基于自由曲面的紧凑型宽波段成像光谱仪设计

针对基于传统光学元件的成像光谱仪,在实现大视场与宽波段的同时难以满足结构紧凑的问题,在Offner成像光谱仪的第三反射镜引入圆锥曲面叠加条纹泽尼克多项式表征的自由曲面。基于矢量像差理论,分析了四阶以下的泽尼克多项式在系统中引入的像散与系统视场、波长的关系,通过选取合理的多项式叠加到圆锥曲面,设计了一款工作于可见光到短波红外波段（400～2500 nm）、体积仅42 mm×82 mm×100 mm的成像光谱仪。系统实现了双波段探测,来自两个不同宽度狭缝的光线经光栅分光后,通过分束器将工作波段分为可见近红外（400～1000 nm）和短波红外（1000～2500 nm）,优化设计结果表明,光谱分辨率分别为2.8 nm和4 nm,成像质量良好,为实现宽波段紧凑型成像光谱仪的设计提供了理论参考。     

基于离轴三反光学系统的高分辨率中阶梯光栅光谱仪

基于离轴三反光学系统和多列线阵探测器,设计了一种具有宽波段高光谱分辨率的中阶梯光栅光谱仪.首先,以仪器性能指标为约束优化中阶梯光栅的结构参数,使光栅在保证高色散的同时将宽工作波段折叠重合在较小的光谱级次内,并采用多列线阵探测器采集信号.然后,以离轴三反光学系统作为会聚镜,以离轴抛物镜作为准直镜,实现了高色散宽自由光谱的像差校正.最终,设计的中阶梯光栅光谱仪工作波段为400～900 nm,F数为4.5,光谱分辨率在402.31,541.82,870.48 nm时分别为0.003,0.004,0.005 nm,系统体积为380 mm×325 mm×230 mm.     

超短脉冲激光瞄准装置光学系统设计

为了提高超短脉冲激光的瞄准精度,基于自准直原理提出瞄准装置光学系统。以670 nm光纤耦合激光器为光源,设计指示光准直、扩束光学系统,准直光的不平行度达到3.2,设计焦距为350 mm,相对孔径1/5,离轴量50 mm的主激光离轴抛物面镜,其成像质量达到衍射极限,基于准直束光学系统和离轴抛物面镜,设计可适应670 nm和800 nm两种波长的20和100的瞄准和监测成像光学系统。提出一种小孔准直的安装调试方法,以指示光进行实验验证,结果表明:设计的光学系统成像光斑均匀,其物方分辨率达到4.1 m。     

小型高光谱分辨率光栅单色仪的研制

单色仪是成像光谱仪进行光谱连续定标的必备设备,为了对高光谱成像光谱仪进行连续光谱定标,设计了一种轻小型高光谱分辨率的光栅单色仪。采用水平式Czerny-Turner光路结构,以高光谱分辨率为出发点,通过推导计算,从光栅选型、焦距计算、狭缝尺寸的确定等方面详细论述了光栅单色仪的设计思路,给出仪器的重要必要结构参数,并论述了这些结构参数对仪器光谱分辨率和体积的影响。根据光栅单色仪的光路特点,对入射狭缝组件、准直物镜组件和成像物镜组件、扫描结构、机身等进行轻小型机械结构设计,并给出正弦杆扫描机构的结构参数与仪器输出波长和波长扫描精度的数学关系,完成了仪器的整体结构设计和装调。应用汞灯可见光光谱进行波长定标,采用最小二乘法得到定标曲线,并提出步进数极限误差与定标曲线相结合的方法,求得仪器的波长重复性和波长准确度;仪器在400~800 nm波长范围内,光谱分辨率优于0.1 nm,波长重复性达±0.096 6 nm,波长准确度达±0.096 9 nm。     

星载宽视场差分吸收成像光谱仪光学设计

研究星载宽视场差分吸收成像光谱仪已成为空间大气遥感领域的迫切需求,根据宽覆盖轻小型星载大气痕量气体差分吸收成像光谱仪的研究目标,采用偏轴两镜系统和中继系统匹配的结构型式设计出无遮拦宽视场望远系统,将宽视场望远系统和Offner光谱成像系统匹配,设计了一个视场60°×0.24°、相对孔径1/3、工作波段280~450 nm的星载宽视场差分吸收成像光谱仪光学系统,利用光学设计软件Zemax-EE进行了光线追迹和优化设计,光谱成像系统不同波长的点列图半径的均方根(RMS)值均小于5 mm,光谱分辨率0.692 nm,满足不大于1 nm的指标要求,差分吸收成像光谱仪全系统在空间方向各波长在特征频率处的光学传递函数均达到0.67以上,完全满足成像质量要求,适合空间大气遥感应用。     

空心阴极元素灯光谱的空间分布测量方法

提出利用成像光谱仪研究空心阴极元素灯光谱空间分布的检测方法。自制了基于Offner成像系统的推扫式凸面光栅成像光谱仪,覆盖波长范围400~1 000 nm,视场角22°,光谱分辨率2~3 nm;利用该光谱仪第一次得到得到Hg元素灯光谱的空间分布,给出了不同波长下的空间图像和不同空间位置的光谱分布信息,具有较高的空间分辨率和光谱分辨率;并同时获取了不同工作电流条件下的元素灯高光谱数据,对比分析了处于不同工作状态下光谱空间分布的差异。这为空心阴极元素灯光谱的空间分布等性能研究提供了一个很好的工具,相关方法也可以用来研究其他类型的光源。     

PGP成像光谱仪的全视场自动化光谱定标方法

为了对PGP成像光谱仪所获得的光谱数据进行定量化分析,需对PGP成像光谱仪进行光谱定标,以获得各光谱通道的中心波长、光谱分辨率及成像光谱仪的光谱弯曲等光谱特性信息。采用单色准直光法设计了一套全视场自动化的光谱定标系统,系统中引入球面镜为待测的成像光谱仪光谱定标提供准直光,通过可自动控制的折转镜改变定标入射光线的入射角,以此实现待测成像光谱仪空间维不同视场的自动化光谱定标。运用该定标系统对PGP成像光谱仪进行光谱定标实验,得到该成像光谱仪的光谱性能参数,并结合定标系统的结构特点,对实验的结果进行了精度分析。实验分析结果表明该系统对PGP成像光谱仪的中心波长定标精度达到0.1 nm,光谱分辨率定标精度达到1.3%。该研究设计的全视场自动化光谱定标系统具有结构新颖紧凑、通用性较强、光谱定标精度较高等特点,且由于自动化的控制,避免了由于人为参与定标过程所带来的额外误差。该系统可用于实现PGP成像光谱仪及其他同类型成像光谱仪的光谱定标。     

双光栅实现半导体激光阵列波长组束

在波长光束组合基础上,用一个光栅和一个准直透镜代替传输透镜,可以有效地减小单个发光单元光束质量的退化,明显地克服相邻发光单元的反馈串扰,实现了较窄线宽的光谱组束输出。采用标准的半导体激光阵列,连续输出激光功率44.8 W,电光转换效率最高38.9%,光谱线宽为4.1nm。光束慢轴方向光束质量因子为11.7,快轴方向光束质量因子为1.37,快慢轴两个方向都接近单个发光单元光束质量。     

宽谱段高分辨扫描光谱定标技术

为了满足原子发射光谱仪在紫外至近红外宽谱段范围内的高光谱分辨率快速检测需求,采用精密角位移平台直接驱动光栅,配合面阵探测器,实现高精度光谱分段快速扫描探测。但在扫描过程中,探测器像元波长增量与光栅转角呈非线性关系,且不同像元的波长增量不同,这对该光谱仪波长定标造成障碍。为校正光栅色散的非线性,基于光栅方程精确计算光栅转角与探测器首尾两端像元波长的映射关系,针对同一光栅转角,探测器其余像元波长利用首尾像元波长按照局部线性色散规律计算得到,从而完成全谱段光谱定标。依据定标所得转角与探测波段对应关系依次驱动光栅转动,实现宽谱段范围内的分段高精度光谱快速扫描探测。利用汞灯光源对该定标方法的波长检测精度进行检验,在200~800 nm的宽谱段范围内,波长准确度优于0.018 nm,波长重复性优于0.001 nm。     

基于表面微结构的超薄背光模组透镜设计

根据全反射原理设计了一款基于表面微结构的超薄透镜，由自由曲面将光源出射的光线进行准直，随后利用微米级表面微结构将准直光线反射到底部，再配合底部的反射膜将光线进行二次反射，从而能够在较小的混光距离（OD）下有效增大光斑尺寸。利用边缘光线原理，改善了扩展光源下光线经自由曲面后准直性劣化问题。仿真结果表明，该透镜应用于超薄背光模组时，能够在OD为3 mm、距离-高度比（DHR）为15 mm的3×3阵列下获得82%的均匀性，相比传统双自由曲面透镜均匀性提升40.7%。该透镜设计方法简单，避免了双自由曲面透镜尺寸较小时加工误差的影响，无需后期大量复杂的优化工作，具有较大的实际应用价值。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.