Elliptic boundary value problems with λ-dependent boundary conditions

In this paper second order elliptic boundary value problems on bounded domains Ω⊂Rn with boundary conditions on ∂Ω depending nonlinearly on the spectral parameter are investigated in an operator theoretic framework. For a general class of locally meromorphic functions in the boundary condition a solution operator of the boundary value problem is constructed with the help of a linearization procedure. In the special case of rational Nevanlinna or Riesz-Herglotz functions on the boundary the solution operator is obtained in an explicit form in the product Hilbert space L²(Ω)⊕(L²m(∂Ω)), which is a natural generalization of known results on λ-linear elliptic boundary value problems and λ-rational boundary value problems for ordinary second order differential equations.     

Double-markov risk model

Given a new Double-Markov risk model DM=(μ,Q,ν,H;Y,Z) and Double-Markov risk process U={U(t),t≥ 0}. The ruin or survival problem is addressed. Equations which the survival probability satisfied and the formulas of calculating survival probability are obtained. Recursion formulas of calculating the survival probability and analytic expression of recursion items are obtained. The conclusions are expressed by Q matrix for a Markov chain and transition probabilities for another Markov Chain.     

Rational torsion on optimal curves and rank-one quadratic twists

When an elliptic curve E^′/Q of square-free conductor N has a rational point of odd prime order l?N, Dummigan (2005) in [Du] explicitly constructed a rational point of order l on the optimal curve E, isogenous over Q to E^′, under some conditions. In this paper, we show that his construction also works unconditionally. And applying it to Heegner points of elliptic curves, we find a family of elliptic curves E^′/Q such that a positive proportion of quadratic twists of E^′ has (analytic) rank 1. This family includes the infinite family of elliptic curves of the same property in Byeon, Jeon, and Kim (2009) [B-J-K].     

Mixed principal eigenvalues in dimension one

This is one of a series of papers exploring the stability speed of one-dimensional stochastic processes. The present paper emphasizes on the principal eigenvalues of elliptic operators. The eigenvalue is just the best constant in the L ²-Poincaré inequality and describes the decay rate of the corresponding diffusion process. We present some variational formulas for the mixed principal eigenvalues of the operators. As applications of these formulas, we obtain case by case explicit estimates, a criterion for positivity, and an approximating procedure for the eigenvalue.     

New generalized Jacobi elliptic function rational expansion method

In this work, a new generalized Jacobi elliptic function rational expansion method is based upon twenty-four Jacobi elliptic functions and eight double periodic Weierstrass elliptic functions, which solve the elliptic equation ?^′2=r+p?²+q?⁴, is described. As a consequence abundant new Jacobi-Weierstrass double periodic elliptic functions solutions for (3+1)-dimensional Kadmtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation are obtained by using this method. We show that the new method can be also used to solve other nonlinear partial differential equations (NPDEs) in mathematical physics.     

Special values of L-functions of elliptic curves over Q and their base change to real quadratic fields

For an elliptic curve E over Q, and a real quadratic extension F of Q, satisfying suitable hypotheses, we study the algebraic part of certain twisted L-values for E/F. The Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture predicts that these L-values are squares of rational numbers. We show that this question is related to the ratio of Petersson inner products of a quaternionic form on a definite quaternion algebra over Q and its base change to F.     

Mesures d'indépendance linéaire de carrés de périodes et quasi-périodes de courbes elliptiques

A linear independence measure over Q is obtained for values of some generalized hypergeometric functions at rational points and for the squares of real periods and quasi-periods of elliptic curves in Legendre form y²=x(x−1)(x−1/q) for almost every q∈Z.     

Point counting on reductions of CM elliptic curves

We give explicit formulas for the number of points on reductions of elliptic curves with complex multiplication by any imaginary quadratic field. We also find models for CM Q-curves in certain cases. This generalizes earlier results of Gross, Stark, and others.     

Multiples of integral points on elliptic curves

If E is a minimal elliptic curve defined over Z, we obtain a bound C, depending only on the global Tamagawa number of E, such that for any point P∈E(Q), nP is integral for at most one value of n>C. As a corollary, we show that if E/Q is a fixed elliptic curve, then for all twists E^′ of E of sufficient height, and all torsion-free, rank-one subgroups Γ⊆E^′(Q), Γ contains at most 6 integral points. Explicit computations for congruent number curves are included.     

THE COMPOSITE FORMULAS ON A CONVEX DOMAIN IN Cn

Using the Plemelj formulas for a function and a (n, n − 1)-form on a convex domain in Cⁿ, the author obtains their composite formulas and inverse formulas. As an application, the author proves that the singular integral equation with Aizenberg kernel is equivalent to a Fredholm equation.     

A simplification of the Kovarik formula

Let P,Q be two idempotents on a Hilbert space. Z.V. Kovarik (Z.V. Kovarik, Similarity and interpolation between projectors, Acta Sci. Math. (Szeged) 39 (1977) 341-351) showed that when P+Q−I is invertible, the formula K(P,Q)=P⁻²(P+Q−I)Q gives the only idempotent such that R(K)=R(P), N(K)=N(Q), where N(T) and R(T) denote the nullspace and the range of a bounded linear operator T on a Hilbert space, respectively. This formula was later extended to the context of Banach algebras and used in 1983 by J. Esterle to show that two homotopic idempotents may always be connected by a polynomial idempotent valued path. In the present paper, we give a simplification of Kovarik's original formula and one natural generalization of it.     

Schur Q-polynomials, multiple hypergeometric series and enumeration of marked shifted tableaux

We study Schur Q-polynomials evaluated on a geometric progression, or equivalently q-enumeration of marked shifted tableaux, seeking explicit formulas that remain regular at q=1. We obtain several such expressions as multiple basic hypergeometric series, and as determinants and pfaffians of continuous q-ultraspherical or continuous q-Jacobi polynomials. As special cases, we obtain simple closed formulas for staircase-type partitions.     

The Krein formula in almost Pontryagin spaces. A proof via orthogonal coupling

A new proof is provided for the Krein formula for generalized resolvents in the context of symmetric operators or relations with defect numbers $(1,1)$ in an almost Pontryagin space. The new proof is geometric and uses the orthogonal coupling of the almost Pontryagin spaces induced by the $Q$-function and the parameter function in the Krein formula.     

Root numbers and ranks in positive characteristic

For a global field K and an elliptic curve E_η over K(T), Silverman's specialization theorem implies rank(E_η(K(T)))?rank(E_t(K)) for all but finitely many t∈P¹(K). If this inequality is strict for all but finitely many t, the elliptic curve E_η is said to have elevated rank. All known examples of elevated rank for K=Q rest on the parity conjecture for elliptic curves over Q, and the examples are all isotrivial.Some additional standard conjectures over Q imply that there does not exist a non-isotrivial elliptic curve over Q(T) with elevated rank. In positive characteristic, an analogue of one of these additional conjectures is false. Inspired by this, for the rational function field K=κ(u) over any finite field κ with characteristic ≠2, we construct an explicit 2-parameter family E_c,d of non-isotrivial elliptic curves over K(T) (depending on arbitrary c,d∈κ^×) such that, under the parity conjecture, each E_c,d has elevated rank.     

Holographic formula for Q-curvature

This paper derives an explicit formula for Branson's Q-curvature in even-dimensional conformal geometry. The ingredients in the formula come from the Poincaré metric in one higher dimension; hence the formula is called holographic. When specialized to the conformally flat case, the holographic formula expresses the Q-curvature as a multiple of the Pfaffian and the divergence of a natural 1-form. The paper also outlines the relation between holographic formulae for Q-curvature and a new theory of conformally covariant families of differential operators due to the second author.