MgB2超导体参量的理论研究

在各向同性的双带GL理论的框架内,研究了块体MgB2的一些超导态参量:包括关联长度ξ(T),临界Cooper对速度υc(T),London穿透深度λ(T)以及临界电流密度jc(T)随温度的变化关系;并将穿透深度λ(T)和临界电流密度jc(T)的理论计算结果和实验数据作了比较,符合得较好.     

MgB_2超导体参量的拟和简化计算

关联长度ξ、临界Cooper对速度、London穿透深度λ以及临界电流密度jc与温度T的变化关系一直是二硼化镁超导体倍受关注的焦点。文中在各向同性的GL理论的框架内对以上参量随温度的变化关系通过计算机进行拟和,得出了数学形式相对简单、物理内涵又比较清晰的数学表达式,达到了对MgB2超导体参量拟和简化计算的目的。     

MgB2超导薄膜的微波测量

报道了利用蓝宝石介质谐振器技术测量MgB2超导薄膜的微波表面电阻Rs、OK时的穿透深度λ(O)和超导能隙△(O)．λ(O)和△(O)的值是通过先测量样品穿透深度λ(T)的变化量△λ(T)，然后由BCS理论模型拟合△λ（T)的实验数据得到的．测试样品是利用化学气相沉积技术在MgO(111)基片上制备的c轴织构的MgB2超导薄膜，薄膜的超导转变温度和转变宽度分别为38K和0．1K．微波测试结果表明在10K，18GHz下MgB2薄膜的Rs约为100μΩ，可以和高质量的YBCO薄膜的Rs值相比拟；BCS理论拟合得到的MgB2超导薄膜的λ(0)=102nm，△(0)：1．13kTc．     

Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8单晶的穿透深度研究

从Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8(Bi-2212)单晶临界温度下的可逆磁化强度数据中,考虑高温超导混合态涡旋线涨落对磁化强度的影响,得到穿透深度λab(T,H)的温度和磁场依赖关系.发现在温度远低于Tc时λab与温度存在T2关系.λab随磁场的增加而增加,且绝对零度下的穿透深度λab(0,H)随磁场H的变化符合经验式λab(0,H)=λ0[1+(H/H0)β] ,这里λ0、H0和β为常数.     

在二带京兹堡朗道理论下MgB2的超导参量的研究

文中通过G-L理论二带模型来研究相干长度ξ(T)、伦敦穿透深度λ(T)以及京兹堡朗道参量κ(T)=λ(T)/ξ(T)在Tc附近对温度T的依赖关系。理论计算结果与MgB2样品的实验数据符合的很好。同时与单带模型算出的结果做了对比,发现G-L理论二带模型能更精确描述MgB2的超导特性。     

MgB2超导薄膜的微波测量

报道了利用蓝宝石介质谐振器技术测量MgB₂超导薄膜的微波表面电阻R_{s、0K时的穿透深度λ(0)和超导能隙Δ(0).λ(0)和Δ(0)的值是通过先测量样品穿透深度λ(T)的变化量Δλ(T)，然后由BCS理论模型拟合Δλ(T)的实验数据得到的.测试样 品是利用化学气相沉积技术在MgO(111)基片上制备的c轴织构的MgB2超导薄膜， 薄膜的超导转变温度和转变宽度分别为38K和01K.微波测试结果表明在10K，18GHz下M gB2薄膜的Rs约为100μΩ，可以和高质量的YBCO薄膜的Rs值相比拟；BCS理论拟合得到的MgB2超导薄膜的λ(0)=102nm，Δ(0)=113k Tc.}     

超导体磁场穿透深度测量中的数据分析问题

讨论了目前在超导体磁场穿透深度λ测量中常用的几种数据分析方法.着重指出对于那些只能测量λ随温度的变化值Δλ(T),而无法测量其绝对值的实验而言,一种合适的数据分析方法对于我们从实验中得出正确的结论尤其重要.而微分归一法将有效地克服目前此类实验中常用数据处理方法的不足,从而实现理论与实验间的无参量比较. 关键词： 超导体 磁场穿透深度     

MgB_2超导参量的研究

采用二带Ginzburg-Landau(GL)理论模型,考虑到能带有效质量的各向异性,讨论了MgB2超导体的相干长度ξ(T)、速率υc(T)、伦敦穿透深度λ(T)和临界电流密度j(T)对温度T和角度θ的依赖关系.     

高温超导薄膜共面谐振器的微波响应研究

通过对YBCO/LAO和TBCCO/LAO高温超导薄膜共面谐振器共振频率f0与温度依赖关系的测量分析可以得到YBCO在绝对零度时的穿透深度λ0~198nm,TBCCO在绝对零度时的穿透深度λ0~200nm.对上述两种共面谐振器的有载品质因数和插入损耗随温度变化的测量,结果表明TBCCO超导薄膜比YBCO具有更低的微波表面电阻.     

超导薄膜磁场穿透深度的精确测量

磁场穿透深度λ是超导体的一个基本参数,目前,一般测试穿透深度的实验只能给出其变化量Δλ＝λ（Ｔ）－λ（０）,而不能得到λ的绝对值．并且由于测量精度的限制,用给定的理论模型拟合实验结果而得到的λ也有很大的不确定性．本文对此进行了详细的分析,并用双线圈互感法研究了超导薄膜穿透深度的精确测量,并给出了磁控溅射Ｎｂ膜的测量结果．我们的研究表明,这一方法能较为准确地给出λ的绝对值,从而避免了以往的测量及拟合所导致的不确定性．基于ＢＣＳ理论并考虑样品有限的电子平均自由程后,理论计算结果与我们的测量结果吻合较好     

Matrix string theory

Via compactification on a circle, the matrix mode] of M-theory proposed by Banks et a]. suggests a concrete identification between the large N limit of two-dimensional N = 8 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory and type IIA string theory. In this paper we collect evidence that supports this identification. We explicitly identify the perturbative string states and their interactions, and describe the appearance of D-particle and D-membrane states.     

Method of categorical extension of Cayley-Klein groups

The method of categorical extension of the Cayley-Klein groups is developed. The method uses the Cayley-Klein spaces as objects of the Cayley-Klein category endowed with all possible linear relations or bilinear forms as morphisms. Presented at the International Colloquium “Integrable Systems and Quantum Symmetries”, Prague, 16–18 June 2005.     

Fluorescence versus laser effect: Towards a unified theory

A single evolution equation is established to treat the mechanisms of fluorescence and the laser effect, using a mixed representation, classical for the electromagnetic field and quantum for the dipoles. The model approach takes advantage of the principle of conservation of energy for the system of electromagnetic field and dynamic dipole. A resulting nonlinear differential equation is derived and is shown to sustain two fixed points associated with fluorescence and laser emission. The existence of a pumping threshold is confirmed for the laser effect. In particular the pumping rate determines whether light will be emitted by fluorescence or by the laser effect, and there is no pumping that engenders fluorescence and laser emission simultaneously. The initial physical conditions, chosen to integrate the evolution equation in time, assume a nonvanishing electric polarization of the emitting dipole rather than a nonvanishing electromagnetic field. The distribution function accounting for the thermal fluctuations of the random initial polarization is also calculated.     

第四讲 量子对策论

量子对策论是量子信息学的新兴分支,是经典对策论与量子信息学两门学科的交叉学科.由 于引入了量子力学中的量子叠加性和纠缠态,量子对策得出了与经典对策迥然不同的结果.     

Center-symmetric dimensional reduction of hot Yang-Mills theory

It is expected that incorporating the center symmetry in the conventional dimensionally reduced effective theory for high-temperature SU(N_c) Yang-Mills theory, EQCD, will considerably extend its applicability towards the deconfinement transition. The construction of such a center-symmetric effective theory for the case of two colors is reviewed and lattice simulation results are presented. The simulations demonstrate that unlike EQCD, the new center-symmetric theory undergoes a second order confining phase transition in complete analogy with the full theory.     

The propagation of infinitesimal disturbances in an ultrarelativistic gas according to the method of elementary solutions

It has recently been shown that a linearized relativistic BGK model can be reduced, in the ultrarelativistic limit, to a system of three uncoupled transport equations for thermal, sound, and shear waves. The equation describing the propagation of thermal waves is the well-known one-speed neutron transport with isotropic scattering in the conservative case. In this paper the solution of the half-space problem for the equation describing the propagation of shear and sound waves is given according to Case's elementary solutions method.     

Asymptotic Completeness for a Renormalized Nonrelativistic Hamiltonian in Quantum Field Theory: The Nelson Model

Scattering theory for the Nelson model is studied. We show Rosen estimates and we prove the existence of a ground state for the Nelson Hamiltonian. Also we prove that it has a locally finite pure point spectrum outside its thresholds. We study the asymptotic fields and the existence of the wave operators. Finally we show asymptotic completeness for the Nelson Hamiltonian.     

Dual Actions for Born-Infeld and Dp-Brane Theories

Dual actions with respect to U（1） gauge fields for the Born-Infeld and Dp-brane theories are reexamined. Taking into account an additional condition, i.e. a corollary to the field equation of the auxiliary metric, one obtains an alternative dual action that does not involve the infinite series in the auxiliary metric given by [M. Abou Zeid and C.M. Hull, Phys. Lett. B 428 （1998） 277], but just picks out the first term from the series formally. New effective interactions of the theories are revealed. That is, the new dual action gives rise to an effective interaction in terms of one interaction term rather than infinitely many terms of different （higher） orders of interactions physically. HOwever, the price paid for eliminating the infinite series is that the new action is not quadratic but highly nonlinear in the Hodge dual of a （p - 1）-form field strength. This non-linearity is inevitable under the requirement that the two dual actions are equivalent.     

晶体的X射线衍射理论--劳厄与埃瓦尔德的遗产

文章概述了晶体X射线衍射理论的发展过程，介绍了不同形式的衍射几何理论、劳厄方程、布拉格方程与埃瓦尔德作图法，讨论了它们之间的异同之处．文章还介绍了运动学衍射理论和不同形式的动力学衍射理论，后者包括达尔文的简化处理、埃瓦尔德的表述和劳厄的表述，并对其物理后果进行了讨论，强调了动力学理论所预言的电磁波在周期结构中传播所引起的能隙．