基于金属光栅的氨基酸溶液太赫兹光谱检测（英文）

基于太赫兹金属光栅谐振传输现象,利用金属光栅表面等离子体共振对周围介质敏感的特性,设计了一种由金属光栅、样品池和高阻硅基底组成的免标记生物传感器.利用这种传感器在太赫兹时域光谱下测量了苏氨酸和精氨酸溶液的太赫兹透射光谱.结果表明:苏氨酸和精氨酸的共振频率随着溶液浓度改变在0.6~0.75THz之间出现频移,并且苏氨酸和精氨酸的混合样品的光谱并不是两者光谱的线性叠加.     

苏氨酸不同分子构型太赫兹吸收峰的量子化学指认

与红外、紫外和拉曼光谱相比,太赫兹光谱能量低,在待测物质中不会出现有害光致电离现象,伴随太赫兹技术的不断成熟,太赫兹波已经成为常用的无损检测用波。很多生物大分子在高频光波探测下具有指纹性,太赫兹时域光谱技术是对生物大分子无损检测的最佳手段。同时,不同生物分子在太赫兹吸收谱中呈现出各不相同的吸收峰,获得待测物质的太赫兹吸收谱后,与标准谱进行对照可以为待测物质做出定性辨识。在此基础上,结合最小二乘法、支持向量机等数据处理技术还可以实现基于太赫兹时域光谱对待测物质的定量分析。量子化学分析方法应用了量子力学的基本原理和方法,其中电子分析理论从电子角度出发,在分析大分子或原子个数众多的体系时近似误差较小,并且密度泛函理论不依赖实验数据和先验知识的支撑。通过量子化学计算方法计算氨基酸分子的太赫兹吸收谱,可以为氨基酸分子的太赫兹吸收峰匹配分子振动模式,对氨基酸定性分析有一定的参考性,并为实验获取的样品太赫兹时域光谱提供理论支撑,在实验获得太赫兹吸收谱的基础上进行量子化学计算,能验证实验结果的准确性。首先利用太赫兹时域光谱系统获取进口苏氨酸样品的太赫兹吸收谱,其次分别构建苏氨酸样品在实物中以两性离子形式存在的单分子、二聚体和晶胞三种构型,并利用量子化学计算方法完成了每种构型的结构优化,最后计算三种苏氨酸分子构型的太赫兹吸收谱。结果表明,单分子构型和二聚体构型的太赫兹计算谱与实验谱差异较大,但在高频段计算谱与实验谱的吸收峰峰位基本吻合,而较为全面反映分子间氢键及范德华力作用的晶胞构型计算谱与实验谱则较为吻合。同时表明,与样品结构较为一致的、保持苏氨酸物理性质的最小结构为晶胞。     

小波变换在太赫兹时域光谱分析中的应用

随着超快激光技术的发展及其人们对太赫兹(THz)电磁波波段与脉冲光源认识的进一步深入,太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)技术作为一种新的、快速发展的光谱分析方法在许多领域备受关注。利用太赫兹时域光谱技术在空气环境下测量样品时,样品的太赫兹光谱会因空气中水蒸气的影响而出现振荡现象。文章利用太赫兹时域光谱分析技术分别在氮气和空气环境下测量了七种样品在0.2～1.9太赫兹波段的光谱,并以氮气环境下的太赫兹光谱为参考,利用小波变换对空气环境下测量的数据进行了处理,消除了太赫兹光谱中水蒸气吸收造成的影响,实验结果证明了该方法的可行性,在此基础上,还对其中四种样品做了成像和识别,并得到了较好的结果。     

基于衰减全反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术的食用油光谱特性研究

食用油是人类营养和能量的重要来源,为人体提供必需的脂肪酸,研究食用油在太赫兹波段光学特性,对食用油成分分析及品质评价具有重要价值。衰减全反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术是一种新型的太赫兹时域光谱技术,通过样品与倏逝波的相互作用,获取样品的太赫兹光谱。与透射式或反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术相比,该技术能有效地避免测量食用油等液体样品时样品池对光学参数的影响,并能获得样品的精确光学参数。分别利用透射式太赫兹时域光谱技术和衰减全反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术测量了大豆油的吸收光谱。结果表明,与透射式太赫兹时域光谱技术相比,衰减全反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术能更有效地提取大豆油的吸收系数、吸收峰分布等光学特性。进一步利用衰减全反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术研究了大豆油、核桃油、葡萄籽油在太赫兹波段的光学特性,获得了三种食用油在1~1.8 THz范围内的折射率谱和吸收光谱。利用密度泛函理论计算了食用油中四种主要成分(软脂酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸)在太赫兹波段的振动、转动模式,理论计算结果同实验测量结果吻合较好。研究表明,在太赫兹波段食用油的吸收峰与所含脂肪酸分子种类与含量有关,其主要来源为脂肪酸分子的低频振动和转动。研究成果对食用油成分定性定量分析及品质检测等具有指导意义。     

太赫兹波段表面等离子体波传播距离的调控

设计刻槽深度渐变的金属光栅,利用截止频率控制太赫兹表面波的传播距离.金属光栅刻槽深度在60μm时的截止频率为0.6THz,120μm时的截止频率为1.1THz.同时根据半导体材料InSb在太赫兹波段的色散特性、载流子浓度和迁移率的经验公式、光栅结构的等效介质理论设计了温控的半导体光栅.在270~300K温度范围内,半导体光栅中表面波的传播距离和温度成正比,300K时传播距离为270K时的2~3倍.     

基于微流控芯片的电解质溶液太赫兹吸收特性研究

由于许多生物分子的振动和转动能级均在太赫兹波段,且太赫兹波具有电子能量低（约4 meV）,不会破坏待测样品的特性,因此可以采用太赫兹光谱技术检测生物样品。然而许多生物分子在液体环境中才能保持其生物活性,需要在盐溶液中来探究酸碱环境对其的影响,以及在盐类缓冲液中研究其生物特性。但水作为极性液体对太赫兹波有强烈的吸收,因此,探究如何减少水对太赫兹吸收的方法非常必要。水对太赫兹的吸收主要因水分子间氢键造成,现阶段最常见的方法是减少水与太赫兹波的作用距离以及破坏水分子间的氢键。利用夹心式微流控芯片在太赫兹时域光谱系统下通过观察光谱强度变化来探究电解质对水分子间氢键的影响,既减少了水和太赫兹波的作用距离,又探究了电解质对水分子间氢键的作用。在微流控芯片中分别加入不同种类以及不同浓度的电解质,通过观察其在0.1～1.0 THz范围内的光谱强度变化来分析不同电解质对水分子间氢键的影响。部分电解质促进氢键的缔合,而另一部分则破坏氢键的形成,在太赫兹光谱范围内表现为光谱强度的变化。若促进氢键的缔合则对太赫兹吸收变大,光谱强度减弱;若破坏氢键的缔合则对太赫兹吸收减弱,光谱强度增加。研究结果发现：在水中加入KCl和KBr时,太赫兹光谱强度增加,表明二者对氢键有破坏作用,使得光谱强度变大;然而当加入MgCl₂和CaCl₂时,太赫兹光谱强度减弱,表明二者对氢键有缔合作用,从而使光谱强度变小。利用太赫兹技术在0.1～1.0 THz范围内研究KCl,KBr,MgCl₂和CaCl₂这四种不同浓度的电解质溶液特性,发现它们只会对光谱强度造成一定影响,不会引入新的特征吸收峰以及对待测样品造成干扰。这对于研究诸如大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌等在0.1～1.0 THz范围内有特征吸收谱的生物分子具有一定的实用价值。在溶液中加入所需的电解质并借助微流控芯片不仅可以识别待测样品、研究待测样品的光谱信息、探究其生物特性,而且为进一步推动太赫兹技术在生化方面的应用研究提供了先决条件。     

基底对亚波长金属双环结构太赫兹透射性质的影响

太赫兹波通过人工金属亚波长结构开口共振环(SRRs)可以产生共振吸收, 目前普遍采用LC振荡电路和线性振子模型来解释. 利用太赫兹时域光谱系统测得并无开口的亚波长金属双环和反双环结构阵列透射的太赫兹波, 结果仍然观察到在太赫兹透射谱中存在吸收峰. 分析得出此吸收峰的出现可以用线性振子模型解释. 此外, 研究发现若将此结构制作到石英基底上, 当以样品表面法线方向为轴旋转样品时其太赫兹透射时域波形和频谱均会随旋转角度出现明显的周期性变化, 而以硅为基底并不出现此现象. 本文将其原因归结为石英基底的双折射效应对亚波长金属双环结构太赫兹透射性质的影响. 本文主要目的是分析造成这种影响的物理过程.     

一种基于小波变换的太赫兹时域光谱分析方法

传统太赫兹光谱傅里叶分析法要求必须先测量出无样品时的THz信号作为参考信号,对测量环境要求高,提出了一种基于小波变换的太赫兹时域光谱信号处理方法,以简化太赫兹光谱测量的步骤.对空气中直接测得的样品光谱信号进行去噪预处理,然后利用Coiflets正交小波基进行多尺度下的小波分解,进而计算出各样品不同尺度下的小波多分辨信息熵,得到表征样品的特征信息.实验结果表明,在太赫兹频段,不同样品的小波多分辨信息熵值差异显著,同一样品则保持稳定;不同湿度下光谱信号的小波熵值重复性好,平均偏差小于0.05.     

基于微流控芯片的钾盐溶液太赫兹光谱特性研究

许多生物分子的振动及转动能级都在太赫兹波段,因此太赫兹时域光谱技术可以用来探测生物分子。并且由于太赫兹波的光子能量较低,仅为毫电子伏量级,在探测过程中不会破坏生物样品,所以太赫兹时域光谱技术在未来生化检测等研究领域具有非常广泛的应用前景。研究表明,大多数生物分子需要在液体环境中才能充分发挥其生物活性,然而水溶液中的氢键在太赫兹波段会产生强烈的吸收。另外,水分子是极性分子,太赫兹波对极性分子也有很强的共振吸收,这使得利用太赫兹时域光谱技术检测液体环境中的活性生物分子非常困难。因此,许多研究团队将太赫兹时域光谱技术与微流控技术相结合,以减少各种因素对生物分子检测的影响。微流控技术是通过减小微流控芯片中液体池的深度来减少液体样品与太赫兹波的作用距离,从而减少水溶液对太赫兹波的吸收。使用对太赫兹波的透过率高达95%的环烯烃共聚物(COC:Zeonor 1420R)为材料制作了双层微流控芯片,该微流控芯片内部液体池的长度和宽度均为4 cm,深度为50μm。此外,由于在电解质溶液中存在大量自由移动的阴阳离子,所以为了探究电解质溶液中自由移动的阴阳离子对太赫兹透射特性的影响,使用外加电场装置对注入液...     

太赫兹量子阱光电探测器光栅耦合的模拟与优化

光栅耦合是量子阱光电探测器探测正入射电磁辐射的常用耦合方法,本文采用模式展开法研究了一维金属光栅太赫兹量子阱光电探测器中的电磁场分布,并给出了器件有源区中的平均光强.研究结果表明,若一维光栅的周期与太赫兹波在器件材料中的波长相当,并且根据器件结构选取合理的光栅占空比,可使器件中的平均光场最强,光栅的光耦合效率最高,从而提高器件的响应率. 关键词： 太赫兹 量子阱光电探测器 光栅     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.