铁、镧共掺杂介孔TiO2微球的制备及光催化性能研究

以钛酸异丙酯为钛源,利用三嵌段共聚物EO106 PO70 EO106(F127)修饰的溶胶-凝胶法合成了La、Fe共掺杂的单分散TiO2介孔微球.并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、能谱分析(EDX)、透射电镜(TEM)、BET、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见光漫反射技术对样品的物相组成及微观结构进行了表征,利用紫外光照射降解亚甲基蓝溶液的方法测定其光催化性能.结果表明:与纯TiO2介孔微球相比,La3+的掺入抑制了TiO2晶粒的长大,La3+和Fe3+共掺入TiO2介孔微球的紫外-可见光的吸收带边发生红移,禁带宽度减小;在紫外光照射下,1at;La3+掺杂以及Fe3+、La3+共掺TiO2介孔微球的光催化活性均高于纯TiO2,其中1at;Fe/1at;La-TiO2的光催化性能最好.     

钛硅复合氧化物晶体结构及光催化性能研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2和钛硅复合氧化物,对样品进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积测试(BET)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)分析,并以甲基橙为模拟污染物,考察了其光催化性能.结果发现,添加硅能有效的阻碍TiO2晶型转变,抑制TiO2晶粒生长,细化晶粒,增大粒子的比表面积,加入硅还能使TiO2带隙能增加,使其具有更强的氧化还原能力;钛硅复合氧化物具有较高的光催化活性,当煅烧温度为900℃,添加硅的摩尔分数为20;时,光催化活性最佳.     

介孔氧化锌的微乳液法制备及表征

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)/苯乙烯/硝酸锌溶液/过硫酸钾组成的聚苯乙烯微乳液为模板,提出一种制备介孔氧化锌的简易方法,研究了煅烧温度对介孔氧化锌结构特性的影响,提出了介孔形成的可能机制.结果表明:煅烧温度较高时,所得介孔氧化锌的孔径较大,比表面积较小;当煅烧温度为 500℃时,所得纳米氧化锌的比表面积为 11.013 m2·g-1,孔容为0.135 cm3·g-1,介孔分布在40.2 nm左右.此外,光催化降解亚甲基蓝的实验表明所制备的介孔 ZnO 具有较高的光催化性能.     

高比表面介孔碳的制备及其对溶菌酶的吸附研究

以间苯二酚-甲醛为碳源前驱体,正硅酸乙酯为硅源前驱体,嵌段聚合物F127(PEO106PPO70PEO106)为模板剂,在酸性条件下采用三组分共组装制备了具有介孔结构的碳硅复合材料.通过NaOH清洗去除硅元素可以得到具有更高面积和孔容的介孔碳.TEM和小角XRD结果表明,添加了正硅酸乙酯后所得介孔材料由有序结构变为无序蠕虫状.介孔碳材料的比表面积由389 m2/g增加到602 m2/g,孔容由0.45 cm3/g增加到0.58 cm3/g.所得介孔材料对溶菌酶的吸附量随着介孔材料比表面积和孔容的增加而增大.纯介孔碳的吸附行为符合Langmuir等温线吸附拟合,高比表面介孔碳的吸附过程符合Freundlich等温线吸附拟合.     

常压干燥法制备铁掺杂二氧化钛气凝胶

以钛酸四丁酯(TRIP)为原料、硝酸铁为掺杂剂、冰醋酸为催化剂、甲酰胺为干燥控制化学添加剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Fe3+掺杂TiO2醇凝胶,并结合常压干燥工艺,实现了Fe3+掺杂TiO2气凝胶的常压干燥法制备.采用XRD、BET、SEM、IR等对样品进行检测.结果表明:制备态Fe3+掺杂TiO2气凝胶密度为0.24 g/cm3,比表面积为529.17 m2/g,平均孔径约为20.10 nm,晶型为无定形;经850℃空气气氛下煅烧2h后,样品转变为锐钛矿型结构,平均孔径增大到22.32 nm,比表面积为136.22 m2/g.通过甲基橙溶液光催化降解实验,相比未掺杂二氧化钛气凝胶,掺入nFe∶nTi=0.05时,样品具有更高的光催化性能.     

硅铝胶固载掺氮TiO2介孔光催化材料的原位共生合成及表征

以硅酸钠和硫酸铝为生成硅铝胶载体的硅源和铝源,以硫酸钛为生成锐钛矿型TiO2的钛源,尿素为掺杂氮源,先通过溶胶-凝胶和水热法原位共生合成产物前躯体,再在氮气气氛下结晶化烧结制得硅铝胶固载掺氮TiO2介孔材料(N/TiO2-SiO2·Al2 O3).借助广角XRD、小角度XRD、透射电子显微镜TEM和X射线光电子能谱XPS等测试手段对所得材料进行了微观结构表征和介孔结构观察,并研究了负载量和烧结温度等条件对介孔结构状态的影响.所得结果表明,所得材料的微观结构为规整性高、尺寸约3～6 nm的网格状介孔结构聚集成尺寸约100～ 200nm团簇,而尺寸为数十纳米的锐钛矿TiO2晶粒分布在网格状介孔结构中.从增强锐钛矿的光催化效应和有利于形成介孔结构两方面优化,TiO2的负载量以摩尔比n(Si)∶ n(Ti)=1∶(0.1 ～0.5)为适当范围.虽然锐钛矿晶型可在很宽温度范围存在于硅铝骨架结构中,但从有利于介孔结构的形成考虑650℃左右的结晶化烧结温度为最佳.     

介孔碳负载Ce-TiO2的制备及其光催化降解亚甲蓝性能

以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O、一水合柠檬酸、2-羟基对苯二甲酸、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、钛酸四丁酯为原料,通过水热法获得一种新型的Ce-Ti金属有机材料前驱体,将该前驱体在不同烧结温度下煅烧,获得一系列具有高比表面积的介孔碳负载Ce-TiO2新型催化剂.应用XRD、SEM、BET、TG、UV-vis DRS、UV紫外吸收等一系列手段对其进行了结构表征与性能测量.研究结果表明烧结温度在1000 ℃(CTOF-P10)的样品表现出良好的催化效果,其降解亚甲蓝(MB)的速率是商业型TiO2(P25)的2.15倍.引入Ce离子起到掺杂的作用,同时阻止TiO2晶粒的生长,也能抑制光生电子与空穴的复合,进而提高了光催化活性.     

超声辅助介孔纳米TiO2光催化剂制备与光催化性能

以钛酸丁酯为钛源,在高能超声的辅助作用下,通过溶胶-凝胶法合成了纳米TiO2光催化剂,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见光光度计(UV-Vis)等对光催剂进行检测与表征.结果表明:高能超声的空化作用细化了纳米TiO2的显微结构,形成了分散有序的介孔结构.当超声频率为45 kHz时,纳米TiO2的晶粒尺寸约为12 nm,介孔孔道尺寸为10 nm,对有机污染物的有效降解率为92;.     

炭黑吸附水热法制备纳米TiO2粉体及其光催化降解甲基橙

利用炭黑吸附钛酸异丙酯水热法制得锐钛矿型TiO2纳米粉体.采用热重/差热分析(TG-DTA)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积吸附(BET)和紫外-可见光谱(Uv-vIS)等分析方法对不同煅烧机制下所得粉体的物相、颗粒度、分散性和光吸收性能进行表征.同时利用纳米TiO2粉体对甲基橙进行了光催化降解,研究了其光催化性能.结果表明,炭黑的吸附阻止了纳米TiO2超细颗粒的团聚和烧结,制得的颗粒分散均匀、具有单一锐钛矿晶型结构的TiO2纳米粉体.经500℃煅烧获得的TiO2粉体粒径约为15 nm,比表面积为76.31 g/m2.在紫外灯照射下,由于炭黑的吸附和纳米TiO2的光催化形成协同效应,甲基橙的光催化降解率在6min达到99;.     

H2O/HAc对纳米TiO2/硅藻土复合材料TiO2晶相和性能的影响

以硅藻土为载体,钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2/硅藻土复合材料.在750下对复合材料煅烧晶化,以罗丹明B为降解对象检测了材料的光催化性能.并结合XRD、BET、SEM等表征手段,探究了H2O/HAc比例对复合材料晶型、比表面积和光催化性能的影响.结果表明,H2O/HAc比例对TiO2/硅藻土复合材料中TiO2的晶相组成和光催化性能有很大影响.当H2O/HAc=6时,二氧化钛颗粒均匀地负载在硅藻土表面,样品具有较大的比表面积和较好的光催化效果,同时锐钛矿晶型比例为80.2;.     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structures of the cis and trans isomers of a tetrathia[3.3.3.3]cyclophane

Both the cis and trans isomers of 3,11,18,26-tetrathiatricyclo[26.2.2.1^5,9.2^13,16.1^20,24] hexatriaconta-5,7,9,20,22,24-hexene have been prepared and structurally characterized. Each of these centrosymmetric tetrathia dimers includes two cyclohexane rings in chair conformations with either 1,4-cis or 1,4-trans bonding and two meta-substituted benzene rings. The cis isomer packs into the monoclinic space group P2₁/a with a = 10.485(3)Å, b = 10.3956(18)Å, c = 14.1343(10)Å, = 105.200(13)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.046. The trans isomer crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 10.7217(12)Å, b = 5.6797(7)Å, c = 25.415(5)Å, = 96.001(12)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.043. In the cis structure each benzene ring faces a cyclohexane ring while in the trans structure the cyclohexane rings face one another.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

电沉积法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列及其发光特性

本文以掺F的SnO2导电玻璃为基板,以硝酸锌水溶液为电解液,采用三电极恒电位体系电沉积制备ZnO纳米棒阵列,系统考察了硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位等工艺参数对ZnO纳米棒阵列的微观形貌及其发光性能的影响规律.结果表明,硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位对纳米棒阵列的形貌有显著影响,控制适宜的工艺条件可以制备出直径分布均匀、结晶性好且纯度高的六方纤锌矿ZnO纳米棒阵列.荧光光谱分析表明,电沉积制备出的ZnO纳米棒阵列在385 nm附近有一个强荧光发射峰,且发光性能稳定、对纳米棒阵列微观形貌的细微变化不敏感,使其在发光二极管和激光器等领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.