Simplified processing and characteristic investigation of DCG holographic elements

In this paper,the simplfied procedures of processing dichromated gelatin(DCG)holographic optical elements(HOE's) are presented.Both diffraction efficiency and transmis-sion of DCG grating made by the procedures have been achieved up to 97%.The diffractioncharacteristics of the DCG gratings are measured and analysed,the applications of DCG grat-ings with high quality are also discussed.     

DCG全息元件的简化处理及特性研究

本文提供了重铬酸明胶（ＤＣＧ）的一种简化处理步骤，最高衍射效率和透明度均达９７％，测量和分析了处理后ＤＣＧ光栅的衍射特性，讨论了高质量ＤＣＧ全息元件的应用。     

重铬酸盐明胶(DCG)全息图退化的机理分析及抗潮方法之一

ＤＣＧ全息图的环境不稳定问题阻碍了它的广泛应用。本文从ＤＣＧ全息图成像的主要材料明胶的分子结构入手，分析它的主要功能基团对全息图的成像机制和环境稳定性的影响，发现在明胶分子中大量的强极性基团氨基和羧基在ＤＣＧ成膜、光化学反应中起着重要作用。但也正是这些基团是强吸潮基团，在９０％环境湿度中，使明胶吸潮率可达到４０％。本文分析了Ｎａｉｋ用聚合物溶液涂层试图隔离潮气进入ＤＣＧ全息图的方法效果不佳的原因，采用能获得致密涂层的苯乙烯本体直接聚合成膜的方法，获得了在高湿度环境中，高衍射效率ＤＣＧ全息图长达三个月稳定的抗潮方法。     

DCG全息图的消像与再显影技术

在DCG材料记录与消像机理的基础上,通过实验分析确定了后处理过程中最佳的水洗消像和异丙醇逐步脱水干燥的显影技术,实现了DCG全息图彻底“消像”以及记录信息的重新清晰再现.由此展现出了DCG在信息隐藏方面的应用前景.     

平显全息组合镜的衍射特性研究

给出了平显用全息组合镜的衍射效率、水平选择角和带宽的实验测量结果,并运用耦合波理论进行了分析.测试结果表明,DCG是一种制作体积全息图的优良材料,由其制作的全息组合镜具有优良的透过率和衍射特性.     

Effects of dust-charge gradient and polarization forces on the waves and Jeans instability in strongly coupled dusty plasma

The effects of dust charge gradient (DCG) force and polarization force have been investigated on the properties of dust acoustic wave (DAW) and linear Jeans instability in strongly coupled dusty plasma. In the kinetic regime, DCG and polarization forces modify the DAW mode and couple with compressional viscoelastic wave mode. The Jeans instability criterion and critical wavenumber have been modified due to DCG force, polarization force and strong coupling effects. The results have been discussed in the warm photodisassociation region and in the laboratory complex plasmas. The strong correlation effect and the charge variation parameter stabilize the growth rate of Jeans instability. But, the polarization parameter stabilize the growth rate for positively charged dust grains and destabilize for negatively charged dust grains. The implications of charge gradient and polarization parameters are discussed for lower and higher charges in the laboratory complex plasma which decreases the growth of the propagating DAW.     

一维全息光子晶体的透射谱分析

利用传输矩阵法数值计算了一维全息光子晶体的带隙结构,分析了针对记录材料重铬酸盐明胶(DCG),折射率周期性渐变的一维全息光子晶体结构的透射谱特性.通过计算记录光路中相干光束以不同入射角干涉时产生不同的禁带分布范围,与改变再现光路中光束和干板的夹角相比较,提出了弥补固定厚度DCG产生光子晶体的禁带分布范围较窄的方法.     

Construction of high-quality narrow-band holographic filters

We have studied the factors limiting the quality of holographic notch filters. We have employed a novel recording scheme in which the sample is translated during exposure, eliminating flare due to reflections at the boundaries, and simultaneously reducing the scatter of the final hologram. We have also refined a gravity-settling dichromated gelatine (DCG) deposition technique and incorporated hardening of the DCG layers during the drying stage. With this, we have produced high optical quality, uniform, flare-free DCG filters with an optical density, OD > 5, bandwidth < 20 nm and scatter almost as low as that for state of the art dielectric notch filters.     

全息记录介质的评价方法及特性研究

本文在综合前人工作的基础上,提出了一套评价全息记录介质的方法。测量和研究了重铬酸盐明胶和卤化银介质的某些特性。     

预硬化明胶酶蚀成像特性的研究

从预硬化重铬酸盐明胶光致抗酶蚀的成像机理出发，分析和推导了酶蚀成像特性曲线，并从实验上考察了几个主要因素对其线性动态范围的影响，其结果对于明胶酶蚀成像技术的应用，特别是对保真沟形微结构光学元件的制作具有指导意义。     

用DCG制作彩色反射全息图的研究

本文介绍了采用重铬酸盐明胶制作彩色全息的方法,并对影响彩色全息图的因素进行了研究,通过选择适宜的实验参数、实验条件及显影处理工艺,获得了满意的彩色反射全息图.     

Holography with guided optical waves

Waveguide holograms are recorded in a storage material layer covering a planar dielectric waveguide with a guided mode as reference wave. They are also read-out with a guided mode. In the storage material, assumed to have a lower refractive index than the waveguiding film, the fields of the reference and of the read-out wave are evanescent waves. We describe the preparation of the epoxy resin (Araldit) waveguides on glass substrates, their coating with a dichromated gelatin (DCG) layer as storage material, the processing of the DCG, and the recording and reconstruction techniques. Waveguide holograms of good quality with a size of several square centimeters have been realized for the first time. The holograms were recorded and read-out with wavelength λ=488 nm. They have a length of about 25 mm and a width of 17 mm. To obtain holograms that wide a special prism coupler had to be used which allowed to couple in a laser beam of elliptical cross section, and thus to excite a guided reference or read-out mode with a width of 17 mm.     

新型透射式全息窄带带阻滤光器的光谱特性分析

滤光器在光谱学、光学测量和激光物理中有着极其重要的应用。全息滤光器是一种新型滤光器,特别是利用重铬酸明胶(DCG)记录的全息透射式窄带滤光器,其主要特点为对主谱线有很窄的带宽。文章主要用紫外-可见分光光度计测定用DCG记录的透射式全息窄带带阻滤光器的光谱特性,测量结果分析表明,滤光器在可见光区域(400～800 nm)对其中心波长的相对透射率小于2%,其他谱线的相对透射率大于85%。且滤光器有较窄的带宽,其半宽度小于12 nm,十分之一宽度小于15 nm。对氩离子激光(Ar+)主谱线514.5 nm有优良的滤光特性。     

Large refractive index modulation tilted holographic planar structured grating based on dichromated gelatin

A new type grating, tilted holographic planar structured dichromated gelatin (DCG) grating with large refractive index modulation, is presented in this paper. The grating is inscribed by superposing two coherent laser beams from the front and the thin side surfaces, respectively. The relationship between the tilted angle and the three types of coupling modes is analyzed when coupling with fiber. Besides, the couple mode theory and experimental investigation are applied on major characteristics analysis of the radiation mode DCG grating of tilted angle 45°. Due to the tilted planar structured grating has large refractive index modulation, it not only offers convenience for connecting (or integrating) with other fiber or waveguide-based devices, but also provide some special characteristics such as low wavelength selectivity (which is required for some applications such as multiple spectrum biomedical imaging). Therefore, this unique grating device has a wide application in optical fields such as for the waveguide-based, parallel, multiple spectrum imaging system.     

基于侧边抛磨光纤的表面布拉格光栅温度传感器

为了实现在侧边抛磨光纤（SPF）上制作布拉格光栅结构并提高器件设计灵活性,利用重铬酸盐明胶（DCG）作为光刻材料,提出一种新型的光纤表面布拉格光栅制作方法并对该器件温度传感特性进行研究。使用轮式抛磨系统制作SPF,并在SPF侧抛面上旋涂DCG,通过干涉光束曝光显影制作表面布拉格光栅。光谱测量表明:带有布拉格光栅的侧边抛磨光纤在1 480.2 nm处有透射谷,在相应位置反射谱有明显反射峰,其调制幅度达到15.9 dB,这是由于表面光栅的布拉格反射所致。温度传感实验表明,该布拉格反射峰的温度灵敏度为17.84 pm/℃。这种器件已在光纤传感和光纤滤波器等方面获得应用。     

The Application of Heat Treatment in the Formation of Relief-Phase Holographic Structures on Dichromed Gelatin

Optics and Spectroscopy - A new method of formation of relief-phase holographic structure on dichromated gelatin (DCG) layers has been proposed. The method is based on two types of alternative...     

双峰值面全息反射元件的角敏特性

从实验上研究了DCG全息元件透射光谱的暗带谷值波长随入射角变化的特性,提出用双峰值强度面反射元件作全息角敏元件(HASE),该HASE对入射光有较高的角度灵敏度和广角敏感性,分析了实验参数对暗带谷值和带宽的影响.     

非均匀反射体全息窄带带阻滤光片

在实验基础上,利用非均匀耦合波理论得出了介质折射率调制度和空频变化的非均匀模型,利用此模型分析了窄带宽和高光学密度滤光片所应具有的非均匀分布特性,指出了实验工艺上应努力的方向,实验上用重铬酸明胶（DCG）实现了性能优良的高光学密度窄带宽的全息带阻滤光片,峰值波长光学密度为4－5,半宽度小于20nm.     

基于全内反射的重铬酸明胶全息光互连器件的研究

研究了利用重铬酸明胶制备的基于全内反射的全息光互连器件，实现了兰光记录，近红外光再现，计算出记录光束的入射角与再现光束的偏转角间的关系曲线以及记录光束的入射角与波长比的关系曲线，器件衍射效率达６０％。     

Angular Multiplexing Gratings Characterization in Dichromated Gelatin and Thoughts on Diffractive Optical Memory

We were mainly concerned here with multiple exposure gratings that allow interactions and coupling between gratings. We started the study of interactions and coupling with five gratings recorded in dichromated gelatin (DCG). Having determined experimentally the characteristic parameters of these five gratings, we used a method developed by Oxford University to synthesize the modulation profile. Entering these parameters of each grating into our computing programs (based on the alternative theory of diffraction in modulated media) and by varying the amplitude modulation, the latter was deduced by adjusting the numerical curve to the experimental one. We then extended the study to nine multiplexed gratings. This study allowed us to know the range of the amplitude modulation such that a certain number of angular multiplexing can be done in DCG. Several undesirable effects which we had experimentally observed appeared then during the reconstruction of any one of the multiplexed images, such as cross-talk effect. We noted the good concordance between experimental and theoretical results. We finally illustrated cross-talk effect in a diffractive memory where, if the amplitude modulation was first calculated, the number of multiplexing for an angular range could then be determined and the angular separation achieved to avoid cross-talk.