多缝隙蝶形偶极子纳米天线的设计及吸收特性

针对单一结构纳米天线吸收率不高和波段较窄的缺点,结合多缝隙结构和蝶形偶极子,提出了一种多缝隙蝶形偶极子纳米天线。多缝隙蝶形偶极子是由Au纳米蝶形偶极子刻蚀多条缝隙构成的,该结构能同时实现尖端近场耦合、光栅耦合以及不同介质间的杂化耦合,这三种耦合的共同作用可以在宽波段内有效提高吸收率。采用时域有限差分方法分析了宽波段下该纳米天线的吸收性能,数值分析表明:在400～1800 nm波段,多缝隙蝶形偶极子纳米天线的吸收特性曲线出现多个吸收波峰,吸收峰值最高可达98.4%,平均吸收率为84.1%。该天线的吸收性能明显优于蝶形偶极子纳米天线,在不同偏振状态以及不同角度入射光下,该天线均能在宽波段内保持较好的吸收性能。     

银纳米圆盘光天线的远场方向性研究

采用时域有限差分方法计算了银纳米圆盘光天线模型的场分布,研究了光偶极天线的远场辐射特性随距离和厚度、半径变化的规律以及影响其远场方向性的因素.研究发现,偶极子垂直放置在银纳米圆盘下方一定距离时,银盘厚度和半径的改变均可使方向性图中出现新的辐射模式,同时方向性增益得到增强.通过对其近场的观察和分析可以得知,新的辐射模式的产生来源于高阶模式的局域表面等离激元.结果表明,背景材料为GaN时,产生高阶模式局域表面等离激元的合适条件为电偶极子距银盘底部40nm.另外,为了有效地支持高阶模式局域表面等离激元的形成,银盘厚度与半径最小分别为30nm和100nm.本文的研究对掌握纳米银盘结构的光天线特性及其在光器件中的运用有重要意义.     

银纳米圆盘光天线的远场方向性研究

采用时域有限差分方法计算了银纳米圆盘光天线模型的场分布,研究了光偶极天线的远场辐射特性随距离和厚度、半径变化的规律以及影响其远场方向性的因素. 研究发现,偶极子垂直放置在银纳米圆盘下方一定距离时,银盘厚度和半径的改变均可使方向性图中出现新的辐射模式,同时方向性增益得到增强.通过对其近场的观察和分析可以得知,新的辐射模式的产生来源于高阶模式的局域表面等离激元. 结果表明,背景材料为GaN时,产生高阶模式局域表面等离激元的合适条件为电偶极子距银盘底部40 nm. 另外,为了有效地支持高阶模式局域表面等离激元的形成,银盘厚度与半径最小分别为30 nm和100 nm. 本文的研究对掌握纳米银盘结构的光天线特性及其在光器件中的运用有重要意义.     

光偶极天线的远场方向性研究

用时域有限差分方法模拟了两种光偶极天线模型的场分布,研究了光偶极天线的远场辐射特性随其长度增加而变化的规律以及影响其远场方向性的因素,发现光偶极天线的远场方向性随其长度增加而变化的规律类似于经典对称振子天线的相应规律.但高阶局域表面等离激元模式的存在使得光偶极天线的远场辐射图更快地出现了旁瓣.这些发现对于提高光天线的性能具有重要意义. 关键词： 光偶极天线 局域表面等离激元 金纳米粒子 远场方向性     

超越SNOM探针通光孔径尺寸的金属纳米间隙超分辨测量

采用电磁场有限元方法,数值模拟了孔径型扫描近场光学显微镜(aperture Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy,a-SNOM)在照明模式下的工作过程.针对金偶极天线结构,改变天线长度和纳米间隙尺寸,计算了a-SNOM探针孔径的远场辐射速率随探针端面中心坐标变化的扫描曲线,实现了超越a-SNOM探针通光孔径尺寸的天线金属纳米间隙的超分辨测量,对于100nm通光孔径的探针,可分辨最小尺寸为10nm(0.016倍波长)的金属间隙.通过对比金属和介质偶极天线的a-SNOM探针远场辐射速率测量的计算结果,表明天线金属纳米间隙的超分辨测量的实现是由于金属间隙表面等离激元的激发.     

金属基底上光学偶极纳米天线的自发辐射宽带增强:表面等离激元直观模型

本文提出一种具有宽波段自发辐射增强性能的金属基底上光学偶极纳米天线,实现的总辐射速率与远场辐射速率增强因子分别达到5454和1041,在近红外波段,自发辐射增强(Purcell因子超过1000)波长范围达到260 nm,并且能够实现远场定向辐射.为了阐明天线性能背后的物理机制,本文考虑天线臂上表面等离激元激发和多重散射的直观物理过程,基于Maxwell方程组第一性原理,建立了一个半解析模型,能够全面复现天线的辐射特性,包括总辐射速率、远场辐射速率、远场辐射方向图等.该模型提供了一个直观的物理图像,即在模型导出的两个相位匹配条件下,表面等离激元在天线臂上形成了一对Fabry-Perot共振获得增强,然后传播到纳米间隙内点辐射源位置和散射到自由空间,由此分别提高了总辐射速率和远场辐射速率.并且,这一对Fabry-Perot共振产生了一对相互靠近的谐振峰,由此形成了宽波段自发辐射增强.本文提出的偶极纳米天线可以应用于荧光增强、拉曼散射增强及高速、高亮度纳米光源等领域,所提出的模型可用于光学天线的物理理解和直观设计.     

短螺旋-圆锥喇叭天线设计与分析

分析设计了一种适用于高功率阵列天线辐射单元的短螺旋-圆锥喇叭天线.数值模拟分析了不同单元间距下的短螺旋-圆锥喇叭天线的互耦大小,并与短螺旋天线的互耦大小进行比较,结果表明:当单元间距等于0.9λ时,短螺旋-圆锥喇叭天线的互耦与短螺旋天线相当;当单元间距小于0.9γ时,短螺旋-圆锥喇叭天线的互耦比短螺旋天线略大;而当单元...     

球形粒子的近场辐射换热研究

近场辐射引起的能量交换可以比远场辐射高若干个数量级.本文计算了SiC和Cu两种球形颗粒的近场辐射换热,发现当颗粒间距非常小时,辐射换热会大大强化.颗粒直径、颗粒间距以及颗粒的介电常数是决定近场辐射换热大小的重要因素,而颗粒温度对近场辐射换热的影响较小.     

宽波段纳米超材料太阳能吸收器的设计及其吸收特性

在纳米偶极子等效电路的基础上,结合多层波导与谐振腔结构,设计了一种高吸收率、宽波段的纳米超材料太阳能吸收器。该吸收器的单元结构是由双六边形超材料纳米柱与Si圆环柱组成,其中Si圆环中镶嵌了8个微型Au纳米圆柱。采用时域有限差分方法分析了纳米超材料吸收器在宽波段、不同偏振状态的入射光以及大角度入射光下的吸收特性。数值分析表明,该吸收器的吸收波段主要集中在400~1500nm,其平均吸收率可以达到94%。不同偏振状态的入射光对吸收器的吸收率影响较小,且在±60°大入射角度时该吸收器的平均吸收率仍可达到90%。该吸收器宽波段的高吸收率是由慢波效应与局域表面等离子体共振的共同作用引起的。     

V型纳米金球阵列天线侧向散射方向性的数值模拟

纳米天线侧向散射的方向性在生物感测以及表面增强光谱学等领域都有重要研究价值。侧向散射方向性的产生需要破坏纳米天线相对于平面波极化方向的镜像对称,由纳米粒子阵列构成的纳米天线排列灵活,易于实现非镜像对称结构。采用T-matrix方法对V型纳米金球阵列天线进行数值模拟,研究了其侧向散射的方向性,分别讨论了不同阵元数目构成的不同臂长、不同臂间开角、不同球形阵元半径、不同阵元球心间距对V型天线侧向散射方向性的影响。研究表明V型纳米阵列天线具有侧向散射方向性的可调性。     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.