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1.
碳纳米管的宏量制备及产业化   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
作为纳米材料的代表之一,碳纳米管因其独特的一维结构具备了优异的力学、电学、热学、光学和反应性能,使其在能源存储与转化、复合材料、多相催化、环境保护及生物医药等领域具有大量的应用潜力.本文总结了多种类型碳纳米管宏量制备的化学及工程原理,并对多壁碳纳米管、单壁碳纳米管、双壁碳纳米管、定向碳纳米管、超顺排碳纳米管、水平超长碳纳米管、掺杂碳纳米管、螺旋碳纳米管、碳纳米管结及碳纳米管/石墨烯杂化物的宏量制备方法进行了评述.同时,对碳纳米管产业化中新的工程问题,如工业标准、环境评估以及产业化进展进行了分析.目前,碳纳米管已经具有成千吨的产能,并广泛应用于锂离子电池电极、导电复合材料、汽车配件和体育用品等领域.尽管如此,高性能的碳纳米管的宏量制备及其配套产业化技术仍有待深入开发,产品需要进一步丰富、市场需要进一步拓展,以望形成大规模纳米产业,促进社会的可持续发展.  相似文献   

2.
杨勇  胡征  陈懿 《无机化学学报》2003,19(7):771-773
Branching carbon nanotubes were synthesized by pyrolysis of acetylene at 700℃ over oxygen-free copper and γ-Al2O3-supported Cu unitary or Cu/Fe binary catalysts. The morphologies of the as-grown products were charac-terized by transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that the branching structures were closely related to the Cu component of the catalysts. We proposed that the special electronic structure (3d104s1) of Cu play the crucial role in the formation of the heptagon defects related to the branching structures.  相似文献   

3.
碳纳米管具有优秀的导电性能、 透光性能和十分突出的柔性, 在柔性透明导电薄膜中有着良好的应用前景. 如何制备同时拥有良好导电性能和透光性能的碳纳米管薄膜是这一领域研究的核心问题. 本综述介绍了碳纳米管薄膜的制备方法, 并重点讨论了基于漂浮催化剂化学气相沉积法的碳纳米管薄膜的可控制备. 在生长过程中限制碳纳米管的团聚、 增加碳纳米管的长度、 降低杂质的含量是提高碳纳米管薄膜性能的主要策略.  相似文献   

4.
基于六元环生长机理,以苯为前驱物高产率地制备了多壁碳纳米管。通过调变及优化催化剂的组成和用量、苯通量、生长温度等参量,碳纳米管的最高产率可达859wt%。高分辨透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、热重-差热分析仪、X射线衍射等分析结果表明,本方法制得的碳纳米管产物的直径约20 nm,纯度高,具有良好的石墨化程度。  相似文献   

5.
《化学通报》2010,73(12)
碳纳米管独特的物理化学性质与其结构密切相关。目前,化学气相沉积法已成为低成本制备碳纳米管的常用方法,其中催化剂性质是实现碳纳米管可控生长的关键。催化剂作为碳纳米管成核生长的核心位点,对碳纳米管的结构起着决定性的作用。本文从适宜于化学气相沉积法生长碳纳米管的催化剂的结构与性质入手,综述了近几年催化剂在碳纳米管长度、管径、管壁数及手性控制等方面的研究进展。  相似文献   

6.
纳米CaCO3负载过渡金属CVD法制备多壁碳纳米管的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以纳米碳酸钙粉体为载体,用浸渍法制备了可用于化学气相沉积(CVD)法制备碳纳米管的高产率催化剂.应用FESEM,HRTEM,TEM,XRD和激光拉曼谱对产物进行了表征.结果表明,由于纳米碳酸钙具有较大的比表面积,可高密度地承载催化剂活性组分.在碳纳米管生长初期,处于缓慢分解状态的纳米碳酸钙才能有效地起到载体作用,且反应温度为700~750℃时,碳纳米管的产率较高.Fe-Co双金属催化剂在700℃,催化生长60min后,可增重10倍,而且产物中无定形碳含量极少.纳米碳酸钙载体易于提纯,用质量分数为30%的硝酸超声提纯粗产品1h,可使纯度提高到97%,且不破坏碳纳米管结构.  相似文献   

7.
曹永  矫庆泽  赵芸 《物理化学学报》2009,25(11):2380-2384
以MgO负载的Fe为催化剂、正己烷为碳源、乙二胺为氮源, 用催化化学气相沉积法合成了碳纳米管(CNTs)和氮掺杂碳纳米管(CNx). 通过还原焙烧的Mg/Fe水滑石(LDH)和Mg(NO3)2/Fe(NO3)3前驱体得到具有催化活性的Fe催化剂(Fe-LDH和Fe-Mg(NO3)2/Fe(NO3)3). 由这两种催化剂催化合成的CNTs都具有中空的管状结构. Fe-LDH催化合成的CNx具有明显的“竹节”状形貌, 而Fe-Mg(NO3)2/Fe(NO3)3催化合成的部分CNx的形貌与“竹节”状不同. 该CNx具有厚的管壁且在管壁的石墨层与层之间存在大量的空隙. Fe-LDH催化合成的CNx中氮摩尔分数为6.3%, 高于Fe-Mg(NO3)2/Fe(NO3)3催化合成CNx中的5.7%; 但后者具有更多的缺陷, 石墨化程度更加无序.  相似文献   

8.
通过XRD、DTA和TEM方法 ,研究了不同温度下催化剂活性组分Co和Ni对化学气相沉积(CVD)法制备碳纳米管的影响。结果表明 ,在最佳反应温度 ( 65 0℃ )下 ,碳纳米管在催化剂Co Al2 O3 上的产率为 45 7g 1 0 0g·cat,高于在Ni Al2 O3 上的产率 3 42g 1 0 0g·cat。XRD分析表明 ,相对于催化剂Co Al2 O3 ,在Ni Al2 O3 上制备的碳纳米管石墨化程度更高。当合成温度从 65 0℃增加到 75 0℃时 ,在催化剂Co Al2 O3 和Ni Al2 O3 上生成的多壁碳纳米管的 ( 0 0 2 )晶面的层间距分别从 3 45 和 3 42 减小到 3 3 9 和3 3 7 。进一步分析发现 ,在焙烧或催化反应过程中 ,Co、Ni与γ Al2 O3 之间存在相互作用且生成了新相物质 ,其衍射峰分别为 2θ=5 1 5 6°和 2θ=5 1 97°  相似文献   

9.
采用粘性胶状物作为生长单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)的催化剂前驱体, 在原子力显微镜下驱动废旧的硅探针粘附该种胶状物,随后进行化学气相沉积(CVD), 实现了SWNTs在硅探针末端的定位生长, 成功地制备出了SWNT针尖. 对SWNTs及SWNT 针尖进行了表征, 并对针尖的稳定成像条件进行了分析. 结果表明, 针尖一般由5-10 nm 的SWNT 管束构成, 伸出长度仅为几百纳米, 受热振动影响较小, 无需后处理即可稳定地成像, 成像分辨率与新的硅探针相当.  相似文献   

10.
Well-aligned open-ended multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) arrays were prepared via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method in porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates without depositing any transition metals as catalyst. Effects of the CVD temperature and heat treatment were studied in detail.Well-aligned open-ended MWCNT arrays were obtained at the CVD temperature above 600 ℃; when CVD temperature is reduced to around 550 ℃, CNTs, CNFs and other structures existed at the same time; no CNTs or carbon nanofibres (CNFs) could be found as the CVD temperature is below 500 ℃, and only amorphous carbon in the porous AAO template was found. Experimental results showed that the AAO template is catalytic during the CVD process, and it has the following two effects: to catalyze thermal decomposition of acetylene and to catalyze conversion of carbon decomposed from acetylene into CNTs or CNFs. Heat treatment could improve the graphitization degree, but it might also introduce new defects.  相似文献   

11.
    
Summary: We report mass production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with relatively high length and aspect ratio. We synthesized carbon nanomaterials by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of methane as the feeding gas on Fe/Mo nanoparticles that use alumina-aerogel support. Alumina-aerogel-supported Fe/Mo catalyst was prepared using sol-gel. Drying step performed using rotary evaporation and freeze-drying. CVD was performed using a quartz tube furnace. Samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy.  相似文献   

12.
以二环戊二烯和二茂铁为前驱体,通过化学气相沉积法可控地制备了多分叉的碳纳米管,在其分叉处观察到铁填充物。通过调变前驱物的比例、生长温度等条件能够有效地调变填充物Fe的含量。结果表明,前驱体中二茂铁的相对含量越高,分叉和填充现象越明显,说明铁物种在分叉形成中起重要作用。随着分叉次数的增加,支管的直径显著减小。  相似文献   

13.
王志  吴建军  梁吉 《无机化学学报》2006,22(7):1235-1238
采用化学气相沉积法(CVD),以二甲苯为碳源,二茂铁为催化剂,以沉积Al膜过渡层的不锈钢为基底,经过HF处理后,大面积合成了一种碳纳米管束状结构。使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和拉曼光谱(Raman)对样品形貌和结构进行表征。结果显示:合成的碳纳米管束直径为15~25 μm,长度超过500 μm,每根管束由大量直径为30~80 nm的多壁碳纳米管组成,这些碳纳米管沿管束轴线方向密实排列并相互缠绕,预示着具有较强的机械强度。结合实验对其形成机制进行了初步探讨。  相似文献   

14.
载气对注入CVD法制备碳纳米管和碳纳米纤维的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
张兵  郭燕川  陈丽娟  彭必先 《化学学报》2004,62(22):2253-2258
采用注入化学蒸气沉积法,在石英管壁上制备得到了定向的多壁纳米碳管和纳米碳纤维.在相同的反应体系中,采用不同的载气,得到的碳材料的形态有较大不同.经SEM, TEM及Raman等证实,采用氩气和氮气作为载气时,得到了内部填充铁的碳纳米纤维,而且具有较好的类石墨晶体结构;用氢气作为载气时得到了中空的碳纳米管.通过控制氢气和惰性气体的比例,改变了碳纳米管的直径分布.  相似文献   

15.
The nanocarbonaceous material with helical structure is considered to be promising as nanocoils. Both left and right-handed helical structures normally coexist and are disordered. So far, there has been no report about double or multi-directional helical structures on an individual nanomaterial. In this paper, Multi-directional helical structures were observed in an individual carbon nanofiber during the pyrolysis of acetylene at a mixture of C2H2∶H2=2∶1. It is possible to control and prepare multi-directional helical nanomaterial, and it can be used into new application area.  相似文献   

16.
基于最近SmalleyR.E.等成功地合成一端封闭、一端开口的单层椅型碳纳米管,构造了一类一端用C60的一半封闭,另一端开口的具有C5v对称性的单层椅型碳纳米管.在Huckel近似下,利用分子轨道图形理论讨论了它们的电子结构及稳定性.  相似文献   

17.
    
The morphological features of carbon nanotube (CNT) polymer composites and their influence on the effective modulus are evaluated. The considered features include bundle formation from the helical sub‐bundles made of individual CNTs. The formation of bundles is considered as a result of agglomeration of individual nanotubes above and below onset of percolation and is related to electrical conductivity. The proposed geometrical model yields a bundle diameter that agrees closely with that of the experimentally measured by voltage‐contrast method and scanning electron microscopy analysis of polyimide nanocomposites. The proposed micromechanical analytical model includes the helical structure of a bundle and provides close agreement of the effective Young's modulus of nanocomposite over a wide range of CNT content. It is shown that considering the helical structure of CNT bundles and its effect on bundle modulus is vital for predicting the effective modulus of CNT‐polymer nanocomposite.

  相似文献   


18.
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Bamboo-like nitrogen-doped carbon(CNx) nanotubes were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at a high reaction temperature of 600―900 °C. The butylamine and Fe/SBA-15 molecular sieve have been used as precursor and catalyst, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) observations show that the outer diameter and wall thickness as well as the inner diameter were increased with increasing reaction temperature in a temperature range of 600―800 °C. A synergism mechanism of the growth through bulk diffusion and the competitive growth through surface diffusion functions during the synthesis of CNx nanotubes was proposed.  相似文献   

19.
The molecular orientation of ellipsoidal C70 in carbon nanotubes is carefully studied by first principles calculations. Using (14, 7) single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) as a prototype material, we explored that the weak chemical interaction between SWCNT and C70 was the crucial factor to determine the molecular orientation. However, the small energy difference makes the distinguishment of two possible molecular orientations difficult. By simulating scanning tunneling microscope images and optical properties, we found that local electronic states sensitively depended on the molecular orientation of ellipsoidal C70, which provided a practical way of using scanning tunneling microscope to recognize the molecular orientation of ellipsoidal C70.  相似文献   

20.
    
Poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)/multi-walled carbon nanotube(MWCNT) nanocomposites were prepared by means of ultrasonic dispersion method. X-ray diffraction(XRD) results indicate that incorporating MWCNTs into PVDF caused the formation of β phase. A thermal annealing at 130 °C confirmed that the β phase was stable in the nanocomposites. Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) results indicate that the melting temperature slightly increased while the heat of fusion markedly decreased with increasing MWCNT content. The tensile strength and modulus of PVDF were improved by loading the MWCNTs. The scanning electron microscopy(SEM) observations showed that MWCNTs were uniformly dispersed in the PVDF matrix and an interfacial adhesion between MWCNT and PVDF was achieved, which was responsible for the enhancement in the tensile strength and modulus of PVDF.  相似文献   

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