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验证机械能守恒定律是高中物理实验中的一个重点内容,传统的实验都是利用打点计时器来验证物体做自由落体时机械能守恒。随着技术手段的更新,也有利用朗威DISLab传感器来验证摆球的机械能守恒,效果比传统的实验方法要好得多,但大家都把目光集中在对单个物体(忽略地球)的机械能守恒的验证上。而在实际教学中我们往往会发现,学生对于单个物体(忽略地球)的机械能守恒掌握得比较好,对于多个物体(系统)的机械能守恒经常容易出现错误,容易遗漏系统某些部分的动能或势能。如图1所示,光滑的水平桌面上,钩码(m0)通过细线拉动滑块(m)运动的模型,学生在列出机械能守恒表达式时往往会遗漏钩码的动能,列出这样的表达式 m0 gh=12 m v 2,而学生对于实际模型的接触很少,平时对模型的认识都来源于纸面,往往凭空想象,无法发现错误所在。因此,笔者考虑设计了利用气垫导轨和光电门验证系统机械能守恒定律的实验。 相似文献
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本文基于人教版高中《 物理·必修2》中“ 实验: 验证机械能守恒定律”一节内容, 利用气垫导轨改进课
本中的实验, 验证了弹力参与做功时的系统机械能守恒. 此改进有益于加深学生对机械能守恒定律的全面理解 相似文献
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验证了一道中学生物理竞赛试题标准答案(弹簧振子相对于运动惯性系的机械能不守恒)的正确性,否定了"对一道中学生物理竞赛试题答案的商榷"[1]的质疑,并指出其错误根源. 相似文献
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验证机械能守恒定律的实验原理是物体自由下落时,如果不计空气阻力,这时物体的机械能守恒,也就是重力势能的减少等于动能的增加. 相似文献
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Aronov B 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2005,117(1):210-220
The energy method of calculating the properties of piezoelectric electroacoustic transducers is considered. The Lagrangian of an electroacoustic transducer as a system performing multiple energy conversions is introduced. The Euler equations describing operation of a transducer with many mechanical degrees of freedom are derived from the least action principle. The corresponding multicontour equivalent circuit of the transducer is introduced. For the particular case of a transducer having one mechanical degree of freedom the governing equations are obtained by applying the Energy Conservation Law, and equivalent circuit with one mechanical branch also introduced. Application of the energy method is illustrated with examples of the pulsating spherical transducer as the one degree of freedom system and the multimode cylindrical transducer comprised of circular rings as the system with multiple degrees of freedom. Advantages of the method for application with electroacoustic transducers are summarized. 相似文献
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首先提出力学系统高阶速度能定理,阐明了系统高阶速度能量的物理意义;然后提出力学系统有势的一般判据.在此基础上,引入高阶Lagrange函数,得出完整有势力学系统的高阶Lagrange方程,并得到系统高阶循环积分和高阶广义能量积分.
关键词:
高阶速度能定理
有势力学系统
高阶Lagrange方程
高阶Lagrange函数 相似文献
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Huajun Zhu Lingyan Tang Songhe Song Yifa Tang Desheng Wang 《Journal of computational physics》2010,229(7):2550-2572
This paper introduces a novel symplectic wavelet collocation method for solving nonlinear Hamiltonian wave equations. Based on the autocorrelation functions of Daubechies compactly supported scaling functions, collocation method is conducted for the spatial discretization, which leads to a finite-dimensional Hamiltonian system. Then, appropriate symplectic scheme is employed for the integration of the Hamiltonian system. Under the hypothesis of periodicity, the properties of the resulted space differentiation matrix are analyzed in detail. Conservation of energy and momentum is also investigated. Various numerical experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method. 相似文献
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We propose a unified space-time picture of baryon stopping and quark-gluon plasma creation in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. It is assumed that the highly Lorentz contracted nuclei are decelerated by the coherent color field which is formed between them after they pass through each other. This process continues until the field is neutralized by the Schwinger mechanism. Conservation of energy and momentum allow us to calculate the energy losses of the nuclear slabs and the initial energy density of the quark-gluon plasma. 相似文献
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从质点系非惯性系的动力学方程出发,建立力学系统相对运动的高阶微分变分原理,然后引入力学系统的高阶相对速度能量,导出完整力学系统相对运动的各类高阶动力学方程,并给出一例说明本文结果的应用.
关键词:
完整力学系统
相对运动
高阶微分变分原理
高阶动力学方程 相似文献
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Betz M Göger G Laubereau A Gartner P Bányai L Haug H Ortner K Becker CR Leitenstorfer A 《Physical review letters》2001,86(20):4684-4687
Femtosecond transmission spectra of highly polar CdTe are compared to more covalent GaAs contrasting semiclassical kinetics with two-time quantum kinetics based on the Dyson equation. Nonequilibrium heavy holes in CdTe show ultrafast energy redistribution via the Fr?hlich mechanism even if photoexcited below the LO phonon energy. This subthreshold relaxation is a genuine quantum kinetic effect. It gains importance if the polaron self-energy is comparable to the phonon energy. Conservation of the free-particle energies is not required under these conditions. 相似文献
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利用刚球模型,根据力学规律,对二维近独立子系系统粒子的运动进行了计算机模拟;模拟中,在不同时刻对系统中各粒子的能量和速率进行多次测量,并对测量结果进行统计平均,得到了粒子数不同的力学系统中粒子按能量和速率的分布图;根据所得的分布图形曲线,给出了任意数目的粒子系统的统一的分布函数.从而完全证明了少量粒子构成的力学系统,其长时间行为也具有确定的统计规律. 相似文献
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指出“悠悠球”或“滚轮摆”在“下落”和“上升”两个独立阶段,机械能守恒,但在最低点的“转折”处,由于未加考虑系统突变效应而产生的能量损耗,导致错误地认为机械能不变.这个错误在教学中、课本里以及各种丛书中长期存在,应该引起重视. 相似文献