏逝波的光纤生物传感器研究

构建了一种以光纤束作为激发光信号和荧光信号传输通道的光纤生物传感器结构.根据光纤探针的倏逝波理论和模式匹配理论对光纤探针的几何形状进行了设计,制作了数组光纤探针并根据需要对其中一部分进行荧光标记.选择了光纤探针置于空气中和水溶液中两种情况,对光纤传感器系统进行了信号检测实验,对比标记了的和未标记的相同几何结构参数的光纤探针两者在系统中被探测的信号差异.从二者的差别区分出系统所探测的倏逝波激发的荧光信号,证明了该光纤传感器系统的可行性.     

基于表面等离子体共振原理的空芯光纤传感器

设计了一种基于表面等离子体共振原理,使用空芯光纤作为光波导、外表面镀金属膜的光学材料圆柱体作为探头的新型折射率传感器。通过建立光学模型进行分析,在理论上推导出了这种传感器的传输光谱损耗公式,并针对该传感器在不同的光纤长度、探头材料、检测物质折射率等参数设置下的检测性能进行了分析,获得了各种参数对其性能的影响。由于该传感器可针对不同折射率的检测物质灵活地更换合适探头材料,相对于传统的表面等离子体共振光纤传感器,在易用性和性价比等方面具有更好的应用价值。     

微腔型银修饰光纤SERS探针的制备及性能研究

提出了一种基于银修饰的微腔型光纤表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）探针,采用湿法检测,将光纤SERS探针直接放入待测溶液中,以罗丹明6G（R6G）溶液为探针分子,对所制备的光纤SERS探针进行远端实验性能研究。利用氢氟酸化学腐蚀的方法制备了一种微腔型光纤结构,通过控制氢氟酸的腐蚀时间得到了一系列不同腐蚀时间、不同微腔长度的光纤结构。实验研究了光纤结构的微腔长度对光纤SERS探针性能的影响,以浓度为10-3 mol·L-1的R6G溶液为探针分子,通过不断地优化纳米银溶胶与R6G溶液的混合顺序及比例,采用裸光纤微腔结构对混合溶液进行拉曼检测,发现当混合溶液的混合顺序及比例为先后混合等体积的纳米银溶胶和R6G溶液时,此时得到的混合溶液的拉曼信号增强性能最佳。利用得到的混合溶液去寻找拉曼信号增强效果最高时光纤微腔结构的结构参数,实验结果表明,在相同的实验条件下,当光纤放入氢氟酸中腐蚀时间为5 min时,此时光纤微腔结构的拉曼信号增强效果最佳。在显微镜下测量的多组腐蚀时间为5 min的光纤,其微腔长度平均约为81 μm。对得到的光纤微腔结构,采用制备过程可控的磁控溅射技术制备了一系列银纳米薄膜/多模光纤（Ag/MMF）的复合材料。当磁控溅射时间为10 min时,获得了光纤SERS探针（Ag/MMF-10）。实验以去离子水配制了不同浓度的R6G溶液,以不同浓度的R6G溶液为探针分子,Ag/MMF-10探针的远端检测限（LOD）低至10-7 mol·L-1。该光纤SERS探针拉曼信号的再现性光谱检测中显示各个特征峰的相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于10%。同时,该光纤SERS探针对浓度为10-6 mol·L-1的R6G溶液的增强因子（AEF）可高达2.64×106。实验结果表明所制备的银修饰的光纤SERS基底具有较高的灵敏度和良好的再现性。因此,该光纤SERS探针在生物医学检测、农残化学分析等痕量检测方面有潜在的应用价值。     

光纤倏逝波生物传感器光纤探头的耦合光束限定

根据光纤的模式匹配理论计算了给定条件下光纤探头的模式匹配半径,以此匹配半径为基础分析了激发光在锥型光纤探头中的光线传输轨迹.结果表明,在此条件下如不对光纤探头的耦合光束进行限定,将有一部分激发光在锥型光纤探头中因不满足全反射的传输条件而透射出光纤探头,从而使传感器系统得到虚假检测信息.针对此问题,在光纤倏逝波生物传感器的系统设计中给出了具体的解决方法.     

锥形光纤SERS探针的工艺优化和拉曼光谱增强实验

采用化学腐蚀法制备锥形光纤,采用溶液化学沉积法将银纳米颗粒修饰到锥形光纤端面,形成光纤表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)探针。改变反应温度、沉积时间、硝酸银溶液浓度等关键参数,优化了光纤SERS探针的制备工艺。以R6G为探针分子,对不同工艺条件制备的光纤SERS探针进行拉曼测试实验。结果表明:在室温下,当沉积时间为120s、硝酸银溶液浓度为0.1mol/L时,最优的增强因子约为10~(10),此时光纤SERS探针的拉曼检测性能最好。对应10组样品的银纳米颗粒的直径和面积覆盖率,利用FDTD Solutions进行仿真建模分析,计算得到了拉曼增强因子理论值为10~7~10~8。     

基于光频域反射仪的光纤水听器探头结构形变研究

光纤水听器探头在深海静水压力下存在变形，这会影响其对水下声信号的探测性能，甚至会使探头失稳而无法在深海环境中继续作业。传统电学传感器因受限于尺寸和电磁干扰等因素，故难以被用于水听器探头的形变监测中。光纤光栅点式传感器的空间分辨率较低，故也无法对尺寸小的光纤水听器探头进行全分布式力学监测。为此，提出了一种基于光频域反射仪的高空间分辨率、高精度的光纤水听器探头形变监测方法。在实验中，光纤紧密缠绕在水听器探头的表面，采用自主研制的分布式光纤形状监测分析仪测量了探头形变产生的光纤瑞利散射光谱的波长漂移，并采用逆向积分的方法实现了探头形状的二维重构。研究结果表明：随着静水压力的增大，水听器探头直径逐渐缩小，并沿周向出现周期性凹陷；当静压力达到6 MPa时，三个周期性凹陷深度达到124μm。该实验研究结果与基于ANASYS的耐压性仿真结果相符。     

蓝宝石光纤探针传感器探针研制工艺及传光测试

在分析比较传统光纤探针研制工艺特点的基础上认为其不适用于蓝宝石光纤,因此提出了基于研磨抛光系统的光纤探针制备工艺。介绍了研磨系统的组成及运作方式,阐述了光纤探针制备过程中研磨抛光与固化的主要流程。最后使用光学仿真软件Zemax进行了光纤探针传输效率的仿真测试,仿真结果表明采用940nm波段光源及"面对面"探头安置方式时光纤探针传输效率最高。可应用于蓝宝石光纤探针传感器系统的搭建。     

大孔柚子型微结构光纤探针的表面增强拉曼散射性能研究

随着光纤制备工艺以及纳米材料制备技术的发展,光纤探针已成为一种新型的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)基底,通过在普通单模光纤或多模光纤上制备不同的结构并修饰相应的纳米材料,可以得到多种类型的光纤表面增强拉曼散射探针,并实现较好的检测效果。但受限于光纤本身的结构,普通光纤仅能利用端面或侧表面提供拉曼检测的“热点”区域,限制了其SERS性能的进一步提高。因此制备了大孔柚子型微结构光纤(MSF)表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)探针,其中大孔柚子型MSF SERS探针结构通过一段阶跃多模光纤与柚子型微结构光纤熔接制得。实验分别对自制的纳米银溶胶基底以及大孔柚子型MSF SERS探针的SERS性能进行检测。采用溶胶自组装法制备负载银纳米颗粒的MSF SERS探针,通过控制自组装时间制备不同光纤SERS探针(Ag/MSF-x,其中x为自组装时间,分别为15、 30、 45、 60 min)。采用溶液检测方法,利用Ag/MSF-x探针对10^-3 mol·L^-1的亚甲基蓝(MB)探针分子进行检测,通过比较相同条件下的增强效果筛选得到Ag/MSF-45探针。为进一步检...     

光纤光栅法布里-珀罗传感器频分复用技术

理论分析了光纤光栅法布里-珀罗(F-P)传感器频分复用技术的原理,并给出了信号处理对腔长选取的要求。数值模拟结果表明,不同腔长的传感器具有不同的谐振条纹频率,为保证频域中的信号不发生重叠,要求不同光纤光栅法布里-珀罗传感器间的腔长之差必须大于光纤光栅的长度。进一步的实验及模拟分析结果发现,温度等待测量的变化仅仅使光纤光栅法布里-珀罗传感器的反射光谱整体平移,相应的频域信号只产生相移而形状不发生变化,因而不能采用普通光纤法布里-珀罗(FFP)传感器的腔长傅里叶变换解调法解调频分复用光纤光栅法布里-珀罗传感器的信号。根据这一特点,提出了利用自相关分析实现频分复用传感器系统信号解调的方案。     

金膜与银膜光纤SPR传感器

不同的金属传感层对光纤SPR传感器的特性有着重要的影响.根据该传感器的理论公式,计算了金膜、银膜传感器的输出光谱,并与实验结果进行了比较.结果表明,银膜光纤SPR传感器的理论输出光谱和实验检测光谱吻合很好,而金膜吻合较差.分析了出现这种偏差的原因.     

Experimental verification of response of embedded optical fiber Bragg grating sensors in non-homogeneous strain fields

One of the advantages of optical fiber sensors is their ease of embedment within a structure for non-destructive strain monitoring. In particular, Bragg grating sensors are written directly into an optical fiber hence remaining unobtrusive. In addition, several gratings can be written in series along a single fiber, permitting sensing at discrete points throughout the strain field. However, in regions of strong strain gradients, measuring the strain at discrete points may not be sufficient. One solution is to write a Bragg grating longer than the strain region of interest and use the change in its spectral response to determine the applied strain field as a function of position along the fiber. This paper presents an experimental verification of the response of an embedded optical fiber Bragg grating (OFBG) to applied non-homogeneous strain fields. Optical fiber Bragg grating sensors were embedded in four epoxy specimens of different forms so as to apply known strain functions along the gauge length when the specimen is under uniaxial tension. The complete spectral response of the Bragg gratings was then measured as a function of increasing load. The results are compared with analytical calculations, based on the piecewise-uniform period assumption for chirped gratings. Finally, the use of these spectra is discussed as possible basis functions for the resolution of an arbitrary applied strain distribution.     

新型分布式光纤拉曼光子温度传感器系统

讨论了2kmFGC-W2，10kmFGC-W10和30kmFGC-W30分布式光纤拉曼光子温度传感器系统的工作原理和系统的结构，介绍了国内外分布式光纤拉曼光子温度传感系统的研究现状，提出了分布式光纤拉曼光子温度传感器系统的发展方向。     

Raman spectroscopy measurement of levofloxacin lactate in blood using an optical fiber nano‐probe

Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were time‐consuming and expensive as the main methods for the drug analysis at present, and the samples must be pretreated. The Raman spectroscopy measurement methods were fast and simple, so the Raman spectroscopy methods for the drug analysis were explored in this paper. An optical fiber nano‐probe coated with gold nanoparticles was fabricated and used with surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to measure levofloxacin lactate. The resulting SERS spectra of levofloxacin lactate in mouse blood that was detected by the optical fiber nano‐probe clearly showed the characteristic wave numbers of levofloxacin lactate, indicating that optical fiber nano‐probes can be used with spectral techniques to analyze drugs in vitro or potentially even in vivo. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

亚微米直径光纤的非线性特性研究

用电磁场的严格解分析了亚微米直径光纤的非线性系数,发现光纤直径在700 nm左右（亚微米量级）非线性系数较大,喇曼阈值较小,喇曼增益谱线较多;受激喇曼散射特性的分析表明,由于直径小,光纤在较小的泵浦光功率作用下能量密度就很大,因此很容易观察到受激喇曼散射.实验结果表明,理论分析与实验结果吻合得很好.     

Fiber‐optic sensor active networking with distributed erbium‐doped fiber and Raman amplification

This work is meant to provide a review of different multiplexing topologies employing distributed erbium‐doped fiber and Raman amplification to solve the problem of power‐loss compensation in fiber‐optic sensor (FOS) networks. This is a key parameter in large multiplexing networks, particularly when employing intensity‐modulated sensors. These topologies are studied both theoretically and experimentally, and a comparative analysis is carried out between them. The main parameters considered in the analysis are power budget, optical signal‐to‐noise ratios, scalability and architecture complexity.     

A smart optical liquid level sensor based on Hg cladding optical waveguide

A smart optical liquid level sensor based on the theory of connected vessels is introduced. The Hg cladding optical waveguide (HCOW) is taken as its probe, and the change of liquid level is presented by the change of the HCOW length. Both the theoretical analysis and experiments show that when the waveguide diameter and the light wavelength are certain, the optical power loss decreased linearly with the increase of the HCOW length. By detecting the power loss of HCOW, optimizing the structure of probe and selecting the appropriate apparatus for detection, the real time detection of liquid level with high precision can be got. The experimental results show that the measurement accuracy is 5.2 mm within 10 m liquid level, and its theoretical precision can be up to 0.02%.     

Improved performance of SPR sensors by a chemical etching of tapered optical fibers

We present the results of a chemical attack on the optical fiber surface previous to the deposition of the double layer (metal plus dielectric) in Double-layer uniform-waist tapered fibers (DLUWTs) used for the development of SPR sensors. It is shown how this simple chemical treatment increases the roughness of the surface and permits improvement of the stability of the deposits and the general performance of the sensors. The obtained devices are robust and very compact, their sensitivity is good and repeatability of the measurements is remarkably increased. The procedure can be useful for any fiber-optic sensor.     

A planar lightwave circuit based micro interrogator and its applications to the interrogation of multiplexed optical fiber Bragg grating sensors

Optical fiber Bragg grating sensors have found potential applications in many fields, but the lack of a simple, field deployable and low cost interrogation system is hindering their deployment. To tackle this, we have developed a micro optical sensor interrogator using a monolithically integrated planar lightwave circuit based echelle diffractive grating demultiplexer and a detector array. The design and development of this device are presented in this paper. It has been found that the measurement range of this micro interrogator is more than 25 nm with better than 1 pm resolution. This paper also reports the applications of the micro interrogator developed to the monitoring of commercial optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensors and mechanical sensors. The results obtained are very satisfactory and in some cases, they are better than those obtained using commercial bench top lab equipment.