靶丸内表面轮廓的白光共焦光谱测量技术

靶丸内表面轮廓是激光核聚变靶丸的关键参数,需要精密检测。本文首先分析了基于白光共焦光谱和精密气浮轴系的靶丸内表面轮廓测量基本原理,建立了靶丸内表面轮廓的白光共焦光谱测量方法。此外,搭建了靶丸内表面轮廓测量实验装置,建立了基于靶丸光学图像的辅助调心方法,实现了靶丸内表面轮廓的精密测量,获得了准确的靶丸内表面轮廓曲线;最后,对测量结果的可靠性进行了实验验证和不确定度分析,结果表明,白光共焦光谱能实现靶丸内表面低阶轮廓的精密测量,其测量不确定度优于0.1μm。     

双目立体视觉测距系统误差模型的研究

针对双目立体视觉测距中产生误差的问题,分析了系统中的各个参量,并建立了双目立体视觉测距系统的误差模型。得出引起测量系统误差最大的两个参量是CCD摄像头的对准程度和测量的距离;在视场中心的距离测量精度低,边缘测量精度高,在视场中心的水平和纵向的测量精度却远高于在边缘的测量精度两个结论。基于本文建立的误差模型可以指导适用于具体应用场合的双目立体视觉测距系统的设计。     

参量共振单摆的理论与实验研究

为了将参量共振引入基础物理实验教学,搭建了参量驱动单摆实验系统,并从理论和实验上研究了平衡点附近的运动.理论上,利用微扰方法计算了轨道的一般形式,在此基础上确定了参量共振带的边界,并得到了轨道特征量与驱动参量(频率与幅度)的依赖关系.实验上,利用2个一维激光位移传感器组装成二维位移传感器,实现了单摆轨迹的实时测量.在参量共振带内,测量了不同驱动频率下的轨道发散指数和振子-驱动相位差;在参量共振带的中心,测量了发散指数与驱动幅度之间的关系;在参量共振带的外边缘,测量了轨道包络的拍频和调制深度与驱动频率的关系.所有测量结果都与一阶微扰计算符合良好.     

光学测试 非光学量测试与设备

P225.2 2006032608双目立体视觉测距系统误差模型的研究=Research of er-ror-model on two eyes stereoscopic measurement system[刊,中]/李海滨(燕山大学电气学院.湖北,秦皇岛(066004)) ,单文军…∥光学技术.—2006 , 32(1) .—24-26 ,30针对双目立体视觉测距中产生误差的问题,分析了系统中的各个参量,并建立了双目立体视觉测距系统的误差模型。得出引起测量系统误差最大的两个参量是CCD摄像头的对准程度和测量的距离;在视场中心的距离测量精度低,边缘测量精度高,在视场中心的水平和纵向的测量精度却远高于在边缘的测量精度两个结论。基…     

一种相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法

对相位调制拍频信号随信号光频率变化规律进行分析,发现拍频信号相位参量的频谱包含两个在值域上彼此分开的单调边缘,表明利用拍频信号的相位参量可以进行多普勒频移测量.如果利用拍频信号振幅参量对出射激光进行工作点锁定,其多普勒频移测量范围是Fabry-Perot干涉仪边缘技术的两倍.理论分析拍频信号振幅和相位参量的提取方法,表明基于此拍频信号相位参量的测量方法无需进行信号光能量检测,与Fabry-Perot边缘技术方法相比,结构更简单,且少了一条外部噪音混入的通道.为了对该多普勒频移测量方法定量分析和参量优化,利用误差合成原理以及计算机仿真,推导出其测量误差公式.根据测量原理搭建了实验系统,用频率可调光纤激光器的输出光模拟多普勒频移信号光进行测量,结果表明鉴频参量及其误差分布曲线的测量结果与理论分析相符合.     

玻璃微珠球度自动测试

将现代光学测试技术、计算机技术和光电子技术相结合, 研究了基于面阵CCD,成像物镜和微机的微小尺寸检测系统, 实现了二维尺寸的高精度、非接触、实时自动检测。系统结构简单, 易于操作, 对环境要求宽松。为实现二维尺寸的非接触自动检测, 需要获得被测工件的边缘轮廓参数。解决了非线性平滑、阈值确定和边缘提取等关键技术, 利用边缘轮廓跟踪的方法获取工件的边缘轮廓图像, 系统可精确地确定工件的边缘轮廓曲线。作为实例对微米级玻璃珠的球度进行了测试。该测试系统为非接触式测量, 克服了传统测试方法一些固有的缺点, 不会对工件造成永久性损伤。实验表明该系统测量范围大, 绝对精度达到3.0 μm, 重复性好。     

纠缠光子对的级联Hong-Ou-Mandel干涉研究及其在多时延参数测量中的应用

基于纠缠光子对的Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM)干涉仪在量子精密测量等领域有着重要应用.本文提出了利用一个级联HOM干涉仪实现多个独立时延参数的同时测量方案.通过理论分析得出纠缠光子对经过多个50:50分束器级联传输后,其HOM二阶量子干涉图谱中凹陷位置与各级传输路径间独立时延参数的对应关系,因此可通过记录各个凹陷位置的时延值实现多个独立时延参数的同时测量.在此基础上搭建了基于频率一致纠缠光子对的二级级联HOM干涉测量装置,通过实验上得到的具有两个对称凹陷的二阶量子干涉图谱,实现了两级传输路径间两个独立时延参数τ₁和τ₂的同时测量,并分别获得了 109 fs和98 fs的测量精度.上述研究结果为HOM干涉仪在多参量量子精密测量系统中的扩展应用奠定基础.     

一种大视场相位测量轮廓术系统标定方法

在进行大视场相位测量轮廓术系统参量标定时需要大的标定平面和精密移动台,由于携带不方便,不易进行现场标定。提出了一种用于相位测量轮廓术系统参量的高精度、现场标定方法,采用一块较小的平面标定靶在有效测量体积内不同位置多次摆放,以获取密集的数据点。先标定出摄像机的内参量和外参量,再指定一个全局参考平面和若干辅助参考平面,然后在图像平面上分区计算出每个位置标定靶上每点相对辅助参考平面的高度差和相位差,最后应用极大似然估计法估计出相位高度映射参量。实验中平面高度测量的标准偏差达到0.0433 mm。这种方法只需要较小的平面标定靶,标定过程方便、精度高,完全适合大视场三维测量相位测量轮廓术系统现场标定要求。     

交汇测量系统线阵相机标定方法

为了提高大靶面交汇测量系统的测量准确度,分析了交汇测量原理,推导出脱靶量坐标公式.根据脱靶量公式分析其各项参量,利用几何关系建立像元坐标与偏移角度之间的映射模型.根据映射模型,利用光栅尺设计了一种针对线阵相机的标定方法,该方法不考虑相机参量,将整个光学系统看作一个整体,基于整体参量直接对像元坐标和它所对应的偏移角进行标定.实验结果表明,标定后的交汇测量系统在1.4m处的平均测量误差为0.4mm,最大测量误差优于0.6mm.该方法简单高效,可提高系统标定的速度,且标定误差满足系统交汇测量准确度的要求.     

高灵敏度的量子迈克耳孙干涉仪

迈克耳孙干涉仪不仅可以用来研究物理学的基本问题,而且能够用于精密测量,比如引力波信号的测量.因此,构建高灵敏度的迈克耳孙干涉仪是实现微弱信号测量的关键.目前,人们利用压缩态可以降低迈克耳孙干涉仪的噪声;通过光学四波混频过程能够放大马赫·曾德尔干涉仪中的相位信号,从而提高干涉仪的信噪比和灵敏度.本文研究了一种用于高灵敏度相位测量的量子迈克耳孙干涉仪.在迈克耳孙干涉仪中,利用非简并光学参量放大器取代干涉仪中的线性光学分束器;并且将压缩态注入干涉仪的真空通道,可以得到高信噪比和高灵敏度的干涉仪.由于存在不可避免的光学损耗,分析了迈克耳孙干涉仪内部和外部的损耗对相位测量灵敏度的影响.通过理论计算研究了干涉仪的相位测量灵敏度随系统参数的变化关系,得到了高灵敏度的相位测量量子迈克耳孙干涉仪的实现条件,为用于精密测量的干涉仪的设计提供了直接参考.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.