萃取光度法测定钨精矿中钍

试样经碱熔、溶液浸取后 ,以 Mg Cl2 为载体沉淀钍 ,再经沉淀溶解、萃取和反萃 ,在 3.6mol/L 盐酸介质中对钍进行光度法测定。钍量在 0～ 2 0 μg/2 5m L浓度范围符合比耳定律。钨精矿中常见杂质元素及其含量对钍的测定无明显影响。方法的标准偏差为 5.0× 1 0 -5～ 1 .1 7× 1 0 -4 ,相对标准偏差为 1 .87%～1 0 .8%。     

间接光度法测定水和废水中硫酸盐

在稀盐酸介质中定量加入铬酸钡悬浮液使与SO2-4反应生成BaSO4沉淀。经煮沸,并调节溶液的酸度后,将含有沉淀的溶液以1500r·min-1的速率离心1min,在420nm波长处用1cm吸收皿,以水作参比测定上层澄清液中CrO2-4的吸光度。硫酸根浓度在0～6mg/50ml范围内符合比耳定律。检出限为0.48μg·ml-1,RSD(n=8)为5.38%(SO2-40.50mg)和1.03%(SO2-42 00mg)。平均回收率为99.5%,方法已应用于雨水、地面水及废水中硫酸根的测定。     

氧化钇粒度控制与测定

用氨水或碳酸氢铵与氯化钇溶液反应生成沉淀，煅烧沉淀制备了D50为0．45μmt 2-10μm的各种粒径的氧化钇粉末。分别采用Coulter MultisizerⅡ和90Plus粒度仪测定微米和亚微米级氧化钇粉体粒度，研究了分散剂，待测样品量，分散时间等因素对亚微米级氧化钇粉体粒度测量精度的影响。     

钨矿中锡的测定

在滴定法测定锡时 ,钨被还原成钨蓝 ,当其含量超过 2 5mg ,滴定终点无法判断[1] 。常用来消除干扰的方法有硝酸处理 ,在EDTA存在下 ,以氢氧化铍为载体 ,加入氨水生成 β 锡酸沉淀[2 ] ;硼酸、硼砂、锌粉、氯化钾高温烧结[3] ;锌粉 氢氧化钠烧结、高锰酸钾氧化沉淀分离[4 ] ;但操作较麻烦[1～ 3] ,高锰酸钾加入量也不易控制[4 ] 。本文采用加入辛可宁与W (Ⅵ )形成黄色络合物沉淀使之与Sn(Ⅳ )分离 ,取得较好的效果 ,操作简便、快速 ,易于批量生产。1　试剂淀粉溶液 :5 g·L- 1,称取可溶性淀粉 0 .5 g ,用少量水调匀 ,然后倾入 10 0ml沸…     

火焰原子吸收光谱法间接测定青霉素V钾

基于青霉素V钾在酸性条件下的水解产物可与Pb2 + 形成沉淀 ,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定沉淀中铅的含量 ,可间接测定药片中青霉素V钾的含量。在优化条件下 ,测定青霉素V钾的线性范围为 5 .15× 10 -5～ 4 .12× 10 -4mol/L ,线性回归方程为A =2 .4 2× 10 3 c - 0 .0 6 3 1,相关系数为 0 .999 1,检出限为 7.392× 10 -7mol/L ,测定结果的相对标准偏差为 0 .0 6 %～ 0 .6 9% ,回收率为 97.8%～ 10 2 .0 %。     

四苯硼钠滴定法快速测定钾

GB 1 50 63- 94四苯硼钠沉淀钾重量法测定钾 ,其分析方法精密度高、准确度好 ,被广泛应用于各种物料中常量钾的测定 ,但是操作繁琐、费时、易出错。本文提出的四苯硼钠滴定法 ,以四苯硼钠为标准滴定剂 ,在水和三氯甲烷的两相介质中 ,以溴酚蓝和季铵盐为指示剂 ,滴定钾离子直至三氯甲烷层中蓝色消失 ,水相呈色为终点 ,终点一滴变色明显 ,具有简便、快速、准确的特点。1　试验部分1 .1　主要试剂四苯硼钠标准溶液 :c[Na B(C6H5) 4]=0 .1 mol· L-1季铵盐溶液 :1 0 g· L-1氢氧化钠溶液 :1 0 0 g·L-1氯化钾溶液 :0 .1 mol· L-1溴酚蓝指示…     

催化动力学交流示波极谱法测定微量钒的研究

研究了在柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液中,V(Ⅴ)催化过氧化氢氧化茜素红S的褪色反应A其动力学条件,建立了一种高灵敏度、高选择性测量微量V(Ⅴ)的新方法。测定V(Ⅴ)的线性范围为1．0～6．0μg·ml-1,检出限为0．50μg·ml-1,有色溶液及沉淀不干扰测定,优于催化光度法,使得用于常量分析的交流示波极谱法可以进行微量测定。方法用于合金钢中钒的测定,结果满意。     

碘量法测定气态氨中硫

炼油过程中产生大量的污水 ,可用污水汽提的方法降低污水中硫和氨气的含量 ,在污水中通入蒸汽或用重沸而产生的蒸汽把硫化氢和氨气提出来 ,为了进一步回收硫化氢和氨气 ,需要对氨气中硫进行测定。用乙酸锌沉淀硫离子 ,再酸化硫化锌 ,释放出的硫化氢被过量的碘氧化 ,以硫代硫酸钠标准溶液滴定剩余碘来计算试样中硫[1] ,试验表明 ,本法操作简便 ,结果准确。1　试验部分1.1　主要试剂氢氧化钠溶液 :0 .2 5ｍｏｌ·Ｌ- 1异丙醇 氨水 :10 0 + 7乙酸锌溶液 :10 0ｇ·Ｌ- 1碘溶液 :0 .0 1ｍｏｌ·Ｌ- 1,称取碘化钾 13ｇ于5 0 0ｍｌ烧杯中 ,加入蒸…     

高钒试样中钙镁的快速连续测定

高钒试样中钙的测定是在一定酸度条件下 ,在氯化铵存在下用草酸铵沉淀钙而与钒分离 ,然后用硫酸溶解 ,再用高锰酸钾标准溶液滴定 [1] 或将草酸钙灼烧为氧化钙后用 EDTA络合滴定 [2 ]。这些方法分析流程长 ,操作复杂 ,并且对高含量镁的测定均没有详细报道。本文提出了一种简便、快速测定高钒试样中高含量钙和镁的方法。在弱酸性时 ,以铝为载体 ,用铅盐分离钒酸根 ,六次甲基四胺 -铜试剂沉淀过量的 Pb( )、Al( )和干扰离子 ,于过滤后的同杯溶液中用 EDTA溶液滴定钙 ,用 Cy DTA溶液滴定镁。本文已用于大批量高钒试样中高含量钙和镁的测定…     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法间接测定盐酸苯海索

研究了等离子发射光谱法间接测定片剂中盐酸苯海索含量的方法。详细讨论了ICP AES测定硼的“记忆效应”及最佳测定条件。实验表明在pH 2 .0～ 6 .0范围内 ,当四苯硼钠过量时可完全沉淀盐酸苯海索 ,硝酸铝可以使沉淀迅速絮凝而易于过滤 ,测定滤液中的四苯硼钠可以计算得到盐酸苯海索的含量。该法简单快速 ,相对标准偏差为 2 1%。实验测得盐酸苯海索 四苯硼沉淀的溶度积Ksp在 2 0℃时为8 84× 10 -12     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

关于"对‘燃料电池物理及化学性能的有限时间热力学分析方法'的讨论”答复

把有限时间热力学理论用于化学过程的研究,将会得到一系列新的结论,开展这方面的研究是很有意义的.文献[1]以燃料电池为例,在同时考虑化学反应及传热不可逆性的情况下,研究了燃料电池的性能界限,文献[2]指出了文献[1]计算化学反应及传热不可逆性而引起系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的错误以及由此而导致的结论所存在的问题,并进行了富有启发性的分析与讨论.但文献[2]对于系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的计算也是不正确的,由此得到的其它结论自然不能成立.本文将就此情况下系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的计算再次进行讨论,并给出电池功率和效率的有限时间热力学性能界限.