中子星物质中的K介子凝聚与三体核力效应

利用Brueckner-Hartree-Fock方法，计算了β稳定中子星物质的状态方程以及三体核力的影响，特别是研究了三体核力对中子星物质中K介子凝聚的影响. 结果表明三体核力对β稳定中子星物质中出现K介子凝聚的临界密度以及中子星物质中各种粒子所占的比例均有重要影响. 三体核力的主要作用是降低了中子星物质中出现K介子凝聚的临界密度并使K凝聚相中的核物质更加接近于对称核物质.     

δ介子对确定K介子有效质量的影响

运用密度相关的平均场理论,分析了耦合常数随密度的变化及其对核子有效质量的影响.尤其引入δ介子后,质子和中子的同位旋效应得到体现,使非对称核物质中质子和中子的有效质量出现差别,从而对标量密度产生影响.利用含δ介子密度相关的相对论平均场理论,计算了在对称和非对称核物质中标量密度ρ_S和矢量密度ρ_B的关系,并由此研究了K介子有效质量随核物质密度的变化,分析了密度相关的耦合常数以及核物质非对称参数对K介子有效质量产生影响的大小,并与在耦合常数不依赖于核物质密度的情况下进行了比较.     

等效的DBHF方法研究有限核性质

利用等效的Dirac Brueckner Hartree-Fock(DBHF)方法,即用密度相关的核子–介子耦合常数在相对论平均场近似下,考虑了重排列项,研究了有限核的性质.介子–核子耦合常数的密度相关性是由考虑了核子短程关联的DBHF方法来确定的,要求在每个密度下用相对论平均场方法得到的核子自能与用DBHF得到的自能一致.计算了核物质性质及有限核基态性质,并着重讨论了重排列项对Ca及Pb同位素链结果的影响.考虑重排列项作用后使计算的核电荷均方根半径增大,更好地符合实验值.     

奇异核物质中K介子有效质量

在Schaffner相对论平均场模型的框架基础上, 考虑同位旋矢量介子δ,扩展了强子动力学模型和单玻色子交换K介子-模型, 重新讨论了介子与重子和介子与K介子相互作用的耦合常数, 研究了奇异核物质中K介子的有效质量, 发现在奇异核物质中K介子的有效质量随密度的变化比在纯核子物质中的变化小. 同位旋矢量介子δ对在奇异核物质中K介子有效质量随密度变化有明显的影响, 但对不同的参数组, 其影响的大小不同.     

模型及其参数对确定K介子有效质量的影响

分别使用线性和非线性Walecka模型,讨论了重子标量密度ρS和矢量密度ρB的关系.运用相对论平均场理论给出了不同模型下ρ_S-ρ_B关系曲线.利用这些结果,分析了模型和参数组对核物质中K介子有效质量影响的大小,得到了不同参数组下K介子有效质量随核物质密度的变化关系曲线.同时计算了非对称核物质中K介子有效质量在不同模型和不同参数下的有效质量的曲线,并与对称核物质中的情况进行了比较.     

核内核子-核子弹性散射截面

通过对标量、矢量介子场引入动量-密度相关的耦合常数,能够同时重现核物质饱和态性质、能量依赖的相对论光学势以及核内核子平均自由程的实验结果.并用这套耦合常数计算了核内核子-核子弹性散射截面,结果表明,在某些能量区域密度依赖很明显而必须加以考虑.     

Pentaquark Θ+的介质效应

在密度相关的相对论平均场理论基础上, 假定Θ⁺通过交换有效的同位旋标量介子σ和ω与其他重子发生相互作用, 研究了强子在包含Θ⁺的奇异核物质中的性质改变. 讨论并计算了介质中的Θ⁺和核子有效质量及其对重子密度的依赖关系, 分析了Θ⁺在核物质中包含的成分大小以及核子的同位旋效应对奇异核物质性质的影响, 进一步计算了不同重子组成比例下奇异核物质的标量密度ρ_S和矢量密度ρ_B的对应曲线.     

中高能重离子碰撞动力学过程中的核物质密度,碰撞数和熵

该工作主要研究中高能重离子碰撞动力学过程中,平均场和核子-核子碰撞(包括自由核子-核子碰撞和介质中核子-核子碰撞)对核物质密度、碰撞数和熵的影响,以此来加深对原子核物质状态方程(EOS)的了解.为此我们在有介质和无介质条件下分别考虑软方程和硬方程,数值求解BUU方程计算了⁴⁰Ca+⁴⁰Ca在入射能量E_L=400MeV/A的中心碰撞(b=0fm)情况下各种物理量的时间谱.计算结果表明,核物质空间密度主要决定于平均场,受核子-核子碰撞的影响不大.而核子动量空间密度分布、碰撞数和熵同时受平均场和核子-核子碰撞,特别是介质效应的影响.而且这些因素对于以上各量的影响与入射能量密切相关.     

N-N关联和有限核相对论平均场方法

密度有关的核子-介子相互作用耦合常数是在相对论平均场近似下用核物质的相对论Brueckner-Hartree-Fock近似计算的自能参数化得到的.这种密度有关的相互作用考虑了介质中N-N关联效应,用这种密度有关的相互作用来研究有限核的基态性质,如单粒子能级,平均结合能,电荷均方根半径,与实验值较好地符合,同时还与其它模型的结果进行了比较.     

超子中子星性质的温度效应

从相对论平均场理论出发,考虑核子、超子和介子的相互作用,研究了温度对中子星组成粒子、状态方程和中子星质量等的影响.发现温度越高,超子在中子星内部出现时的重子数密度越低.当密度较高时,中子星的核心区主要由超子组成,即中子星转变成以奇异粒子为主要成分的超子星,并且这种转变受到温度的影响,温度越高,转变密度越低.由于超子的出现,中子星核心高密度区域的状态方程,对于不同温度,差别不大,所以有限温度中子星的最大质量都在1.8M_⊙附近.这与观测结果相符.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.