Cyclopentadienyl molybdenum dicarbonyl η-allyl complexes as catalyst precursors for olefin epoxidation. Crystal structures of Cp′Mo(CO)2(η-C3H5) (Cp′ = η-C5H4Me, η-C5Me5)

The complexes Cp′Mo(CO)₂(η³-C₃H₅) [Cp′ = η⁵-C₅H₅ (1), η⁵-C₅H₄Me (2), η⁵-C₅Me₅ (3)] have been prepared, structurally characterised by X-ray diffraction (2, 3), and tested as catalyst precursors for the epoxidation of olefins at 55 °C. Complex 1 gave a turnover frequency (TOF) of 310 mol mol_Mo⁻¹ h⁻¹ in the epoxidation of cis-cyclooctene with tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP, in decane) as oxidant, and 1,2-epoxycyclooctane was obtained quantitatively within 6 h. A similar result was obtained for complex 2, while the TOF for 3 was about one order of magnitude lower, suggesting a possible activity dependence on the ring substituents. For 1 the use of 1,2-dichloroethane as solvent increased the initial reaction rate to 361 mol mol_Mo⁻¹ h⁻¹, with no decrease in epoxide selectivity. Under these conditions the reaction rates for other olefins increased in the order 1-octene < trans-2-octene < cyclododecene < (R)-(+)-limonene < cis-cyclooctene, and, with the exception of limonene, the corresponding epoxide was the only product. For 1 the selective epoxidation of cis-cyclooctene could also be achieved in aqueous solution, using TBHP or H₂O₂ as oxidants, which gave epoxide yields of 99% and 27% at 24 h, respectively. The possibility of facilitating catalyst recycling by using ionic liquids as solvents was investigated.     

2MgO·2B2O3·MgCl2·14H2O-7.8%H3BO3-H2O体系多温相关系研究

研究了2MgO·2B2O3·MgCl2·14H20在不同温度下的7.8%H3BO3水溶液中的相转化产物及其溶解度.IR,XRD,TG及化学分析表明,相转化产物在0～22℃范围内为MgO·2B2O3·9H20;22～68℃为MgO·2B2O3·7.5H20;68～95℃为MgO·2B2O3·7H20;95～98.8℃为MgO·2B2O3·5H20;100～110℃为MgO·B2O3·3H20;110～120℃为2MgO·B2O3·2H20;120～170℃为2MgO·B2O3·1.5H20;170～200℃为2MgO·B2O3·H20.提出了相转化反应原理.     

Local crystal chemistry, induced strain and short range order in the cubic pyrochlore (Bi1.5−αZn0.5−β)(Zn0.5−γNb1.5−δ)O(7−1.5α−β−γ−2.5δ) (BZN)

Clear evidence (in the form of structured diffuse scattering) is found for short range ordering of metal ions and associated induced structural relaxation in two members of the cubic BZN pyrochlore (Bi_1.5−αZn_0.5−β)(Zn_0.5−γNb_1.5−δ)O_{(7−1.5α−β−γ−2.5δ)} solid solution. An average neutron powder diffraction structure refinement is carried out for one of these. Electron probe micro-analysis suggests that the primary mechanism for non-stoichiometry in cubic BZN is the removal of ZnO from the nominally fully occupied (Bi_1.5Zn_0.5)(Zn_0.5Nb_1.5)O₇ end-member. A detailed bond valence sum analysis of a recently reported average crystal structure is used to suggest possible local cation ordering schemes along with the induced displacive relaxation that is likely to accompany such local cation ordering. The observed diffuse distribution is qualitatively interpreted via Monte Carlo modelling.     

W(η-PhCCPh)3(η-Ph2PCCPPh2) as a ligand to prepare homo- and hetero-nuclear cluster complexes

Reaction of W(η²-PhCCPh)₃(NMe₃) (1) and Ph₂PCCPPh₂ (dppa) produces W(η²-PhCCPh)₃(η¹-Ph₂PCCPPh₂) (2), which contains a pendant phosphine group. Treatment of 2 with W(CO)₄(NCMe)₂ yields [W(η²-PhCCPh)₃](μ,η²-Ph₂PCCPPh₂)[W(CO)₄(NCMe)] (3). Compound 2 reacts with Os₃(CO)₁₀(NCMe)₂ to afford Os₃(CO)₁₀[(μ,η²-Ph₂PCCPPh₂)W(η²-PhCCPh)₃]₂ (4), and reacts with Ru₃(CO)₉(NCMe)₃ to afford Ru₃(CO)₉[(μ,η²-Ph₂PCCPPh₂)W(η²-PhCCPh)₃]₃ (5). The crystal structures of 2 and 3 are determined by an X-ray diffraction study.     

C12-3-C12·2Br及C12-3（OH）-C12·2Br水溶液的胶团聚集数及流变特征

采用荧光探针法测定了C12-3-C12·2Br及C12-3(OH)-C12·2Br Gemini表面活性剂胶团聚集数,结果表明,浓度极大影响其胶团聚集数,当浓度为各自临界胶团浓度的5.5倍时,由于联结链中羟基的作用,C12-3(OH)-C12·2Br的胶团聚集数为44.7,远大于C12-3-C12·2Br的33.2;C12-3-C12 ·2Br浓度直至64 mmol/L,C12-3(OH)-C12·2Br浓度直至54 mmol/L,剪切速度γ在0～1 875 s-1范围内,流变行为表现出牛顿体特征;在其后浓度的范围,临界剪切速度γ*以上时,为非牛顿体特征.黏度随浓度增大而增大并有—上升拐点;在联结链上引入羟基,对流变行为影响不大,但在相同条件下,黏度略微增大.     

The defect chemistry of La1−ΔMnO3+δ

The effects of oxygen reduction treatments on the magnetic properties of La-deficient manganites, La_1−ΔMnO_3+δ and Sr- and Ca-doped manganites, La_1−xM_xMnO_3+δ (M: Sr, Ca) have been investigated to confirm the contrasting oxygen reduction effects on the magnetization properties. It is found that oxygen reduction treatments in reduced oxygen pressures of 10³- for La_1−ΔMnO_3+δ result in a continuous change in the magnetization but the reduction treatments for La_1−xM_xMnO_3+δ result in a negligible change under the same reduction conditions. To interpret the contrasting behavior of the La-deficient manganites, several possible models have been discussed. Among the models, the most probable model is that vacancies generated by the La deficiency Δ are partially replaced by Δ₂(=Δ−Δ₁?Δ₁) Mn ions to give both La and Mn site vacancies according to the formula La_1−ΔV_ΔMnO_3+δ→{La_1−ΔMn_Δ2V_Δ1}{Mn_1−Δ2V_Δ2}O_3+δ. Details of thermodynamic basis of this model have been presented.     

纳米棒组装的WO3·0.33H2O及其光催化性能改善

以十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)和钨酸钠为原料,在无其它辅助剂条件下,通过水热方法制备了由纳米棒组装成的三维多级微结构WO₃·0.33H₂O。 结果表明,反应原料DBSA不仅在反应中提供氢离子,而且还具备表面活性剂调控产物形貌的作用。 在可见光照射下,由于其特殊的多级结构,WO₃·0.33H₂O展现出较强的光催化降解罗丹明B活性,降解率达100%,重复使用5次后,降解率仍保持较高水平。     

Synthesis of dipyrrolo[2,3-a:1′,2′,3′-fg]acridin-12(1H)-ones

Acylation reactions of 4,6-dimethoxyindoles with glyoxyloyl chlorides were achieved by the use of graphite powder in 1,2-dichloroethane at reflux. The products were monoketones as a result of decarbonylation, rather than the expected 1,2-diketones. Treatment of these monoketones with base led to their cyclisation and elimination of methanol to afford the novel dipyrrolo[2.3-a:1′,2′,3′-fg]acridin-12(1H)-ones.     

Deoxygenation/dimerization of sugar derivatives with BF3·Et2O-Et3SiH: synthesis of a β-isonucleoside

Lewis acid-Et₃SiH induced deoxygenation of anomeric carbon of sugars generates tetrahydrofuran derivatives, accompanied by hitherto unknown dimeric products. If the reagent addition steps are reversed, tetrahydrofuran derivatives are obtained as the sole products, while only the dimeric products are isolated if Et₃SiH is excluded. One of the deoxygenated products has been transformed into a β-isonucleoside.     

η-Arene complexes of ruthenium and osmium with pendant donor functionalities

Conversion of 4′-(2,5-dihydrophenyl)butanol or N-trifluoroacetyl-2,5-dihydrobenzylamine with MCl₃·n H₂O (M = Ru, Os) affords the corresponding dimeric η⁶-arene complexes in good to excellent yields. Under similar reaction conditions, the amine functionalized arene precursor 2,5-dihydrobenzylamine yields the corresponding Ru(II) complex. For osmium, HCl induced oxidation leads to formation of [OsCl₆]²⁻ salts. However, under optimized reaction conditions, conversion of the precursor 2,5-dihydrobenzylamine chloride results in clean formation of η⁶-arene Os(II) complex. X-ray structures of [(η⁶-benzyl ammonium)(dmso)RuCl₂] and (2,5-dihydrobenzyl ammonium)₄[OsCl₆]₂confirm the spectroscopic data. High stability towards air and acid as well as enhanced solubility in water is observed for all η⁶-arene complexes.     

层状K4Ag2Sn3S9·2H2O的溶剂热合成与表征

用溶剂热法合成了K4Ag2Sn3S9·2H2O,通过单晶X射线衍射、DSC、TG、IR和紫外漫反射光谱等手段对其进行了表征.结果表明,K4Ag2Sn3S9·2H2O属单斜晶系,P21/m空间群,a=0.78071(2)nm,b=2.73508(1)nm,c=1.05008nm,α=90°,β=103.87(6)°,γ=90°,Z=4.其层状结构内具有一维孔道,钾离子分离在层间及层内孔道中.     

μ-η-s-trans-Butadieneoctacarbonyldiiron(0) - Structural and spectroscopic properties

The crystal structure of [{Fe(CO)₄}₂(μ-η^2:2-s-trans-C₄H₆)] was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 90 K. The complex is located on a center of symmetry in the triclinic space group P1‾. The central C-C bond of the s-trans-butadiene ligand is slightly longer compared to non-coordinated s-trans-butadiene. The Fe-C_ax bond lengths are slightly longer than d(Fe-C_eq) in agreement with marginally shorter d(C≡O_ax) compared to d(C≡O_eq). In addition, the title complex was characterized by IR and Raman as well as NMR spectroscopy and the data are interpreted by the aid of results of DFT calculations.     

BF3·SiO2-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of α-aminophosphonates in ionic liquid and neat conditions

α-Aminophosphonates were synthesized in a simple and efficient method from the three-component condensation reaction of 5-amino 2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole, aromatic aldehydes, and diethyl phosphite by silica-supported boron trifluoride (BF₃·SiO₂) in ionic liquid ([bmim][HCl]) under solvent-free conditions at room temperature in good to excellent yields and short reaction times. The catalyst can be recovered and reused for several times without any significant loss of activity. It was observed that a homogeneous reaction medium proved beneficial for the yield of the reaction.     

反相微乳液介质中Nd2(CO3)3·8H2 O的可控合成

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)/正丁醇/正辛烷/硝酸钕[Nd(NO3)3]溶液(碳酸钠溶液)所组成的反相微乳液为反应介质, 采用微乳液溶剂热法合成了Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O, 并考察了水/核比([H2O]/[CTAB])和Nd(NO3)3的浓度对其形貌和尺寸的影响. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、 热分析(DSC-TGA)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等对Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O的晶型、 形貌及尺寸进行了表征, 并提出了不同形貌Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O形成的可能机理. 结果表明, 随着水/核比的增大, Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O的形貌从多面体变成鱼尾状, 再变成针状; 随着Nd(NO3)3浓度的增大, 针状Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O的尺寸逐渐减小.     

A RhCl(PPh3)3/BF3·OEt2 co-promoted direct C-C cross-coupling of alcohols at β-position with aldehydes

A novel RhCl(PPh₃)₃/BF₃·OEt₂ co-promoted direct C-C cross-coupling of primary and secondary alcohols at β-position with aldehyde was developed. This reaction could provide an efficient synthesis of a series of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and diarylidene ketones, just from simple and easily available alcohols and aldehydes.     

Microdomain texture and microstructures of Fe-containing CaTi0.4Fe0.6O3−δ

A study of the structure of Fe^IV CaTi_0.4Fe_0.6O_3−δ is presented and compared to data on the Fe^III counterparts. The powder XRD pattern was dominated by a simple cubic perovskite unit cell; however, some small peaks indicated an orthorhombic distortion. All peaks could be indexed using a space group analogous to the Fe^III phase Ca₃TiFe₂O₈. From HRTEM the strong cubic peaks are well explained by the superposition of three equivalent and mutually perpendicular orthorhombic unit cells. TEM analysis further revealed a microdomain structure consisting of disordered intergrowths of CaTiO₃- and Ca₃TiFe₂O₈-like phases. Mössbauer spectra show that ca. 4% of the Fe cations are in the 4+ oxidation state. Results suggest that the Fe⁴⁺ cations are associated with octahedral coordination and hence are associated with the CaTiO₃-like regions, transition regions between the CaTiO₃- and Ca₃TiFe₂O₈ intergrown phases and the domain boundaries. Structural models for the intergrowths are proposed based on HRTEM image simulations.     

ZnAc2·2H2O在空气中的热分解动力学研究

用TG/DTA,DSC和XRD技术研究了固态物质ZnAc2.2H2O在空气中的热分解过程.结果表明,ZnAc2.2H2O在空气中发生两步分解,其失重率与理论计算失重率相符.XRD结果表明,ZnAc2.2H2O分解的最终产物为ZnO.用Friedman法和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO)法求得分解过程的活化能E,并通过多元线性回归方法给出了可能的机理函数.ZnAc2.2H2O在空气中两步分解的活化能分别为119.82和66.82kJ/mol.