Representation of discrete sequences with N-dimensional iterated function systems in tensor form

Iterated Function System (IFS) models have been used to represent discrete sequences where the attractor of the IFS is self-affine or piecewise self-affine in R ² or R ³ (R is the set of real numbers). In this paper, the piecewise hidden-variable fractal model is extended from R ³ to R ⁿ (n is an integer greater than 3), which is called the multi-dimensional piecewise hidden variable fractal model. This new model uses a “mapping partial derivative” and a constrained inverse algorithm to identify the model parameters. The model values depend continuously on all the hidden variables. Therefore the result is very general. Moreover, the piecewise hidden-variable fractal model in tensor form is more terse than in the usual matrix form.     

Representation of discrete sequences with high-dimensional iterated function systems

Iterated Function System (IFS) models have been used to represent discrete sequences where the attractor of the IFS is self-affine or piece-wise self-affine in R ² or R ³ (R is the set of real numbers). In this paper, the piece-wise hidden-variable fractal model is extended from R ³ to R ⁿ (n is an integer greater than 3), which is called the high-dimensional piece-wise hidden-variable fractal model. This new model uses a “mapping partial derivative” and a constrained inverse algorithm to identify the model parameters. The model values depend continuously on all the hidden variables. Therefore, the result is very general.     

On Kato’s Method for Navier–Stokes Equations

We investigate Kato’s method for parabolic equations with a quadratic non-linearity in an abstract form. We extract several properties known from linear systems theory which turn out to be the essential ingredients for the method. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for these conditions and provide new and more general proofs, based on real interpolation. In application to the Navier–Stokes equations, our approach unifies several results known in the literature, partly with different proofs. Moreover, we establish new existence and uniqueness results for rough initial data on arbitrary domains in \mathbbR³{\mathbb{R}}^{3} and irregular domains in \mathbbRⁿ{\mathbb{R}}^{n}.     

粗糙表面测量轮廓的分形插值模拟

引入粗糙表面的分形插值理论，提出用分形插值函数模拟粗糙表面轮廓的方法。并以车削，磨削及磨损表面为研究对象，对粗糙表面进行了分形插值模拟，系统地研究了影响其模拟模拟效果的因素和规律。发现可以采用分形插值理论来模拟或表征具有分形特征的粗糙表面。     

On the numerical solution of structures with fractal geometry: The FE approach

The scope of the present paper is to present the numerical aspects of the theory developed in [1]. The fractal geometry of structure(s) is approximated either through the IFS (iterated function system) method or through the FI (fractal interpolation) method. These approximations of the fractal through classical curves and surfaces are combined with the FEM in order to get numerical results for important technical problems, which cannot be satisfactorily treated by other methods.

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Sommario Lo scopo del lavoro é quello di discutere gli aspetti numerici della teoria sviluppata in [1]. La geometria frattale della/e struttura é approssimata sia attraverso il metodo IFS (iterated function system) che il metodo FI (fractal interpolation). Queste approssimazioni frattali, attraverso curve e superfici classiche, sono combinate con il metodo degli elementi finiti, onde potere ottenere risultati numerici per importanti problemi tecnici che non potrebbero venire soddisfacentemente affrontati con altri metodi.

     

Positivity and Almost Positivity of Biharmonic Green’s Functions under Dirichlet Boundary Conditions

In general, for higher order elliptic equations and boundary value problems like the biharmonic equation and the linear clamped plate boundary value problem, neither a maximum principle nor a comparison principle or—equivalently—a positivity preserving property is available. The problem is rather involved since the clamped boundary conditions prevent the boundary value problem from being reasonably written as a system of second order boundary value problems. It is shown that, on the other hand, for bounded smooth domains W ì \mathbbRⁿ{\Omega \subset\mathbb{R}^n} , the negative part of the corresponding Green’s function is “small” when compared with its singular positive part, provided n\geqq 3{n\geqq 3} . Moreover, the biharmonic Green’s function in balls B ì \mathbbRⁿ{B\subset\mathbb{R}^n} under Dirichlet (that is, clamped) boundary conditions is known explicitly and is positive. It has been known for some time that positivity is preserved under small regular perturbations of the domain, if n = 2. In the present paper, such a stability result is proved for n\geqq 3{n\geqq 3} .     

ON THE CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY OF AKIND OF FRACTAL INTERPOLATION FUNCTION

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＦｒａｃｔａｌｉｎｔｅｒｐｏｌａｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｉｓｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄｉｎｔｈｅｆｒａｃｔａｌｇｅｏｍｅｔｒｙｕｓｉｎｇｉｔｅｒａｔｅｄｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍ (ＩＦＳ) ,ｉｔｉｓｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｆｒｏｍｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｉｎｔｅｒｐｏｌａｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄ .Ｍ .Ｆ .Ｂａｒｎｓｅｌｙ[1,2 ]ｆｉｒｓｔｇａｖｅｔｈｉｓｍｅｔｈｏｄａｎｄｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｄｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｉｔｙａｎｄｔｈｅｆｒａｃｔａｌｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎｏｆｉｎｔｅｒｐｏｌａｔ…     

A Remark on the Invariance of Solenoidal Vectors in Elastostatics

The linear elastostatic displacement boundary-value problem is considered for a bounded simply connected region Ω in R ⁿ in the case of a homogeneous isotropic medium. For n = 2 it is shown that if all solenoidal forcing terms result in solenoidal displacements, then Ω is a disk. It is likely that the result is true for n ≥ 3 but that problem is not resolved. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Analytical Solution for Radial Deformations of Functionally Graded Isotropic and Incompressible Second-Order Elastic Hollow Spheres

We analytically analyze radial expansion/contraction of a hollow sphere composed of a second-order elastic, isotropic, incompressible and inhomogeneous material to delineate differences and similarities between solutions of the first- and the second-order problems. The two elastic moduli are assumed to be either affine or power-law functions of the radial coordinate R in the undeformed reference configuration. For the affine variation of the shear modulus μ, the hoop stress for the linear elastic (or the first-order) problem at the point R=(R _ou R _in (R _ou +R _in )/2)^1/3 is independent of the slope of the μ vs. R line. Here R _in and R _ou equal, respectively, the inner and the outer radius of the sphere in the reference configuration. For μ(R)∝R ⁿ , for the linear problem, the hoop stress is constant in the sphere for n=1. However, no such results are found for the second-order (i.e., materially nonlinear) problem. Whereas for the first-order problem the shear modulus influences only the radial displacement and not the stresses, for the second-order problem the two elastic constants affect both the radial displacement and the stresses. In a very thick homogeneous hollow sphere subjected only to pressure on the outer surface, the hoop stress at a point on the inner surface depends upon values of the two elastic moduli. Thus conclusions drawn from the analysis of the first-order problem do not hold for the second-order problem. Closed form solutions for the displacement and stresses for the first-order and the second-order problems provided herein can be used to verify solutions of the problem obtained by using numerical methods.     

The plane stress crack-tip field for an incompressible rubber material

ＴＨＥＰＬＡＮＥＳＴＲＥＳＳＣＲＡＣＫ－ＴＩＰＦＩＥＬＤＦＯＲＡＮＩＮＣＯＭＰＲＥＳＳＩＢＬＥＲＵＢＢＥＲＭＡＴＥＲＩＡＬＧａｏＹｕ－ｃｈｅｎ（高玉臣）,ＳｈｉＺｈｉ－ｆｅｉ（石志飞）（ＨａｒｂｉｎＳｈｉｐｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇＥｎｇｎｅｅｒｉｎｇＩｎｓｔ...     

Some bounded results of θ(t)-type singular integral operators

Let B be a Banach space in UMD with an unconditional basis. The boundedness of the θ(t)-type singular integral operators in L _B ^p (R ⁿ), (1≤p<+∞) and H _B ¹ (R ⁿ) spaces are discussed. Foundation item: the Education Commission of Shandong Province (J98P51) Biography: Zhao Kai (1960-)     

2D Burgers equation with large Reynolds number using POD/DEIM and calibration

Model order reduction of the two‐dimensional Burgers equation is investigated. The mathematical formulation of POD/discrete empirical interpolation method (DEIM)‐reduced order model (ROM) is derived based on the Galerkin projection and DEIM from the existing high fidelity‐implicit finite‐difference full model. For validation, we numerically compared the POD ROM, POD/DEIM, and the full model in two cases of Re = 100 and Re = 1000, respectively. We found that the POD/DEIM ROM leads to a speed‐up of CPU time by a factor of O(10). The computational stability of POD/DEIM ROM is maintained by means of a careful selection of POD modes and the DEIM interpolation points. The solution of POD/DEIM in the case of Re = 1000 has an accuracy with error O(10^?3) versus O(10^?4) in the case of Re = 100 when compared with the high fidelity model. For this turbulent flow, a closure model consisting of a Tikhonov regularization is carried out in order to recover the missing information and is developed to account for the small‐scale dissipation effect of the truncated POD modes. It is shown that the computational results of this calibrated ROM exhibit considerable agreement with the high fidelity model, which implies the efficiency of the closure model used. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Existence and Regularity of Very Weak Solutions of the Stationary Navier–Stokes Equations

We consider the stationary Navier–Stokes equations in a bounded domain Ω in R ⁿ with smooth connected boundary, where n = 2, 3 or 4. In case that n = 3 or 4, existence of very weak solutions in L ⁿ (Ω) is proved for the data belonging to some Sobolev spaces of negative order. Moreover we obtain complete L ^q -regularity results on very weak solutions in L ⁿ (Ω). If n = 2, then similar results are also proved for very weak solutions in with any q ₀ > 2. We impose neither smallness conditions on the external force nor boundary data for our existence and regularity results.     

Well-posedness for the heat flow of harmonic maps and the liquid crystal flow with rough initial data

We investigate the well-posedness of (1) the heat flow of harmonic maps from \mathbb Rⁿ{\mathbb R^n} to a compact Riemannian manifold N without boundary for initial data in BMO; and (2) the hydrodynamic flow (u, d) of nematic liquid crystals on \mathbb Rⁿ{\mathbb R^n} for initial data in BMO⁻¹ × BMO.     

Nonsimilarity solutions for non-Darcy mixed convection from horizontal surfaces in a porous medium

Non-Darcy mixed convection in a porous medium from horizontal surfaces with variable surface heat flux of the power-law distribution is analyzed. The entire mixed convection regime is divided into two regions. The first region covers the forced convection dominated regime where the dimensionless parameter ζ _f =Ra^* _x /Pe² _x is found to characterize the effect of buoyancy forces on the forced convection with K ^′ U _∞/ν characterizing the effect of inertia resistance. The second region covers the natural convection dominated regime where the dimensionless parameter ζ _n =Pe _x /Ra^*1/2 _x is found to characterize the effect of the forced flow on the natural convection, with (K ^′ U _∞/ν)Ra^*1/2 _x /Pe _x characterizing the effect of inertia resistance. To obtain the solution that covers the entire mixed convection regime the solution of the first regime is carried out for ζ _f =0, the pure forced convection limit, to ζ _f =1 and the solution of the second is carried out for ζ _n =0, the pure natural convection limit, to ζ _n =1. The two solutions meet and match at ζ _f =ζ _n =1, and R ^* _h =G ^* _h . Also a non-Darcy model was used to analyze mixed convection in a porous medium from horizontal surfaces with variable wall temperature of the power-law form. The entire mixed convection regime is divided into two regions. The first region covers the forced convection dominated regime where the dimensionless parameter ξ _f =Ra _x /Pe _x ^3/2 is found to measure the buoyancy effects on mixed convection with Da _x Pe _x /ɛ as the wall effects. The second region covers the natural convection dominated region where ξ _n =Pe _x /Ra _x ^2/3 is found to measure the force effects on mixed convection with Da _x Ra _x ^2/3/ɛ as the wall effects. Numerical results for different inertia, wall, variable surface heat flux and variable wall temperature exponents are presented. Received on 8 July 1996     

Homeomorphisms of Bounded Variation

We show that the inverse of a planar homeomorphism of bounded variation is also of bounded variation. In higher dimensions we show that f ⁻¹ is of bounded variation provided that f ϵ W ^1,1(Ω; R ⁿ ) is a homeomorphism with |Df| in the Lorentz space L ^n-1,1(Ω). Dedicated to Tadeusz Iwaniec on his 60th birthday     

Characterization of the flow properties of sodium carboxymethylcellulose via mechanical and optical techniques

Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) in solution represents a complex rheological system, since it forms aggregates and associations and hence higher-level structures and, depending on the synthesis, is only found in a molecularly dispersed form in exceptional cases. Rheo-mechanical investigations of the viscoelasticity showed that the Cox-Merz rule is not fulfilled. The aim was therefore to examine whether rheo-optics could be employed to provide more detailed conclusions about the parameters that influence the flow behavior of NaCMC than has hitherto been available with mechanical methods. The flow birefringence, Δn ^′, rises as the degree of polymerization increases, and exhibits the same dependence on molar mass as does the viscosity: Δn ^′∝M _w ^3.4. As the degree of polymerization increases while the shear rate remains constant, the polymer segments become more distinctly aligned in the direction of shear. Hence increasing the degree of polymerization also affects the solution structure, i.e. the interaction of the molecules with one another. The stress-optical rule only applies to a limited extent for this system. The stress-optical coefficient, C, is almost independent of the shear rate, but is strongly influenced by the concentration and attains a limiting value of 3 × 10⁻⁸ Pa⁻¹. C was determined for a polymer in dilute solution and the curve obtained also enabled transitions in the solution structure to be recognized. Received: 1 May 1998 Accepted: 5 October 1998     

On a kinematic compatibility equation related to elastic stress-free joints and crystal twins

Consider the kinematic compatibility equation QFR = F(I + a n).Here Q and R are two 3×3 matrices representing two rotations, F is a 3×3 matrix with det (F) > 0, I is the 3×3 identity matrix, a and n are two vectors in the 3-dimensional Euclidean space R ³, and a n is the direct product. Assume F and R are given, and we solve for Q, a, n. We will first present a new proof of a criterion, due to Professor Jerry Ericksen, to be met by F and R for the existence of non-trivial solutions. Then we will give sufficient and necessary conditions for F and R under which the equation has solutions of special properties that are related to compound twins and multiple twins in crystals.     

Thermal diffusion of dilute polymer solutions

In this paper diffusion of a dilute solution of elastic dumbbell model macromolecules under non-isothermal conditions is studied. Using the center of mass definition for the local polymer concentration, the diffusive flux contains a thermal diffusion dyadic d _T .  To get some idea of thermal diffusion d _T is evaluated for steady state isothermal conditions. Explicit results are presented for some homogeneous flows. It is shown that if the polymeric number density is defined via the beads (of the dumbbell) – termed n _b – then the diffusive flux j contains , where τ ^c is the intramolecular contribution to the bulk stress. Though the form of the diffusion equation for n _b thus differs from the corresponding one for n, it is shown that for essentially unbounded systems differences between n and n _b are small. Since the results involve the translational diffusion coefficient they can readily be taken over for Rouse coils. Received: 23 September 1997 Accepted: 5 June 1998     

The Decay Rate and Higher Approximation of Mild Solutions to the Navier�CStokes Equations

In this paper, we consider v(t) = u(t) − e ^tΔ u ₀, where u(t) is the mild solution of the Navier–Stokes equations with the initial data u₀ ? L²(\mathbb Rⁿ)?Lⁿ(\mathbb Rⁿ){u_0\in L^2({\mathbb R}^n)\cap L^n({\mathbb R}^n)} . We shall show that the L ² norm of D ^β v(t) decays like t^{-\frac |b|-1 2-\frac n4}{t^{-\frac {|\beta|-1} {2}-\frac n4}} for |β| ≥ 0. Moreover, we will find the asymptotic profile u ₁(t) such that the L ² norm of D ^β (v(t) − u ₁(t)) decays faster for 3 ≤ n ≤ 5 and |β| ≥ 0. Besides, higher-order asymptotics of v(t) are deduced under some assumptions.