铝基氧化铜干法烟气脱硫及再生研究

采用浸渍法制备了XP型和DS型两种铝基氧化铜脱硫剂，并利用制得的脱硫剂进行了烟气循环脱硫-再生实验，同时利用BET、XRD和EPMA等方法研究了载体性质对脱硫剂性能的影响以及脱硫剂的表面微观结构在脱硫和再生过程的变化。实验和分析表明，用于制备脱硫剂的载体应同时具备较大的比表面积和合适的孔结构，实验条件下制得的铝基氧化铜脱硫剂的脱硫效率可达90％，该脱硫剂在多次循环脱硫-再生过程中性能保持稳定。     

Assessment of the sorption capacity and regeneration of carbon dioxide sorbents using thermogravimetric methods

Adsorption methods using solid sorbents are an alternative to the absorption technology in the processes of purification gases from carbon dioxide. There is a need to rapidly assess the suitability of sorbents for use it in PSA, TSA, or VPSA installations. Important parameters which determine the quality of the sorbent are the sorption capacity of sorbent, selectivity to CO₂ and the possibility of regeneration. This paper presents the results of sorption/desorption of CO₂ study on the impregnated porous materials using thermogravimetric methods. Thermogravimetry allows for rapid assessment of sorption capacity and regeneration of the sorbents. Specially selected temperature program allowed to determine the sorption capacity of sorbents depending on the concentration of CO₂ in the gas mixture and temperature. Degree of sorbent purification was determined in desorption process.     

Innovative nano-layered solid sorbents for CO2 capture

Nano-layered sorbents for CO(2) capture, for the first time, were developed using layer-by-layer nanoassembly. A CO(2)-adsorbing polymer and a strong polyelectrolyte were alternately immobilized within porous particles. The developed sorbents had fast CO(2) adsorption and desorption properties and their CO(2) capture capacity increased with increasing nano-layers of the CO(2)-adsorbing polymer.     

H2, N2, CO, and CO2 sorption properties of a series of robust sodalite-type microporous coordination polymers

H2, N2, CO, and CO2 are readily incorporated in the porous, 3D sodalitic frameworks of coordination polymers of the [ML2]n type, with M = Pd(II) or Cu(II) and HL = 2-hydroxypyrimidine or 4-hydroxypyrimidine. The metal ion and ligand functionalization modulate their sorption properties, making these materials suitable for gas storage and separation purposes.     

Equilibrium sorption properties of cholesterol surface-imprinted Se-containing polymeric sorbents synthesized by Pickering emulsion polymerization

The equilibrium sorption isotherms of cholesterol on surface-imprinted Se-containing sorbents based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were studied. The equilibrium sorption of cholesterol occurred on a homogeneous sorption surface of the molecularly imprinted polymer (template content 6 mol.%). The sorption surface had a higher affinity to template molecules compared to the monolayer. An increase in the amount of template introduced during modification of the polymer matrix led to an increase in the sorption surface area of solvated polymers available for cholesterol binding.

     

Specificity of noble metals dynamic sorption preconcentration on reversed-phase sorbents

The reversible sorption preconcentration of noble metals (NMs) using different schemes “sorbent–reagent–eluent” was investigated. The extraction of Au, Pd, Pt, Ir, Rh and Ru chlorocomplexes from hydrochloric acid solutions on hyper-crosslinked polysterene MN-200 in the form of ion associates with tributylamine (TBA) and 4-(n-octyl)diethylenetriamine (ODETA) was investigated. It was found that Pd, Pt and Au were quantitatively and reversibly extracted using TBA on hyper-crosslinked polysterene; the appropriate eluent for desorption was 1 M solution of HCl in ethanol. Ir, Rh and Ru under these conditions were not sorbed quantitatively. It was found that sorbent hydrophobicity is not the main characteristic that defines the efficiency of sorption of a particular NM ion associate. Different efficiencies of hyper-crosslinked polysterene MN-200 for sorption of square-planar chlorcomplexes of Pt, Pd and Au and octahedral complexes of Ir, Rh and Ru were found. For the first time, the sorbents with their own N-atoms – StrataX and StrataX-AW – were used for the sorption of Ir, Rh and Ru. Using these sorbents, the sorption of Ir was increased up to 95%, and the sorption of Ru and Rh was increased to about 40%. We can explain these results by nonspecific interaction of chlorcomplexes of Ir, Rh and Ru with ethylenediamine groups of the sorbent. Weak bases with large anions may be applied for desorption of Ir, Rh and Ru. Two schemes of dynamic sorption preconcentration of NMs from hydrochloric acid solutions were proposed – hyper-crosslinked polysterene MN-200 for the determination of Au, Pd, Pt, and StrataX-AW for Ir, Rh and Ru.     

Enhancement of CO2 sorption uptake on hydrotalcite by impregnation with K2CO3

The awareness of symptoms of global warming and its seriousness urges the development of technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon dioxide (CO(2)) is a representative greenhouse gas, and numerous methods to capture and storage CO(2) have been considered. Recently, the technology to remove high-temperature CO(2) by sorption has received lots of attention. In this study, hydrotalcite, which has been known to have CO(2) sorption capability at high temperature, was impregnated with K(2)CO(3) to enhance CO(2) sorption uptake, and the mechanism of CO(2) sorption enhancement on K(2)CO(3)-promoted hydrotalcite was investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to measure equilibrium CO(2) sorption uptake and to estimate CO(2) sorption kinetics. The analyses based on N(2) gas physisorption, X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, Raman spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were carried out to elucidate the characteristics of sorbents and the mechanism of enhanced CO(2) sorption. The equilibrium CO(2) sorption uptake on hydrotalcite could be increased up to 10 times by impregnation with K(2)CO(3), and there was an optimal amount of K(2)CO(3) for a maximum equilibrium CO(2) sorption uptake. In the K(2)CO(3)-promoted hydrotalcite, K(2)CO(3) was incorporated without changing the structure of hydrotalcite and it was thermally stabilized, resulting in the enhanced equilibrium CO(2) sorption uptake and fast CO(2) sorption kinetics.     

Radionuclides migration in the geosphere and their sorption on natural sorbents

This report identifies a number of mechanisms that retard radionuclide migration, describes methods that are used to study such retardation phenomena and evaluates the extent to which this methods may be used to diagnose radionuclide migration through various types of geologic media. A qualitative, quantitative and applicable basis for ion exchange modelling in clay have provided. Caesium and strontium are taken as a reference elements, and itsK _d values obtained from both batch and diffusion experiments are explained and independently predicted by the model.     

Effects of sintering on properties of alumina microfiltration membranes

The transformation of membrane channels during the sintering process conforms to the Rhines' topological decay model of intermediate sintering stage. The pore size of the membranes enlarges with the increase of sintering temperature. The pore size increment caused by the increase of sintering temperature is more obvious for thin membranes than for thick membranes. With the increase of sintering temperature, the water permeance of membranes increases at first and then decreases after a turning point of sintering temperature.     

Effects of alumina and white fused alumina addition on technological properties of transparent floor tile glazes

In ceramic tile manufacturing, α-Al₂O₃ is the main type of alumina used in ceramic body and glaze formulations. It acts as an opacifier in porcelain tile bodies and as a matting agent in glazes. White fused alumina (WFA) is produced by fusing calcined alumina in an electric arc furnace under carefully controlled conditions. It is generally preferred in ceramic floor tile glazes in order to increase abrasion resistance. The aim of this study was to establish a better understanding of how alumina and WFA addition affects the thermal behavior, microstructural evolution and aesthetic properties of transparent floor tile glazes. The results showed that both alumina and WFA increased the sintering and melting temperatures of the standard commercial glaze. Corund was detected in the main phase with WFA addition in tile glazes. There were no other crystalline phases formed since WFA did not react with glassy phase. This behavior can be attributed to higher refractoriness of fused alumina. Smoother surface and homogenous structure were observed in the glazes with WFA addition. However, anorthite and corund phases were detected in the glazes with alumina addition. High crystallization glazes with rough surfaces were observed in these glazes. Alumina was found to be more effective to increase opacity and reducing glossiness compared WFA addition.

     

CO2 sorption in uniaxially drawn atactic polystyrene

The CO₂ solubility in oriented and unoriented atactic polystyrene films has been investigated. Orientation does not change the nature of the sorption process; however, it decreases the level of solubility. Both the Langumir sorption term and the Henry's-law contribution are affected by orientation. The decrease of solubility is correlated with an increase of density due to orientation. A simple experiment has been described to evaluate the depression of the glass transition temperature of polystyrene containing dissolved carbon dioxide.     

Far-infrared spectroscopy of alumina phases.

Far-infrared spectroscopy (FIR) has been used to distinguish alumina phases boehmite, diaspore, gibbsite and bayerite. The pellets of samples were prepared by mixing alumina phases with polyethylene at a ratio of 1:50, and the spectra were recorded between 50 and 400 cm(-1). The spectrum of boehmite resembles that of diaspore in the 300-400 cm(-1) region. Boehmite has two characteristic FIR bands at 366 and 323 cm(-1), while diaspore has five at 354, 331, 250, 199 and 158 cm(-1). The spectrum of gibbsite resembles that of bayerite in the 230-300 cm(-1) region. Gibbsite shows three characteristic FIR bands at 371, 279 and 246 cm(-1), whereas bayerite shows six at 383, 345, 326, 296, 252 and 62 cm(-1). The overlapping bands were resolved, and the spectra were manipulated appropriately using band analysis techniques. The FIR spectra are in harmony with the FT-Raman spectra. Far-infrared spectroscopy allows the study and differentiation of the stretching of AlO4 units to characterize these four alumina phases. Far-IR spectroscopy complements the mid-IR and near-IR for distinguishing alumina phases in bauxites.     

Activated carbon produced from paulownia sawdust for high-performance CO2 sorbents

In this paper, activated carbons （ACs） with high specific surface areas were successfully synthesized by simple one-step carbonization-activation from paulownia sawdust biomass, and the effects of the synthetic conditions on their CO2 capture capacity were investigated as well. The results show that, when the mass ratio between activator and biomass is 4, the activation temperature is 700℃ and the activation time is 1 h, as-made AC provides the most micropores for CO2 adsorption. As a consequence, the maximum CO2 uptake of 8.0 mmol/g is obtained at 0 ℃ and 1 bar.     

CO2 sorption in poly(butylene terephthalate)

The Sorption of CO₂ in poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) has been examined according to the equilibrium-sorption method in the pressure range of 1–30 bar at temperatures of 298–338 K. In the temperature range 298–328 K it does not respond to Henry's law. At about 20 K above the glass-transition temperature Langmuir adsorption takes place.Dedicated to Professor Dr. G. Kanig on his 70th birthday.