扶手椅型碳化硅纳米管的电子输运特性

采用结合密度泛函理论的非平衡格林函数法(4, 4)对扶手椅型碳化硅纳米管的电子输运特性进行了研究。碳化硅纳米管的平衡态透射谱的费米能级附近存在大约2.12 eV的透射谷,这表明碳化硅纳米管是宽带隙半导体材料,与第一性原理的计算结果是一致的;在非平衡态输运特性中,发现了微分负阻效应,该效应是偏压引起态密度变化的结果。论文的研究对碳化硅纳米管电子器件的建模与仿真具有较重要的意义。     

氧化钨基室温气敏传感器的研究进展

氧化钨(WO_3)基半导体气体传感器对NO_2等气体具有较好的气敏特性。为了将传感器工作温度降低至室温,研究者们尝试了各种方法,如合成新型纳米材料、紫外光和可见光照射等。主要介绍了近年来WO_3基气敏材料在室温条件下其气敏性能的最新研究进展,展现了近年来WO_3基室温气体传感器的最新研究成果。并提出通过合成具有p-n异质结构的材料、开发新型纳米结构、增加材料中氧空位浓度以减小材料带隙宽度有可能是WO_3室温气体传感器下一下阶段的研究重点。     

碳纳米管场效应型DMMP气敏传感器研究

基于单壁碳纳米管(SWCNT)的场效应气体传感器由于具有传感性能好、体积小、室温操作和加偏压自我解吸附等优良性能,有着广泛的应用前景。利用单壁碳纳米管自组装技术在SiO2/Si基底上制备均匀分布的SWCNT薄膜,将其作为沟道制作了具有灵敏开关特性的场效应晶体管(FET),该FET器件的开关比达到105。将此FET器件作为气体传感芯片用于甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)气体分子的检测。结果显示,当通入DMMP气体时,器件的阈值电压向负栅电压方向移动。当DMMP体积分数为5×10-6,栅压为-10 V时,器件的灵敏度达到32%,响应时间为300 s。在15 V的栅压下器件能够很快地实现气体解吸附。     

硅纳米管和纳米线场效应晶体管的模拟和比较

从硅纳米管和纳米线场效应晶体管的结构出发,先用Silvaco公司的TCAD仿真软件模拟出硅纳米管和纳米线的电势分布,然后根据电势分布依次求出两种器件的有效哈密顿量、非平衡格林函数及自能函数和电子浓度,再从电子浓度推导出电流密度与电压方程,并对其进行了分析比较。仿真结果显示,在沟道横截面积相同的情况下,纳米管器件的阈值电压比纳米线器件的高,且随管内外径之差的增加而减小。栅压比较大的情况下,在饱和区纳米管器件比纳米线器件能提供更大的驱动电流。两者在亚阈值区域表现相似,亚阈值摆幅分别为58和57 mV/dec。纳米管器件的饱和电压比纳米线器件的略小,在饱和区纳米管器件的电流更加平直,短沟道效应更不明显。     

一种新型气敏传感器的研究

本文以一种新型有机半导体材料——三明治型稀土金属元素镨双酞菁配合物(Pr ₂) 为气敏材料,利用Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)超薄膜技术,将Pr ₂以1:3的配比与十八烷醇(OA)的混合LB多层膜(Pr ₂/OA)拉制在自行设计的场效应晶体管上,形成了一种新型的以LB膜取代通常的MOSFET中栅金属的化学场效应管器件.将该器件放入NO₂气体中,随着气体浓度和LB膜层数的变化,器件的漏电流I_DS将产生0.05×10^-6A~1.5×10^-6A的变化,探测灵敏度可达到5ppmNO₂,这种气敏传感器的气敏特性受到FET的电流放大作用和LB膜有序性的影响.     

氧化铁气体传感器研究II.α- Fe_2O_3气敏特性

本文通过对α-Fe_2O_3,基半导体陶瓷材料的气敏效应、催化效应、磁性和X光电子能谱的测定,探讨了该材料的气敏特性和气敏机制.此类材料,可通过掺杂和控制其晶粒大小,以及控制陶瓷的孔隙度来提高灵敏度;纯态α-Fe_2O_3的气敏机制属体控制型为主.     

(8, 0)碳纳米管/碳化硅纳米管异质结输运特性的研究

A two-probe system of the heterojunction formed by an （8, 0） carbon nanotube （CNT） and an （8, 0） silicon carbide nanotube （SiCNT） was established based on its optimized structure. By using a method combining nonequilibrium Green＇s function （NEGF） with density functional theory （DFF）, the transport properties of the het-erojunction were investigated. Our study reveals that the highest occupied molecular orbital （HOMO） has a higher electron density on the CNT section and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital （LUMO） mainly concentrates on the interface and the SiCNT section. The positive and negative threshold voltages are ＋1.8 and -2.2 V, respectively.     

氧分压影响SnO_2气敏传感器响应的机理

本文报道了一种SnO_2气敏传感器敏感机理的新模型。SnO_2晶粒表面势垒由3个过程控制:(1)氧吸附(作电子受主)和脱附,(2)还原性气体吸附(作电子施主)和脱附,(3)表面氧化还原反应。据此可以很好地解释实验中发现的氧分压对气敏传感器响应的影响。     

基于电荷流动晶体管的新型气敏传感器

在通常的MOSFET基础上,根据电荷流动电容器原理,设计了一种新型的栅区开槽的电荷流动场效应管(CFT),并以一种新型有机半导体材料--三明治型稀土金属元素镨双酞菁配合物(Pr[Pc(OC8H17)8]2为气敏材料,取代栅极中的间隙位置.利用LB超分子薄膜技术,将Pr[Pc(OC8H17)8]2以1∶3的配比与十八烷醇(OA)混合的LB多层膜(Pr[Pc(OC8H17)8]2-OA)拉制在CFT上,形成了一种新型的具有CFT结构的LB膜NO2气敏传感器.当对该器件加一栅压VGS时(大于阈值电压),由于高阻敏感膜充电达VGS需要一段时间,因而漏电流出现延迟现象.这种弛豫与NO2气体浓度有关,室温下探测灵敏度可达5ppm NO2.     

基于电荷流动晶体管的新型气敏传感器

在通常的 MOSFET基础上 ,根据电荷流动电容器原理 ,设计了一种新型的栅区开槽的电荷流动场效应管(CFT) ,并以一种新型有机半导体材料——三明治型稀土金属元素镨双酞菁配合物 (Pr[Pc(OC8H1 7) 8]2 为气敏材料 ,取代栅极中的间隙位置 .利用 L B超分子薄膜技术 ,将 Pr[Pc(OC8H1 7) 8]2 以 1∶ 3的配比与十八烷醇 (OA)混合的 L B多层膜 (Pr[Pc(OC8H1 7) 8]2 - OA)拉制在 CFT上 ,形成了一种新型的具有 CFT结构的 L B膜 NO2 气敏传感器 .当对该器件加一栅压 VGS时 (大于阈值电压 ) ,由于高阻敏感膜充电达 VGS需要一段时间 ,因而漏电流出现延迟现象 .     

Working mechanism of a SiC nanotube NO_2 gas sensor

The working mechanism of sensors plays an important role in their simulation and design, which is the foundation of their applications. A model of a nanotube NO_2 gas sensor system is established based on an (8, 0) silicon carbide nanotube (SiCNT) with a NO_2 molecule adsorbed. The transport properties of the system are studied with a method combining density functional theory (DFT) with the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF). The adsorbed gas molecule plays an important role in the transport properties of the gas sensor, which results in the formation of a transmission peak near the Fermi energy. More importantly, the adsorption leads to different voltage current characteristics of the sensor to that with no adsorption; the difference is large enough to detect the presence of NO_2 gas.     

UV light activated gas sensor for NO2 detection

In the present study, UV light activated gas sensor was investigated for Al/Al₂O₃/p-Si and Al/TiO₂/Al₂O₃/p-Si samplesby atomic layer deposition method (ALD). Generally, in order to obtain the sensing performance, traditional metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors are operated at 100–400 °C. However, this temperature range limits their applications to flammable gases, and causes high power consumption. It is important to note that sensing performance experiments should have been performed at room temperature. With the support of UV light, gas sensors do not need to be heated and they can work at room temperature easily. For this purpose, electrical measurements have been performed on sensing performance with and without UV irradiation for dedection of NO₂ gas. With the help of UV irradition, we obtained good sensitivity at the room temperature for Al/TiO₂/Al₂O₃/p-Sistructure but under the same conditions no result was obtained for Al/Al₂O₃/p-Si structure. Without UV irradiation, there was no sensitivity for both.We observed that increasing of sensitivities at the room temperature show a direct effect of the light on the adsorbed oxygen ions. According to the relation of photocatalytic reaction and photoactivated gas sensing process, we concluded that TiO₂ might be an acceptable sensor for detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) at room temperature under UV illumination.     

SnO2厚膜NO2新型气敏元件的研制

根据霍耳效应,用真空镀膜法制备之SnO2厚膜,制备了NO2新型气敏元件,并对其气敏性能进行了测试。结果表明:在一定的温度和湿度下,即使没有加热,元件对体积分数为20×10–6的NO2气体的灵敏度可达5.94,响应时间为36 s,恢复时间为22 s。因此,利用霍耳效应来制作气敏元件是一条可行的新思路。     

Fiber optic gas sensor with nanocrystalline ZnO

A fiber optic gas sensor with a PMMA fiber whose clad is modified with chemically sensitive nano-crystalline zinc oxide has been developed and investigated to detect acetone, isopropyl alcohol and benzene gases. The spectral characteristics of the sensor were recorded for different concentrations ranging from (0–500 ppm) for these gases both with as-prepared and annealed nanocrystalline ZnO, and the influence of annealing on the gas sensing has been studied.The response time and recovery time were found to be 48 min. and 42 min. respectively for 500 ppm concentration.     

并矢分析在电磁场求解中的应用

给出广义电磁场矢量和并矢波动方程的格林函数积分解,在物理定律和边界条件的约束下,用并矢分析的方法证明了两解的同解性,并对自由空间并矢格林函数的对称性进行了并矢分析展开验证。结合并矢分析法求解电磁场的两个应用实例,表明并矢分析法相对于传统方法具有简捷明了的特性。     

Response time and mechanism of Pd modified TiO2 gas sensor

In this work, gas response properties of Pd modified TiO₂ sensing films are discussed when exposed to H₂ and O₂. TiO₂ films are surface modified in PdCl₂-containing solution by the dipping method and treated for different treatment times to get different surface states. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Kröger–Vink defect theory are used to characterize the sensing films. The gas response properties indicate that the sensor response time which related to the rate of change of sensor resistance is affected by the activation energy (E). In particular, the sensor treated at 900 °C for 2 h exhibits a response time of about 20–240 ms when exposed to H₂ and 40–130 ms when exposed to O₂ at 500–800 °C.     

射频反应磁控溅射掺杂MWCNTs的SnO2薄膜NO2气敏传感器的研究

采用射频反应磁控溅射方法制备了氧化锡/多壁碳纳米管（SnO2/MWCNTs）薄膜材料,并在此基础上研制NO2气敏传感器。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、X光电子能谱仪（XPS）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）来研究WO3/MWCNTs材料的表面形貌、表面化学状态、表面化学元素等材料特性,研究结果表明MWCNTs已经掺杂进SnO2材料,合成的SnO2/MWCNTs气敏传感器表现出对低浓度（甚至低于10ppb）的NO2气体有较高的灵敏度和较好的反应-恢复特性,并解释了该传感器的工作机理是基于pn结（P型MWCNTs和N型SnO2)作用的结果。     

新型固体电解质SO2传感器的研制

以sol-gel法制备的NASICON(Na3Zr2Si2PO12)为基体材料,掺杂了V2O5的TiO2为辅助电极材料,制备了一种管式结构的固体电解质SO2传感器。当工作温度为300℃时,以V2O5与(V2O5+TiO2)的质量比为5%的材料为辅助电极材料时,传感器对体积分数为(1~50)×10–6的SO2表现出了较好的气敏性能,传感器的电动势E值与SO2浓度的对数呈很好的线性关系,传感器的灵敏度为78mV/decade。同时,传感器对50×10–6的SO2的响应恢复时间分别为10s和35s,且有较好的选择性。     

基于气体传感器的仿生电子鼻设计

电子鼻能够对极微量的气体进行无损伤检测,文中设计一种基于气体传感器的仿生电子鼻系统,并完成了电子鼻系统硬件电路及软件的设计,在此基础上设计了电子鼻系统的流道结构,完成了电子鼻系统整体结构的设计及能够实现电子鼻系统的整体组装。