辅酶Q10的重要中间体——(2E,6E)-8-乙酰基-2,6-甲基-2,6-辛二烯-1-醇的合成

在CH2Cl2-H2O-NaCl溶液中,香叶醇的末端烯丙基经电解转变成烯丙基氯化物(2),2与二甲胺反应生成末端烯丙基胺(3),3再用过氧乙酸氧化形成烯丙基二甲基胺氧化物后,通过[2,3]-σ重排,再经锌粉还原得到辅酶Q10的重要中间体——2E,6E)-8-乙酰基-2,6-甲基-2,6-辛二烯-1-醇(7),7的结构经1H NMR和IR表征,且全为末端反式烯丙型醇。     

铂和铜电极上4-硝基吡啶-1-氧化物还原过程研究

4-氨基吡啶是一种重要的精细化工产品, 为探讨其电化学合成过程的反应机理, 采用循环伏安法、库仑电解等方法对强酸性条件下4-硝基吡啶-1-氧化物的电化学行为进行了研究. 结果表明: 4-硝基吡啶-1-氧化物在铂电极上主要经历电化学-化学-电化学(ECE)还原历程, 并生成4-羟胺吡啶-1-氧化物; 对铜电极而言, 当电位高于－0.65 V时主要经历ECE还原历程, 并生成4-羟胺吡啶-1-氧化物; 当电位低于－0.85 V时经历ECE还原历程生成的4-羟胺吡啶-1-氧化物, 可发生进一步4e^－还原, 并生成4-氨基吡啶.     

印度谷螟性信息素顺-9-反-12-十四碳双烯-1-醇乙酸酯的合成

印度谷螟(Plodia interpuctella Huber)是仓贮谷物的大害虫,我国各地均有。其性信息素已由美国Brady等和日本Kuwahara等同时鉴定为顺-9-反-12-十四碳双烯-1-醇乙酸酯1。化合物1也是其它七种害虫的性信息素或其组份。近年来关于化合物1的合成方法已有许多报导。但是这些方法中,关键性的一步缩合反应收率均不佳,一般在30一40%左右,且或多或少含有烯丙基重排产物.Henrik采用两种Grignard缩合方法〔"1使1,令烯块7的收率分别提高到76%(含有9%烯丙基重排产物)和oo%(分出16%的烯丙基重排产物),但未见具体报导.     

钯催化下(Z)-3-碘-3-三氟甲基-1-芳基烯丙醇与末端炔 烃的偶联反应

在Pd(PPh~3)~4/CuI催化下和使用1mol的NEt~3作碱和THF作溶剂,(Z)-3-碘-3-三氟甲基-1-芳基烯丙醇(1)与末端炔烃(3)反应得到正常的偶联产物5。当以NEt~3作碱和溶剂,Pd(PPh~3)~4/CuI催化1与3的交叉偶联反应生成化合物4。4为正常偶联化合物5在NEt~3存在下双键发生重排反应的产物。     

Claisen重排反应合成5-烯丙基-4-羟基异吲哚啉-2-羧酸叔丁酯

以2,3-二甲基苯酚(2)和烯丙基溴为原料,经过醚化、溴代、关环及Claisen重排等四步反应,合成得到5-烯丙基-4-羟基异吲哚啉-2-羧酸叔丁酯(1),4步反应总收率为17.8％.中间体及产物结构经1 H NMR和ESI-MS表征,产物结构进一步经过FT-IR、13 C NMR及X-射线单晶衍射进行确认.同时,重点...     

5-氨基-6-硝基-[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-氧化物的合成新方法

以2,6-二氯吡啶为起始原料, 经肼基化、还原、硝化、Nietzki-Dietschy环合4步反应得到5-氨基-6-硝基-[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-氧化物。 结合反应机理讨论了还原、硝化、Nietzki-Dietschy环合反应的影响因素,获得了合成5-氨基-6-硝基-[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-氧化物的最佳工艺条件,目标产物的总收率为59.2%。 用1H NMR、MS和IR谱对5-氨基-6-硝基-[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-氧化物的结构进行了表征。     

2,3-二甲基-4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)吡啶-1-氧化物的合成

以2,3-二甲基-4-硝基吡啶-1-氧化物为原料,合成兰索拉唑中间体2,3-二甲基-4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)吡啶-1-氧化物（2）,其结构经¹H NMR确证。研究了溶剂、催化剂、碱和反应时间等因素对2收率的影响。结果表明：在最优反应条件(乙腈作溶剂,三氟乙醇2.0 eq.,碳酸钾2.5 eq.,在1 mol%TBAB水溶液中反应10 h)下,2收率超过85%。将实验规模放大到100 g级,工艺稳定。     

5-氨基-6-硝基-[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-氧化物的新法合成

以2,6-二氯吡啶为起始原料,经肼基化、还原、硝化、Nietzki-Dietschy环合4步反应得到5-氨基-6-硝基-[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-氧化物.结合反应机理讨论了还原、硝化、Nietzki-Dietschy环合反应的影响因素,获得了合成-.氨基-6-硝基-[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-氧化物的最佳工艺条件,目标产物的总收率为59.2%.用1H NMR、MS和IR谱对5-氨基-6-硝基-[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-氧化物的结构进行了表征.     

1,3-二烷氧基-乙酰丙酮和-丙酮的[1,3] 键迁移重排

1,3-二甲氧基-2-吗啉-N-基戊1-烯-4-酮(11a)的酸水解经证实发生部分重排, 生成1,3-(1a)和1,5-二甲氧基乙酰丙酮(2a)的混合物, 并通过与氰基乙酰胺缩合, 分别形成3-氰基-4-甲氧甲基-5-甲氧基-6-甲基吡啶-2-醇(3a)和3-氰基-4,6-双(甲氧甲基)吡啶-2-醇(4a)加以证实, 前者还转化为维生素B6. 在相应的乙氧基序列中, 除得到1b丶2b丶3b和4b外, 还分离了反向缩合产物3-氰基-4-甲基-5-乙氧基-6-乙氧甲基吡啶-2-醇(5b) . 对Fedoronko 等为1,3-二甲氧基丙酮的重排-水解为丙酮醛提出的烯丙型重排机制提出了质疑. 事实上, 这一重排更可能是一利热过程的[1.3]单键迁移过程和提供了支持的事例.     

1,3-二烷氧基-乙酰丙酮和-丙酮的[1.3]σ键迁移重排

1,3-二甲氧基-2-吗啉-N-基戊-1-烯-4-酮(11a)的酸水解经证实发生部分重排,生成1,3-(1a)和1,5-二甲氧基乙酰丙酮(2a)的混合物,并通过与氰基乙酰胺缩合,分别形成3-氰基-4-甲氧甲基-5-甲氧基-6-甲基吡啶-2-醇(3a)和3-氰基-4,6-双(甲氧甲基)吡啶-2-醇(4a)加以证实,前者还转化为维生素 B_6.在相应的乙氧基序列中,除得到1b、2b、3b 和4b 外,还分离了反向缩合产物3-氰基-4-甲基-5-乙氧基-6-乙氧甲基吡啶-2-醇(5b).对 Fedoronko 等为1,3-二甲氧基丙酮的重排-水解为丙酮醛提出的烯丙型重排机制提出了质疑.事实上,这一重排更可能是一种热过程的[1.3]单键迁移过程和提供了支持的事例.     

V16Sb4O42(H2O){VO(C6H14N2)2}4]: a terminal expansion to a polyoxovanadate archetype

The charge-neutral antimonatopolyoxovanadium(IV) cluster [V(IV)16Sb(III)4O42(H2O){V(IV)O(C6H14N2)2}4].10H2O.C6H14N2 was obtained under solvothermal conditions. The central cluster fragment, [V(IV) 16Sb(III)4O42], is a derivative of the [V18O42] archetype and is formed by replacing two VO5 polyhedra by two Sb2O5 units. The {V20Sb4} structure expands the {V16Sb4} motif by the addition of four square-pyramidal, terminal VO(1,2-diaminocyclohexane)2 groups. At low temperatures, the magnetic ground state is characterized by four independent S = 1/2 sites.     

Reaction of 2-methyl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-hydroxythiophene with hydrazines

2-Methyl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-(N,N-dimethylhydrazino)thiophene (II) and 2-methyl-3-ethoxy-carbonyl-4-(N-phenylhydrazino)thiophene (III) are formed by the action of substituted hydrazines — N,N-dimethylhydrazine and phenylhydrazine — on 2-methyl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-hydroxythiophene (I). At the same time, the thiophene ring of hydroxythiophene I undergoes hydrazinolysis under the influence of hydrazine hydrate to form 3-mercaptomethyl-4-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methylpyrazole (IV). Structure IV was proved by IR, UV, and PMR spectroscopy and by hydrogenolysis of IV to the known 3,5-dimethyl-4-ethoxycarbonylpyrazole (V).Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 759–761, June, 1971.     

Selective extraction, preconcentration and transport studies of thorium(IV) using octa-functionalized calix[4]resorcinarene-hydroxamic acid.

A new calix[4]resorcinarene bearing eight hydroxamic acid groups (C4RAHA) has been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and elemental analysis. Its analytical properties were investigated, and showed high affinity and selectivity toward thorium(IV) in the presence of large quantities of associated metal ions. Thorium(IV) was extracted from an ethyl acetate solution of C4RAHA at pH 4.5. The lambdamax and molar absorptivity (epsilon) for thorium(IV) were 341 nm and 7120 l mol(-1) cm(-1). The complexation of thorium(IV) with C4RAHA has a 4:1 metal:ligand stoichiometry, which is relatively rare. The extracts were directly aspirated in the plasma for ICP-AES measurements for thorium(IV) in the presence of a diversified matrix. The system obeyed Beer's law over the range 0.1 - 6.5 microg ml(-1) of thorium(IV) with a Sandell sensitivity of 0.0325 microg cm(-2). The preconcentration factor and overall stability constant evaluated at 25 degrees C for thorium(IV) were 133 and 15.86, respectively. The complexation was characterized by a favorable enthalpy change. A liquid-membrane transport study of thorium(IV) was carried out from the source to the receiving phase under controlled conditions, and a mechanism of transport proposed. To check the validity of the proposed method, thorium(IV) was determined in monazite sand, rare earth sand and water samples.     

K4[PbSe4]⋅en⋅NH3: A Non‐Oxide,Non‐Halide Inorganic Lead(IV) Compound

The first inorganic lead(IV) compound without oxygen, nitrogen or halogen ligands attached to the lead atom was obtained as the potassium salt of the tetraselenidoplumbate(IV) anion [Pb^IVSe₄]^4?. It is stable under inert conditions which may enable the transfer of the chemistry of chalcogenidogermanate(IV) or chalcogenidostannate(IV) materials, to the lead homologues.     

Selective inactivation of serine proteases by nonheme iron complexes

Oxidative inactivation of the serine proteases trypsin and chymotrypsin by nonheme iron complexes is described. The nonheme ligands N4Py (1) and derivative 3CG-N4Py (2), which contains a pendant guanidinium group, were used as ligands for iron. Ferryl (Fe(IV)O) species derived from these ligands, [Fe(IV)(O)(N4Py)](2+) (7) and [Fe(IV)(O)(3CG-N4Py)](3+) (8), inactivate trypsin and chymotrypsin by the oxidation of amino acid side chains. Ferryl 8 is most effective with chymotrypsin (IC(50) value of 26 μM for 8 vs 119 μM for 7). IC(50) values of 71 and 54 μM were obtained for trypsin with 7 and 8, respectively. Amino acid analysis confirmed that residues cysteine, tyrosine, and tryptophan are oxidized under these conditions. Trypsin is inactivated preferentially over chymotrypsin under catalytic conditions, where the enzyme was pulsed with H(2)O(2) in the presence of ferrous complexes [Fe(II)(OH(2))(N4Py)](2+)(5) and [Fe(II)(Cl)(3CG-N4Py)](2+) (6). Control experiments support the action of a unique oxidant, other than ferryls or hydroxyl radicals, under these conditions, where tyrosine residues are targeted selectively.     

Sorption of selenium(IV) onto magnetite in the presence of silicic acid

Sorption of selenium(IV) and silicic acid onto magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) was investigated in binary systems, with concentrations of silicic acid under the solubility limit of amorphous silica. Using the double diffuse layer model (DDLM), surface complexation constants of selenium(IV) and H(4)SiO(4) onto magnetite were extracted using Fiteql 4.0. Then, prediction curves of the sorption of selenium(IV) in the presence of silicic acid onto magnetite were obtained, using the calculated surface complexation constants. Finally, laboratory experiments were performed and showed a competition between selenium(IV) and silicic acid for the surface sites of magnetite. Experimental results matched the model predictions, confirming its ability to model qualitatively and quantitatively the ternary system.     

Critical role of water content in the formation and reactivity of uranium, neptunium, and plutonium iodates under hydrothermal conditions: implications for the oxidative dissolution of spent nuclear fuel

The reactions of 237NpO2 with excess iodate under acidic hydrothermal conditions result in the isolation of the neptunium(IV), neptunium(V), and neptunium(VI) iodates, Np(IO3)4, Np(IO3)4.nH2O.nHIO3, NpO2(IO3), NpO2(IO3)2(H2O), and NpO2(IO3)2.H2O, depending on both the pH and the amount of water present in the reactions. Reactions with less water and lower pH favor reduced products. Although the initial redox processes involved in the reactions between 237NpO2 or 242PuO2 and iodate are similar, the low solubility of Pu(IO3)4 dominates product formation in plutonium iodate reactions to a much greater extent than does Np(IO3)4 in the neptunium iodate system. UO2 reacts with iodate under these conditions to yield uranium(VI) iodates solely. The isotypic structures of the actinide(IV) iodates, An(IO3)4 (An=Np, Pu), are reported and consist of one-dimensional chains of dodecahedral An(IV) cations bridged by iodate anions. The structure of Np(IO3)4.nH2O.nHIO3 is constructed from NpO9 tricapped-trigonal prisms that are bridged by iodate into a polar three-dimensional framework structure. Second-harmonic-generation measurements on a polycrystalline sample of the Th analogue of Np(IO3)4.nH2O.nHIO3 reveal a response of approximately 12x that of alpha-SiO2. Single-crystal magnetic susceptibility measurements of Np(IO3)4 show magnetically isolated Np(IV) ions.     

A chelating resin containing 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol as the functional group; synthesis and sorption behavior for trace metal ions

A new polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin containing 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol (TAN) functional group was synthesized and its sorption behavior for 19 metal ions including Zr(IV), Hf(IV) and U(VI) was investigated by batch and column experiments. The chelating resin showed a high sorption affinity for Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) at pH 2. Some parameters affecting the sorption of the metal ions are detailed. The breakthrough and overall capacities were measured under optimized conditions. The overall capacities of Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) that were higher than those of the other metal ions were 0.92 and 0.87 mmol/g, respectively. The elution order of metal ions at pH 4 was evaluated as: Zr(IV)>Hf(IV)>Th(IV)>V(V)>Nb(V)>Cu(II)>U(VI)>Ta(V)>Mo(VI)>Cr(III)>Sn(IV)>W(VI). Quantitative recovery of most metal ions except Zr(IV) was achieved using 2 M HNO₃. Desorption and recovery of Zr(IV) was successfully performed with 2 M HClO₄ and 2 M HCl.     

Rapid hydrolysis of phosphate ester promoted by Ce(IV) conjugating with a β-cyclodextrin monomer and dimer

Two N-donor ligands (L(1) and L(2)) derived from a β-cyclodextrin (βCD) monomer and dimer were employed to mediate the hydrolytic activity and stability of the Ce(IV) ion in aqueous solution. Complexes Ce(IV)-L(1) and Ce(IV)-L(2) were prepared in situ and characterized by means of UV-vis and NMR measurements. Ce(IV)-L(1) catalyzed the hydrolysis of a DNA model, bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate (BNPP) with k(cat) = 5.2 × 10(-3) s(-1) (half-life t(1/2) ≈ 2 minutes) under mild conditions, which represented an approximate 130 million-fold acceleration with respect to the spontaneous hydrolysis of BNPP. The dinuclear species, [Ce(2)L(1)(2)(OH)(5)](3+), contributed splendidly to the catalytic efficiency which echoed the active species postulation of [Ce(2)(OH)(7)](+) in the literature. Ce(IV)-L(2) exhibited efficient binding with BNPP giving 1/K(M) = 2.1 × 10(5) M(-1) which exceeded other Ce(IV) species, e.g. [Ce(4)(OH)(15)](+), by 2 orders of magnitude, which highlighted the hydrophobicity effect of βCDs. Such a highly binding affinity leads to the second-order rate constant, k(cat)/K(M) = 2.3 × 10(2) M(-1) s(-1), which probably ranks as the highest in the non-enzymatic cleavage of BNPP under similar conditions. Additionally, Ce(IV)-L(2) showed favorable tolerance to basic aqua owing to the bulky protection of double βCD pendants.