Orthopalladation of phosphorus ylides in endo position with bidentate ligands

The ortho-metallated complexes [Pd₂{κ²(C,C)-C₆H₄(PPh₂CHC(O)C₆H₅R}₂(μ-Cl)₂] (R = Ph (1a), NO₂ (1b), Br (1c)) were prepared by refluxing equimolar mixtures of Ph₃PCHC(O)C₆H₅R, (R = Ph, NO₂, Br) and Pd(OAc)₂ in MeOH, followed by an excess of NaCl. The dinuclear complexes (1a-1c) react with silver trifluoromethylsulfonate and bidentate ligands [L = bipy (2,2′-bipyridine), phen (phenanthroline), dppe (bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane), dppp (bis(diphenylphosphino)propane)] giving the mononuclear stabilized orthopalladated complexes in endo position [Pd{κ²(C,C)-C₆H₄(PPh₂CHC(O)R}L](OTf) [R = Ph, L = phen (2a), bipy (3a), dppe (4a), dppp (5a); R = NO₂, L = phen (2b), bipy (3b), dppe (4b), dppp (5b); R = Br, L = phen (2c), bipy (3c), dppe (4c), dppp (5c); OTf = trifluoromethylsulfonate anion]. Orthometalation and ylidic C-coordination are demonstrated by an X-ray diffraction study of 2c and 3c. In the structures, the palladium atom shows a slightly distorted square-planar coordination geometry.     

Preparation of hydride complexes of ruthenium with bidentate phosphite ligands

Hydride complex RuH₂(PFFP)₂ (1) [PFFP = (CF₃CH₂O)₂PN(CH₃)N(CH₃)P(OCH₂CF₃)₂] was prepared by allowing the compound RuCl₄(bpy) · H₂O (bpy = 1,2-bipyridine) to react first with the phosphite PFFP and then with NaBH₄. Chloro-complex RuCl₂(PFFP)₂ (2) was also prepared, either by reacting RuCl₄(bpy) · H₂O with PFFP and zinc dust or by substituting triphenylphosphine with PFFP in the precursor complex RuCl₂(PPh₃)₃. Hydride derivative RuH₂(POOP)₂ (3) (POOP = Ph₂POCH₂CH₂OPPh₂) was prepared by reacting compound RuCl₃(AsPh₃)₂(CH₃OH) first with the phosphite POOP and then with NaBH₄. Depending on experimental conditions, treatment of carbonylated solutions of RuCl₃ · 3H₂O with POOP yields either the cis- or trans-RuCl₂(CO)(PHPh₂)(POOP) (4) derivative. Reaction of both cis- and trans-4 with LiAlH₄ in thf affords dihydride complex RuH₂(CO)(PHPh₂)(POOP) (5). Chloro-complex all-trans-RuCl₂(CO)₂(PPh₂OMe)₂ (6) was obtained by reacting carbonylated solutions of RuCl₃ · 3H₂O in methanol with POOP. Treatment of chloro-complex 6 with NaBH₄ in ethanol yielded hydride derivative all-trans-RuH₂(CO)₂(PPh₂OMe)₂ (7). The complexes were characterised spectroscopically and the X-ray crystal structures of complexes 1, 3, cis-4 and 6 were determined.     

Facile and new convenient route for synthesis of some C2-symmetric bidentate phosphine ligands derived from d-mannitol

The preparation of two novel C₂ symmetric bidentate phosphine ligands derived from cheap and available D-mannitol has been reported. These new ligands accompanied by unprecedented one-pot reaction for the regioselective reductive opening of 1,3:4,6-di-O-benzylidene-D-mannitol have been achieved. All reported compounds are fully characterized by standard analytical methods including the measurement of optical activities.     

Regiochemistry of nucleophilic substitution of 4-phenylsulfonyl tetrafluoropyridine with unequal bidentate nucleophiles

The regiochemistry of nucleophilic substitution of 4-phenylsulfonyl tetrafluoropyridine with unequal bidentate nucleophiles was investigated. The first nucleophilic substitution occurs at the 2-position of the pyridine ring by nitrogen nucleophile site (secondary or primary amine) followed by intermolecular ring closure at the geometrically accessible 3-position of the pyridine ring (by S, O and N nucleophiles). From this investigation, difluorinated tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b][1,4]oxazine, thiazine and pyrazine scaffolds were synthesized very readily by a one-pot annelation reaction of 4-phenylsulfonyl tetrafluoropyridine with appropriate unequal bidentate nucleophiles.     

Palladium complexes with meso-bioxazoline ligands for alternating styrene/CO copolymerisation: Counterion effect

Two sets of mono- and dicationic palladium complexes (8) and (10), having and as counterions, were synthesised. The interionic structure of the methyl-acetonitrile complexes [Pd((R,S)-Bn-Box)(CH₃)(NCCH₃)](X) (8) in solution, was investigated by pulsed-gradient spin-echo (PGSE) diffusion measurements and (¹H, ¹⁹F)-HOESY NMR spectroscopy. A high degree of ion-pairing was found in each complex. The HOESY spectra showed that the and anions take up selective positions, on the side of the complex remote from the benzyl groups, but close to the acetonitrile ligand, while the triflate is, partially, occupying a pseudo fifth coordination position on the side of the cation remote from the two benzyl-groups. The complexes 8 and 10 were used as catalyst precursors for the copolymerisation of styrene with carbon monoxide, producing syndiotactic copolymers, with the exception of complex 10a, that led to isotactic copolymers.     

Au/FeOx-羟基磷灰石催化CO氧化反应中羟基磷灰石和FeOx的作用

近期我们报道了Au/FeO_x-羟基磷灰石(HAP, Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂)催化剂应用于CO氧化反应的研究结果,该催化剂不仅具有很高的低温CO氧化活性和反应稳定性, 同时也具有很好的高温抗烧结性能, 即使600℃焙烧后依然能够维持很好的CO氧化反应活性. 为了进一步研究Au/FeO_x-HAP催化CO氧化反应中HAP和FeO_x的作用, 本文对该催化剂进行了更加深入的表征. X射线光电子能谱结果表明, HAP能与Au和FeO_x形成强相互作用, 进而在高温条件下稳定Au和FeO_x纳米粒子. 根据原位漫反射红外结果, FeO_x则主要通过改变反应路径和中间产物的方式起到促进催化剂CO氧化活性的作用. 结合透射电镜, 穆斯堡尔谱和原位漫反射红外结果可知, Au/FeO_x-HAP催化剂良好的反应稳定性源于其优异的抗碳酸盐累积能力.     

CO诱导的FeO(111)/Ru(0001)负载Au原子吸附位和电荷的改变

采用密度泛函理论研究了CO气氛对FeO(111)/Ru(0001)负载Au原子吸附位、电荷及其稳定性的影响. 首先考察了FeO(111)单层薄膜在Ru(0001)表面上的界面结构. 研究发现,表面莫尔超晶胞内的HCP区域有最小的Fe-O层间距(rumpling),且Fe和O原子均与衬底Ru形成化学键. Au原子在FeO/Ru(0001)上最稳定的吸附在HCP区域的Fe-bridge位. 其中,Au原子诱导两个Fe原子从O原子层的下面翻转到其上面,形成两个Au-Fe键,且Au带负电. 当把体系暴露在CO气氛下后,CO能诱导Au原子从原来最稳定的Fe-bridge位转移到其邻近的O-top位,伴随着Au的电荷从负变到正,形成非常稳定的Au⁺-CO羰基物. 结果表明,反应气氛对负载金属催化剂的化学状态及其稳定性的影响很大; 同时也强调了反应条件下催化剂原位表征的重要性.     

Drastic effect of bidentate phosphine ligands on Pd-catalyzed hydroarylation of ethyl propiolate: a simple route to arylbutadienes

Palladium complexes with bidentate phosphine ligands, Pd(dppe)(OAc)(2) and Pd(dppm)(OAc)(2), were found to be effective catalysts for reactions of simple arenes with ethyl propiolate, affording arylbutadiene derivatives selectively.     

Experimental and theoretical characterization of Ru(II) complexes with polypyridine and phosphine ligands

The synthesis and the experimental and theoretical characterization of ruthenium hydride complexes containing phosphorus and polypyridine ligands [RuH(CO)(N-N)(PPh₃)₂]⁺ with N-N = dppz 1, dppz-CH₃2 (2.1 isomer), dppz-Cl 3 (3.1 isomer), ppl 4, and 2,2′-biquinoline 5, (where dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine), are presented. ¹H NMR, ³¹P NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR-FT, UV-Vis and elemental analysis are used to characterize the complexes. Optimized molecular geometries in the gas phase at the B3LYP/LACVP(d,p) level showed a distorted octahedral structure for ruthenium, the phosphine ligands are localized in a trans position, while the polypyridine ligand, which in all the cases is planar except in 5, adopt a trans position relative to the carbon monoxide and hydride ligands. The theoretical absorption spectra (one hundred excited states) were calculated for the seven complexes by the time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) in the gas phase. They predicted very well the UV-Vis spectra. It was possible to identify the character of each electronic transition and the fragments of the complexes involved in it. Theoretical evidence of the substituent effect in the polypyridine ligand and of the ligand effect (dppz, biq, ppl) was found, displayed mainly in the longer wavelength band. The theoretical results showed that the properties of these complexes can be tuned with changes localized in the polypyridine ligand covalently bonded to ruthenium.     

1,2-亚苯基二硫桥[FeFe]-氢化酶模拟物选择性光催化还原CO2至CO

利用基于非贵金属的分子催化剂通过光驱动催化CO2还原生成CO是将太阳能储存为化学能和缓解CO2温室效应的有效途径之一,具有重要的科学意义和潜在的应用前景.已报道的非贵金属分子催化剂,大多数对于光驱动CO2还原表现出缓慢的催化反应速率和/或对CO产物的低选择性,反应常常伴随着质子还原产氢反应,只有很少几种非贵金属分子催化剂对光催化CO2还原生成CO表现出高催化反应速率(>100 h?1)和高选择性.研究表明,双核过渡金属配合物由于分子中邻近的两个金属中心的协同催化作用,对于CO2还原生成CO的催化活性明显高于相应的单核配合物.因此,具有两个邻近的金属离子的非贵金属双核配合物有望作为CO2选择性还原的高效分子催化剂.我们最近的研究发现,具有刚性、共轭亚苯基二硫桥结构的[FeFe]-氢化酶模拟物[(μ-bdt)Fe2(CO)6](1,bdt=苯-1,2-二巯基)能够高活性、高选择性地光化学还原CO2至CO,而与其类似的模拟物[(μ-edt)Fe2(CO)6](2,edt=乙烷-1,2-巯基)则不具有光催化还原CO2活性,表明铁铁氢化酶模拟物中硫-硫桥的结构是影响模拟物的催化性能的重要结构因素之一.可见光照射1/[Ru(bpy)3]2+/BIH(BIH=1,3-二甲基-2-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-苯并[d]-咪唑)体系4.5 h,1催化生成CO的循环数(TON)为710,在初始1 h的转化率(TOF)为7.12 min^-1,CO的选择性达到97%,内量子效率为2.8%.有趣的是,向体系中加入TEOA时可以调节1的催化选择性,光化学反应能够在CO2还原产生CO和质子还原产生H2之间进行切换.此外,采用稳态荧光和瞬态吸收光谱研究了光催化体系中的电子转移,提出可能的光催化反应机理.该研究结果揭示了刚性硫-硫桥结构的氢化酶模拟物对光化学CO2还原至CO的特殊催化活性,拓展了铁铁氢化酶模拟物的催化多功能性.     

Ab Initio Study on The Influence of Spin State upon Bonding,Interaction in Fe—CO

Four Fe—CO states with 3d_σ-4s, 3d_δ-3d_δ electrons spin-paired or spinunpaired were examined to investigate the influences of pairing versus unpairing mechanisms upon the bonding, interaction in Fe—CO. The calculation results show that the Fe—CO bonding, interaction are determined by a balance between the bonding stabilization, the exchange stabilization with 3d_σ-4s electron spinpairing or without it. The 3d_δ-3d_δ electron spinpairing versus unpairing has a surprised effect on the Fe—CO bonding properties even though the 3d_δ orbitals are usually considered as non bonding ones.     

Chelating ionic versus bridged molecular structures of group 13 metal complexes with bidentate ligands

Complexes of aluminum and gallium trihalides with ethylenediamine (en) and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (tmen) of 2:1 composition have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In contrast to known molecular complexes of hydrido and methyl-substituted analogs, these solid complexes adopt ionic structures of the general type [M¹X₂LL]⁺[M²X₄]⁻ (X = Br, I; M¹, M² = Al or Ga; LL = en, tmen).     

Promoting Effects of Iron on CO Oxidation over Au/TiO2 Supported Au Nanoparticles

Fe-doped TiO₂ supported gold nanoparticles as high-performance CO oxidation catalysts were prepared. XRD data revealed that TiO₂ support was in an anatase phase. After calcination at 300℃, the sample showed nanotube structure, and the size of gold nanoparticles was 3.1 nm. When calcined at 500℃, most nanotubes broke, and gold nanoparticles grew up to 5.9 nm. XPS spectrum indicated the presence of Fe in the +3 oxidation state. Au/Fe-TiO₂(Au:1.44%, Fe:1.35%) calcined at 300℃ possessed the best catalytic activity, and it could completely convert CO at 25℃. The temperature of 100% CO conversion(T_100%) of Fe-free catalyst was 40℃. After the catalysts were stored at room temperature for 7 d, T_100% of Au/Fe-TiO₂ increased from 25℃ to 30℃, while T_100% of Fe-free catalyst increased from 40℃ to 80℃. The catalytic activity and storage stability of Au/TiO₂ could be improved by Fe-doping. The increase of specific surface area, generation of oxygen vacancies and new adsorption sites, depression of the growth of gold nanoparticles, and strong metal-support interaction were responsible for the promoting effect of iron on the catalytic performance of Au/TiO₂ for CO oxidation.     

Pyrazolyl-pyrimidine based ligands in palladium catalyzed copolymerization and terpolymerization of CO/olefins

Cationic palladium(II) complexes of the type containing bisnitrogen ligands with a pyrazole moiety were synthesized from the corresponding neutral derivatives [PdClMe(N-N′)]. Their characterization by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy in solution evidences the presence of the Pd-Me group cis to the pyrazole ring. The catalytic behaviour of the cationic complexes in CO/4-tert-butylstyrene copolymerization and CO/ethylene/4-tert-butylstyrene terpolymerization was investigated. Productivity was greatly enhanced when the reaction was carried out in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE). Molecular weights and polydispersity (M_w/M_n) of the obtained polyketones resulted among the best reported for C_s-bisnitrogen planar ligands.     

常压低温等离子体有效去除催化CO氧化的金原子团簇的保护剂（英文）

采用介质阻挡放电等离子体技术可以在低温、常压下实现对纳米金催化剂中保护基团的有效去除.本文通过对不同保护基团(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和半胱氨酸)保护的金催化剂进行等离子体预处理,发现采用该技术能有效去除载体中的层间阴离子,还可能将金原子与保护基团之间的化学键打断.通过X射线粉末衍射对等离子体处理后的样品和未经处理的样品进行表征,发现经等离子体处理后的样品,载体从水滑石结构变为复合氧化物结构,这说明等离子体处理可将载体中的羟基和羰基除去,从而引起载体结构变化.热重分析结果显示,经等离子体处理后的样品失重量(19%-23%)与未处理样品的失重量(31%)相比差10%左右,这说明采用该方法可以在一定程度上去除纳米金表面保护基团和载体的层间阴离子.用紫外-可见光谱和高角环形暗场像-扫描透射电子显微镜对催化剂中金颗粒的尺寸分布和平均粒径进行分析,发现金颗粒在等离子体处理过后其粒径没有发生严重聚集,平均粒径由未处理时的1.4-1.7 nm轻微长大至2.4-3.7 nm.以含硫醇化合物(半胱氨酸)保护的金原子团簇催化剂为例考察了等离子体不同处理时间的影响,发现随着处理时间从25 min延长至150 min,样品的颜色从浅紫色变为暗紫色.结合XRD和TGA等结果可知,随着处理时间的延长,催化剂中保护基团的去除度逐渐提高.CO氧化反应活性评价结果显示,与未经处理的样品相比,经等离子体处理后的样品催化CO氧化反应活性有明显提高,且随预处理时间延长,活性有提高的趋势.动力学测试结果表明,经等离子体处理后的样品催化CO氧化的表观活化能低至1.2-2.9 k J/mol,接近于文献中报道的Au/TiO_2催化剂.这说明作为一种催化剂处理方法,介质阻挡放电等离子体技术可以有效去除催化剂中的保护剂,且因其处理条件相对温和,可在一定程度上保持金颗粒尺寸的稳定,这对于控制合成负载型小尺寸的金催化剂具有重要意义.     

MCM-41-supported bidentate phosphine palladium(0) complex: a highly active and recyclable catalyst for the Sonogashira reaction of aryl iodides

The first MCM-41-supported bidentate phosphine palladium(0) complex has been prepared. This complex is a highly efficient catalyst for Sonogashira reaction and can be reused at least 10 times without any decrease in activity.     

纳米金催化一氧化碳氧化反应的理论研究

近年来,纳米金催化剂独特的催化性质,特别是其优异的低温催化氧化活性,引起了人们极大的研究热情.除低温选择氧化外,在精细化学品合成、大气污染物消除、氢能的转换和利用等领域也开发出了一系列有广泛应用前景的金催化反应.此外,体相金的化学惰性和纳米金的超高活性之间差异的“鸿沟”也引起了理论工作者浓厚兴趣,试图从原理上理解体相金和纳米金活性差异的根源. CO催化氧化是最具有代表性的研究金催化活性的化学反应,本文主要综述了近十多年来金催化 CO氧化反应理论计算方面的研究工作.一般认为, CO在纳米金表面的吸附是 CO氧化反应的初始步骤.密度泛函理论研究表明, CO在金表面的吸附强度主要与被吸附金原子的配位数有关：金配位数越低, CO的吸附能越强,部分研究结果表明两者之间存在近似的线性关系.我们研究发现, CO吸附强度也与被吸附金周围配位金原子的相对位置有关,其中位于正下方的配位金原子加强 CO吸附,而位于侧位的配位金原子则弱化 CO吸附,这显然削弱了 CO吸附与金配位数线性关系的可靠性.理论研究表明,在纯金表
　　面上 O2吸附强度一般很弱,只有在一些特殊结构的金团簇上才有较强的吸附,但在 Au/TiO2界面及 CeO2表面上 O2吸附较强.金表面原子氧的吸附和金的表面结构有关.我们发现,原子氧倾向于在金的表面形成一种线性的 O–Au–O结构以增加其稳定性.当金表面的氧覆盖度增大时,会形成一种金氧化物薄膜结构,其结构依赖于氧的化学势和金的表面结构.纳米金催化 CO氧化反应机理可能因体系、载体等的差异而不同.大部分理论计算结果表明,在纯金表面上 O2很难直接解离形成原子氧,因此反应机理可能是吸附的 CO先与 O2反应形成了一种 CO–O2中间体,然后解离形成 CO2.在 Au/TiO2和 Au/CeO2催化剂上 CO催化氧化机理争议很大,均有计算结果支持 LH机理和 M–vK机理.另外,根据实验上观察到了负载型纳米金能直接活化分子氧的结果,理论上也提出了分子氧先解离为原子氧再与 CO反应的氧解离机理.针对如何解离分子氧问题,人们分别提出了低配位金模型、正方形金结构模型、Ti5c模型及 Au/Ti5c模型等.我们也提出了一种独特的双直线 O–Au–O模型来理解 Au/TiO2或 Au/CeO2界面解离活化分子氧.理论计算结果表明,低配位的金,金和载体之间的电荷转移,以及金所表现出的强相对论效应对于纳米金的活性影响很大.需要特别指出的是,金的强相对论效应有助于理解金表面的 CO吸附与金配位的关系、金表面原子氧的吸附特性、金氧化物薄膜的结构和分子氧的活化等过程.我们认为,金的强相对论作用导致了体相金的化学惰性以及纳米金的活性,因此相对论效应的深入研究将有助于理解金催化 CO氧化反应机理,从而有助于深层次理解纳米金催化活性来源.     

Co3O4纳米晶表面晶格氧催化氧化CO的理论研究

近年来,纳米科学技术的迅速发展给催化领域,特别是多相催化带来了新的机遇和挑战.科学家们开始着眼于在纳米尺度上对催化剂结构和催化性能进行表征、控制和设计.Co3O4作为一种重要的半导体金属氧化物材料,由于其优异的氧化还原性质,在锂电池、气体传感器以及多相催化领域得到了十分广泛的应用.最近,研究者发现Co3O4纳米晶在催化CO低温氧化和CH4活化等一系列重要反应中表现出显著的反应活性和晶面效应,表明有效设计和合成特定的高活性、高选择性的纳米晶面,对催化领域的发展将具有十分重要的意义.因而,从原子层面对纳米晶所表现出的这种高活性和晶面效应进行深入解释,将为高效催化剂设计提供重要指导.低温CO氧化作为一种重要的催化反应在燃料电池、空气净化与汽车尾气处理中具有重要的应用价值.本文采用密度泛函理论对Co3O4纳米晶催化CO氧化反应的机理、晶面效应以及结构敏感性进行了理论研究.首先,研究了CO在Co3O4(001)和(011)表面Co,CoOo和Co-Ot三种不同位点的吸附扩散行为,发现CO在Co位点表现出较强的吸附行为,但这种吸附构型需要克服很高的能垒(～1 eV)才能转变到Co-O离子对位点,在低温下这种转变将不可能发生,因此我们推断CO在Co位点的吸附对Co3O4催化CO氧化的晶面效应没有显著影响.接着,对CO在Co-O离子对位点抽提晶格氧生成CO2的反应机理进行了研究.我们发现,(011)表面Co-Ot位点可以较强地吸附CO(吸附能-1.15 eV),并十分容易夺取晶格氧离子(能垒0.26 eV),具有很低的势能面,因而其CO氧化活性明显大于(001)面.为了更清楚地理解这种晶面效应和结构敏感效应的本质,我们提出将CO2形成步的过渡态在反应路径上的能级作为反应活性指标.这种活性指标兼顾考虑了CO在Co-O氧位点的吸附覆盖度和CO2形成步的反应能垒,可以近似理解为反应的表观活化能.据此我们得出,Co3O4不同表面不同品格位点催化CO氧化的反应活性顺序为:(011)-Co-Ot＞＞(001)-Co-Oo＞(011)-Co-Oo＞(001)-Co-Ot.由于CO吸附和CO2形成步都涉及到表面被还原的过程,我们因此发现CO催化氧化活性的高低与表面晶格氧位点的可还原性具有正相关性.这种表面不同位点的还原性可以直接通过对空穴形成能的计算获得,降低表面氧空穴的生成能将有利于提高CO氧化的活性.催化设计的终极目标是在对催化活性位点的本质及反应机理深入认识的基础上在原子层面上对催化剂进行可控设计,从而实现催化剂材料的高效、经济的利用.本文研究表明离子对活性位点是Co3O4纳米晶催化CO氧化反应的活性位点,其中阳离子负责对CO的吸附,阴离子则负责CO2的形成过程,这种协同作用实现了Co3O4纳米晶的高反应活性.我们相信,寻找有效的方法在催化剂表面增加离子对位点活性中心的数目是一种实现高性能催化剂设计的途径.     

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 with high current density in a CO2 + methanol medium II. CO formation promoted by tetrabutylammonium cation

The cation of the supporting electrolyte was found to play an important role in the electrochemical reduction of highly concentrated CO₂ in a CO₂ + methanol medium. Electroreduction of CO₂ with tetrabutylammonium (TBA) salts yielded CO as the main product, while methyl formate was predominantly formed when lithium salts were used as supporting electrolytes. The latter supporting electrolytes showed a higher overvoltage than the former. When TBA salt was used, the reduction of CO₂ was catalysed by TBA ion to yield CO^−.₂. This intermediate may be stabilized by forming an ion pair, {TBA⁺---CO^−.₂}, or by being adsorbed on the electrode surface as CO^−._2ad. Then CO^−.₂ reacts with CO₂ to produce CO. The hydrophobic atmosphere at the electrode provided by TBA ion may be adequate for CO production. Lithium ion, on the other hand, suppressed the reduction of CO₂.     

Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative synthesis of indoloisoindoloquinazolinone derivatives by using CO as a carbonyl source

An efficient synthesis of indolo[1,2-c]isoindolo[2,1-a]quinazolin-5(16aH)-one derivatives through palladium-catalyzed cyclocarbonylation reaction of 6-(2-bromoaryl)-5,6-dihydroindolo[1,2-c]quinazolines with the use of CO as a carbonyl source under atmospheric pressure has been disclosed. More intriguingly, the above-mentioned products can also be obtained directly from a one-pot two-step tandem reaction of 2-(1H-indol-2-yl)anilines and 2-bromobenzaldehydes, which are the precursors of 6-(2-bromoaryl)-5,6-dihydroindolo[1,2-c]quinazolines, under an atmospheric CO pressure in modest yields.