毛细管电泳手性拆分喹诺酮类药物对映体

采用毛细管电泳法,以铜(Ⅱ)-L-异白氨酸为手性拆分剂,同时分离了氧氟沙星、洛美沙星、司帕沙星和加替沙星四种喹诺酮类药物对映体.考察了手性拆分剂的种类、配比和浓度,缓冲溶液的种类、浓度和pH值,有机添加剂的种类和用量,分离电压等试验条件对分离效果的影响.含8 mmol·L-1L-异白氨酸和4 mmol·L-1硫酸铜的pH 8.5的30 mmol·L-1硼酸钠-盐酸缓冲溶液中,氧氟沙星和加替沙星对映体实现分离;在含20 mmol·L-1 L-异白氨酸,10 mmol·L-1硫酸铜和乙腈(5+95)的pH 9.0的20 mmol·L-1的Tris-硼酸钠缓冲溶液中,司帕沙星、洛美沙星和加替沙星对映体同时实现完全分离.     

Chiralcel OD-RH手性柱拆分卡维地洛对映体

采用Ch iralcelOD-RH(纤维素3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)手性固定相高效液相色谱法研究了乙腈-高氯酸钠缓冲盐体系对卡维地洛的手性拆分情况,讨论了流动相的各个因素(有机相的种类和比例、缓冲盐浓度、酸度等)对手性拆分的影响。在乙腈-高氯酸钠缓冲盐(pH 5.5,50 mmol/L)的体积比为35∶65的色谱条件下,卡维地洛对映体获得了基线分离。     

扁桃酸甲酯对映体的毛细管电泳手性拆分

采用β-环糊精及其衍生物作为手性选择剂，对扁桃酸甲酯对映体进行毛细管电泳分离，考察了不同环糊精种类和浓度、背景电解质类型及pH对分离效果的影响；实验结果表明，pH6．0、50g／L磺酸化环糊精(Su-β-CD)、20mmol/L Tris的磷酸缓冲液，可以使扁桃酸甲酯对映体得到基线分离。     

阿苯达唑亚砜对映异构体的高效毛细管电泳手性拆分

建立了高效毛细管电泳拆分阿苯达唑亚砜对映体的方法，考察了背景电解质pH、环糊精种类和浓度，有机改性剂种类和浓度对分离的影响，对分离条件进行了优化。实验结果表明：在含36g/L磺化β－环糊精和10％甲醇的20mmol/L Tris-H3PO4(pH2.5）缓冲体系中，阿苯达唑亚砜对映体具有良好的分离效果。     

手性流动相HPLC法拆分对羟基苯甘氨酸对映体的研究

将β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精作为手性流动相添加剂,系统地研究了D,L对羟基苯甘氨酸在RP-HPLC系统中的拆分。分别考察了手性流动相的种类,手性试剂β-环糊精的浓度,流动相的pH,修饰剂的种类及浓度,色谱柱温度等对拆分效果的影响,以-βCD为手性流动相添加剂,建立了-βCD手性流动相分离对羟基苯甘氨酸对映体的方法。结果表明:用ODS柱(250 mm×4.6 mmi.d.),以V(甲醇-β环糊精)∶V(pH 4.5磷酸盐缓冲液)=30∶70为流动相,流速0.2 mL/min,柱温25℃,检测波长为230 nm时对羟基苯甘氨酸对映体得到了良好的基线分离,分离度可达1.71。     

手性整体柱毛细管电色谱法拆分溴氰菊酯对映体

采用一步键合法制备了烯丙基-β-环糊精手性整体柱,将其作为毛细管分离柱,用毛细管电色谱法对溴氰菊酯的对映体进行手性拆分。在优化的试验条件下,乙腈与pH 6.5的5 mmol·L-1磷酸二氢钠溶液以体积比40比60组成的混合溶液作为流动相,运行电压为10 kV,毛细管柱温为20℃,溴氰菊酯的4对对映体在10 min内成功分离。     

禾草灵对映异构体在高效液相色谱手性固定相上的拆分

合成了手性纤维素-三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)(CTMB)，并涂敷于氨丙基硅胶上，制备成手性固定相(CSP)；用高效液相色谱法在该手性固定相上对农药禾草灵外消旋体进行了拆分；考察了流动相组成、温度、醇效应对禾草灵对映体拆分及保留的影响，由实验结果对禾草灵对映体之间的-(ΔG^￠)π,s、（ΔH^￠）π,s、（ΔS^￠）π,s进行了计算，并对其在柱上保留机理进行了讨论。     

农药甲霜林对映体的高效液相色谱分离及手性拆分热力学研究

以正己烷/异丙醇为流动相，在纤维素-三（3，5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯）（CDMPC）涂敷型手性固定相上，对农药甲霜灵外消旋体进行了拆分，考察了流动相组成、柱温等对甲霜灵对映体的保留和分离的影响；对甲霜灵R、S对映体与固定相之间的保留和分离的热力学机理进行了讨论。     

农药甲霜灵对映体的高效液相色谱分离及手性拆分热力学研究

以正己烷 异丙醇为流动相 ,在纤维素 三 (3 ,5 二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯 ) (CDMPC)涂敷型手性固定相上 ,对农药甲霜灵外消旋体进行了拆分 ,考察了流动相组成、柱温等对甲霜灵对映体的保留和分离的影响 ;对甲霜灵R、S对映体与固定相之间的保留和分离的热力学机理进行了讨论     

C18柱串联冠醚手性柱高效分离3种芳香族氨基酸对映体

将C18柱与手性冠醚柱串联,建立了一种反相高效液相色谱法用于3种芳香族氨基酸对映体同时拆分的方法.考察了反相色谱流动相的组成、pH值、柱温、流速对对映体拆分的影响.实验结果表明,当流动相为HClO4-乙睛溶液(86:14,V/V,pH 2.0)、柱温20℃、流速0.4 mL/min时,3种氨基酸对映体可获得基线分离.进一步对比了C18柱、冠醚手性柱和串联顺序不同的4种分离模式,结果表明,C18柱不能拆分氨基酸对映体,仅能分离不同种类氨基酸;冠醚手性柱可分离氨基酸映体,但不同种类氨基酸色谱峰出现重叠;串联模式能实现3种氨基酸对映体的基线分离,实现双柱优势互补,而串联顺序对分离影响不大,仅影响色谱峰的峰形.     

烷基苯磺酸盐型表面活性剂的HPLC及HPCE分离分析进展*

作为一种常见的表面活性剂,烷基苯碘酸盐（ABS）被广泛用于许多领域。本文结合作者最近的研究结果,对烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的HPLC及HPCE分离分析现状及其应用前景进行了综述。     

Chiral HPLC Separation on Derivatized Cyclofructan Versus Cyclodextrin Stationary Phases

Cyclodextrins (CDs) and cyclofructans (CFs) are chiral cyclic oligosaccharides. While β-CD is composed of seven glucopyranose units forming rigid cavity, hydrophobic inside, CF6 and CF7, contain six and seven fructofuranose units, respectively, creating a polar crown ether core. These basic structures can be easily derivatized to form even more potential chiral selectors that enable enantioselective separation of various chiral compounds. Chiral stationary phases (CSPs) based on CFs and CDs that were derivatized with the same derivatization group, either dimethylphenyl or R-naphthylethyl, were compared. A set of analytes with different interaction possibilities was used for characterization of retention and enantioseparation abilities of these CSPs in normal separation mode of HPLC. The results showed that both cyclic oligosaccharide structure and derivatization group influenced the retention/separation behavior of analytes. Complementary enantioseparations were obtained for some analytes.     

低温条件对高效液相色谱手性拆分柱效和选择性的影响

本文研究了低温条件下温度对高效液相色谱手性拆分的影响。以消旋安息香为样品,以正己烷-乙醇(70∶30,V/V)为流动相,分别用粒径为3μm、5μm、10μm的Chiralcel OD手性柱,分别在-40℃、-25℃、-10℃、5℃、20℃、35℃柱温条件下,测定了不同流速下安息香手性拆分的保留时间和柱效。根据van Deemter方程对每个温度条件下的H-u关系图进行非线性拟合,得到A、B和C三个系数与温度的关系曲线。根据手性拆分的热力学关系式,在-40℃到35℃柱温范围内,考察各色谱柱对安息香分离的lnk2′-1/T、lnα-1/T的关系均为线性。结果显示,在整个实验温度范围内,安息香在Chiralcel OD手性柱的手性拆分机理不变,降低温度能提高手性分离的选择性,但是会降低通常流速下的柱效,从而影响分离度。随着温度的降低,各色谱柱得到的van Deemter方程中系数A基本不变,系数C随着温度降低逐渐升高。     

Separation of Enantiomers of Non-Protein Amino Acids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography on a Chiral Ligand-Exchange Column

The HPLC separation of enantiomers of underivatized non-protein amino acids was investigated by using a column packed with octadecylsilanized silica coated with N,S-dioctyl-D-penicillamine as a chiral ligand-exchange phase (Sumichiral OA-5000). Good enantiomeric separations were achieved with a variety of -amino acids carrying aliphatic or aromatic side chains, cyclic imino acids, and -amino acids, together with -methyl--amino acids, by optimizing the amount (0–20%, v/v) of 2-propanol as the organic component and the concentration (1–5 mM) of Cu²⁺ as the complexing metal ion in the aqueous-organic eluent.     

Chiral Separation of Racemates of Drugs and Amino Acid Derivatives by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography on a Norvancomycin-Bonded Chiral Stationary Phase

A novel norvancomycin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NVC-CSP) has been synthesized by use of the chiral selector norvancomycin, which differs from vancomycin because of the presence of leucine rather N-methylleucine. The enantiomers of some neutral and basic chiral drugs, for example warfarin, benzoin, bendroflumethiazide, and praziquantel, were directly separated by high-performance liquid chromatography in the reversed-phase mode. The effect of conditions such as organic modifier concentration, column temperature, pH, and mobile phase flow rate on retention and enantioselectivity were investigated. It was shown that hydrophobic, steric, and ionic interactions were present between the analyte and the macrocycle in this chromatographic system. Vant Hoff plots afforded the thermodynamic data _R,SH° and _R,SS°; the negative values obtained indicated the process of enantiomer separation was enthalpy-controlled. In an attempt to improve the resolution of some very polar acidic compounds (dansyl-amino acids) norvancomycin was used as stationary phase chiral selector and chiral mobile-phase additive simultaneously, better results were obtained as the result of a synergistic effect. It was also shown experimentally that the newly synthesized NVC-CSP behaved somewhat differently from the earlier reported vancomycin-bonded CSP, probably because of the different structures of norvancomycin and vancomycin.     

Liquid Chromatographic Enantioseparations Utilizing Chiral Stationary Phases Based on Crown Ethers and Cyclofructans

Natural compounds can exist in different forms, where molecules possessing chirality play an essential role in living organisms. Currently, one of the most important tasks of modern analytical chemistry is the enantioseparation of chiral compounds, in particular, the enantiomers of compounds having biological and/or pharmaceutical activity. Whether the task is to analyze environmental or food samples or to develop an assay for drug control, well-reproducible, highly sensitive, stereoselective, and robust methods are required. High-performance liquid chromatography best meets these conditions. Nevertheless, in many cases, gas chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, or capillary electrophoresis can also offer a suitable solution. Amino acids, proteins, cyclodextrins, derivatized polysaccharides, macrocyclic glycopeptides, and ion exchangers can serve as efficient selectors in liquid chromatography, and they are quite frequently applied and reviewed. Crown ethers and cyclofructans possessing similar structural characteristics and selectivity in the enantiodiscrimination of different amine compounds are discussed less frequently. This review collects information on enantioseparations achieved recently with the use of chiral stationary phases based on crown ethers or cyclofructans, focusing on liquid chromatographic applications.     

高效液相色谱法对外消旋药物的拆分

综述了近年来高效液相色谱法在药物对映体拆分与测定中的应用，介绍了许多有代表性的具有不同药理性能对映异构体药物，并指出出拆份的重要意义，共引用文献３２篇。     

非甾体抗炎药对映体在冠醚手性固定相上的拆分

利用高效液相色谱法,采用从(18-冠-6)-2,3,11,12-四羧((18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid,18-C-6-TA)衍生的冠醚类型手性固定相(CSPs),对非甾体抗炎药酰肼衍生物进行手性分离研究.为了手性酸类非甾体抗炎药在冠醚手性固定相上进行手性拆分,采用与肼合成方法导入氨基基团,合成了其酰肼衍生物.色谱条件为:流动相:80%甲醇/水(V/V)含10 mmol/L H2SO4;流速:1.0 mL/min;紫外检测波长:210 nm.结果表明,除酮洛芬之外,其它非甾体抗炎药的酰肼衍生物拆分效果较好(α=1.14～1.26,Rs=0.88～1.43).而且非甾体抗炎药酰肼衍生物在(+)18-C-6-TA衍生的CSP 1和(-)18-C-6-TA衍生的CSP 2上的洗脱顺序得到了相反结果.     

涂敷纤维素类手性固定相对甲霜灵中间体的高效液相色谱拆分

通过在自制的球形氨丙基硅胶上涂敷纤维素－三（3，5－二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯）（CDMPC）制备了手性固定相，并采用该手性固定相成功地对甲霜灵中间体进行了高效液相色谱拆分；考察了由不同比例的正己烷和异丙醇组成的流动相对甲霜灵中间体分离效果的影响。