Immobilization of chiral oxazaborolidine catalyst over highly ordered 3D mesoporous silica with Ia3d symmetry for enantioselective reduction of prochiral ketone

Here we demonstrate for the first time the encapsulation of a chiral oxazaborolidine complex in the 3D mesoporous channels of an amine functionalized KIT-6 material via covalent bonding through a post-synthetic approach. The physico-chemical properties of the pure and immobilized KIT-6 catalysts were obtained by various techniques such as XRD, nitrogen adsorption, HRSEM, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and FT-IR spectroscopy. It has been found that the structural stability of the KIT-6 was not affected even after the immobilization of a significant amount of chiral ligand inside the mesoporous channels of the support. However, the values of structural parameters such as the specific surface area and the specific pore volume of the KIT-6 support was significantly lower than the pure KIT-6 support. The chemical interaction between the chiral ligand inside the mesochannels and the KIT-6 support was also confirmed by UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy. The chiral catalytic performance of the immobilized catalysts for the enantioselective reduction of aromatic prochiral ketones was demonstrated and the results were compared with chiral catalyst immobilized supports with uni-dimensional porous structures, such as MCM-41 and SBA-15. Among the catalysts studied, chiral catalyst immobilized KIT-6 showed the highest performance with a high product yield and a high enantioselectivity due to its 3D porous structure with two continuous and interpenetrating systems of chiral channels and an interwoven 3D cylindrical type pores of Ia3d symmetry. The catalyst also exhibited much better recycling capability than other chiral catalyst supported mesoporous materials used in the study.     

Robust hydrogen production from HCOOH over amino-modified KIT-6-confined PdIr alloy nanoparticles

Formic acid（FA）, which can be produced via CO2reduction and biomass conversion, has received extensive interest as a convenient and safe hydrogen carrier due to its wide range of sources, renewable,high hydrogen content（4.4 wt%）, and convenient storage/transportation. Designing highly efficient catalysts is the main challenge to realize the hydrogen production from FA. In this work, well-dispersed and electron-rich Pd Ir alloy nanoparticles with a size of 1.8 nm are confined in amino-modified 3D...     

介孔Ru-PPh2-KIT-6催化剂应用于水相中烯丙醇异构化的研究

以2-(二苯基膦)乙基三乙氧基硅烷和正硅酸乙酯为混合硅源,运用延时共缩聚法制备带有二苯基膦(PPh2-)修饰配体的KIT-6型介孔氧化硅材料,通过络合Ru(II)获得固载化Ru(II)有机金属催化剂(Ru-PPh2-KIT-6),该催化剂具有规整介孔结构.在水相烯丙醇异构化反应中显示高活性和高选择性,催化性能接近均相催化剂,活性相与载体结合牢固,能够重复使用5次以上.     

Electrical double-layer capacitor performance of nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon prepared by nanotemplating method

In this work, the electrical double-layer capacitive properties of nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbons (N-OMCs) were investigated. Ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) with 3D body-centered Ia3d structure has been prepared by KIT-6 mesoporous silica as a hard template with aniline for N-OMC and sucrose for Su-OMC as a carbon precursor. Using the different carbon precursor, moderate amounts of nitrogen atoms could be doped to the OMC structures. The obtained materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K, elemental analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Prepared OMCs had mesopore properties such as a high surface area with narrow pore-size distribution. From cyclic voltammograms (CVs) test, N-OMC compared to Su-OMC exhibit higher capacitance and fast charge/discharge characteristics, which results from their pseudo-capacitive effect of incorporated nitrogen atoms. It was thought that N-OMC prepared by the nanotemplating method with KIT-6 and aniline were suitable electrode materials for electrical double-layer capacitors.     

不同金属改性Ni/KIT-6催化剂的制备及其甲烷化性能研究

采用共浸渍法分别制备了用Mg、Ce、V、La金属改性的Ni/KIT-6催化剂,用于CO₂甲烷化反应的研究。利用N₂吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、H₂程序升温还原、H₂程序升温脱附、透射电镜手段对催化剂进行了表征,考查了不同金属助剂对Ni/KIT-6的影响。结果表明,在KIT-6载体上活性金属和助剂的分散度都非常高,Ni粒子的分散度主要取决于KIT-6载体高度有序的介孔结构的限域作用,不受助剂金属添加的影响。各助剂金属的加入几乎不影响Ni/KIT-6催化剂的表面形貌,但对Ni金属还原的难易程度和还原度有影响。在研究的几种金属中,V金属使催化剂中Ni金属的还原最容易,还原度更高,且V金属的氧化物具有改变CO₂反应机理的作用,使得甲烷化反应进行的最好。用V改性后的催化剂与未改性的催化剂相比,CO₂的转化率提高了3.7%,CH₄的选择性提高了11.6%,CH₄的选择性达到了100%。     

Highly ordered mesoporous Cr2O3 materials with enhanced performance for gas sensors and lithium ion batteries

Highly ordered mesoporous Cr(2)O(3) materials with high specific surface area and narrow pore size distribution were successfully prepared by a vacuum assisted impregnation method. Both 2-dimensional hexagonal and 3-dimensional cubic Cr(2)O(3) mesoporous replicas from SBA-15 and KIT-6 templates exhibit enhanced performance for gas sensors and lithium ion batteries, compared to the bulk Cr(2)O(3) counterpart.     

KIT-1介孔分子筛的化学修饰及吸附性能

介孔分子筛MCM-41具有较大、可调的孔径和较高的比表面积，其骨架组成具有较强的可调变性．为该材料的应用提供了很大的空间。但全硅MCM-41分子筛在潮湿空气中，即使在室温条件下也会发生水解反应，使其介孔结构遭到破坏。前人已针对MCM-41分子筛稳定性不足的问题相继合成了稳定性较高的介孔分子筛KIT-1,     

Structural and sorption properties of carbon replicas obtained by matrix carbonization of organic precursors in SBA-15 and KIT-6

We have carried out a comparative study of matrix carbonization of some organic precursors (sucrose, polydivinylbenzene, polyphenol-formaldehyde, polyacrylonitrile, acetonitrile) in SBA-15 and KIT-6 silica mesoporous molecular sieves. We have shown that carbon mesoporous molecular sieves of the CMK-8 type, obtained in KIT-6 mesopores, have better adsorption characteristics due to the features of the three-dimensional cubic structure, the larger pore volume and thickness of the walls of the framework. The maximum micropore volume is observed in CMK-3 and CMK-8, obtained by carbonization of polyphenol-formaldehyde and polydivinylbenzene, while the greatest specific surface area is observed on carbonization of sucrose, where the maximum hydrogen adsorption capacity is achieved at a level of ∼1.4 wt.% (77 K, 1 atm). We show that the mesopore surface coverage by hydrogen in carbon mesoporous molecular sieves increases as the degree of graphitization increases.     

真空辅助硬模板法制备三维有序介孔氧化钕

以介孔氧化硅KIT-6为硬模板,硝酸钕为金属源,分别在搅拌条件和真空条件下制备具有三维介孔结构的立方多晶氧化钕。采用XRD、TEM和氮气吸附-脱附技术对所得样品进行表征。结果表明,在真空辅助条件下制备所得的氧化钕较在搅拌条件下制备得到的氧化钕具有更规则的三维有序介孔结构,两者的比表面积分别为117和84 m.2g-1。     

Catalytic upgrading of lignin derived bio-oil model compound using mesoporous solid catalysts

The catalytic upgrading of a lignin-derived bio-oil model compound, the hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol, was performed using mesoporous solid catalysts. Platinum supported on silica and mesoporous silica (SBA-15 and KIT-6) were used as catalysts. The level of platinum incorporation and aluminum grafting did not alter the physical properties of the supports, such as surface area and pore size distribution. On the other hand, these treatments drastically affected the catalytic activities. A catalyst with platinum alone converted guaiacol to oxygenate compounds. In contrast, a series of catalysts with both platinum incorporation and aluminum grafting enhanced hydrodeoxygenation by converting guaiacol into hydrocarbons (cyclohexane and benzene). A comparison of the catalyst supports revealed the ordered mesoporous silica, SBA-15 and KIT-6, with high surface area, to have a higher hydrocarbon yield than conventional silica.     

介孔分子筛Ti-AlKIT-1的制备、表征与催化性能

分别采用直接(ds)和后合成法(ps)合成含铝的介孔分子筛Al(ds or ps)KIT-1。 以钛酸四丁酯Ti（OEt）4为钛源,将钛嫁接在AlKIT-1表面制备出Ti-AlKIT-1样品。 用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线粉末衍射、固体核磁共振(MAS NMR)、固体紫外 可见漫反射光谱（DRS）、能谱(EDS)和N2吸附-脱附对样品进行了表征,并以双氧水氧化环己醇为探针考察了样品的催化活性。 实验结果表明,分子筛Ti-AlKIT-1具有规整的介孔孔道结构,钛进入介孔分子筛骨架而成为四配位的骨架钛,铝的存在形式与样品AlKIT-1的预处理有关,经铵溶液洗涤的Al(ds)KIT-1中没有非骨架铝。 Ti-AlKIT-1在催化双氧水氧化环己醇反应中铝和钛存在明显的协同作用。 样品Ti-Al(ds)KIT-1表现出更高的催化作用,这与其具有较高的比表面积、较大的孔容和较高钛铝比有关,80 ℃反应48 h,重复使用3次后,环己醇的转化率降低至51.3%,仅下降4.31%。     

Shape- and size-controlled synthesis in hard templates: sophisticated chemical reduction for mesoporous monocrystalline platinum nanoparticles

Here we report a novel hard-templating strategy for the synthesis of mesoporous monocrystalline Pt nanoparticles (NPs) with uniform shapes and sizes. Mesoporous Pt NPs were successfully prepared through controlled chemical reduction using ascorbic acid by employing 3D bicontinuous mesoporous silica (KIT-6) and 2D mesoporous silica (SBA-15) as a hard template. The particle size could be controlled by changing the reduction time. Interestingly, the Pt replicas prepared from KIT-6 showed polyhedral morphology. The single crystallinity of the Pt fcc structure coherently extended over the whole particle.     

不同KIT-6老化温度制备的介孔MnO2孔径对其催化氧化乙醇的影响

乙醇既是一种被广泛使用的溶剂, 也大量存在于乙醇燃料车尾气中. 它是一种挥发性有机化合物(VOCs), 能直接参与光化学反应影响空气质量, 因此去除乙醇很有必要. 催化氧化法消除VOCs 是很有前景的技术, 其关键是催化剂的制备和筛选. 目前, 用于乙醇催化氧化的催化剂主要是贵金属催化剂(Pt, Pd, Rh, Au, Ag)和金属氧化物催化剂(Cu, Mn, Co, Fe),此外, 还有一些钙钛矿型催化剂. MnO2具有多种结构(α, β, γ和δ)和形貌(管状, 棒状, 球状和孔状等). 不同形貌和结构的MnO2具有不同的VOCs 催化氧化性能. 我们已经报道了介孔MnO2, 特别是三维有序介孔MnO2, 具有良好的乙醇催化氧化活性, 有一定的应用前景. 然而, KIT-6老化温度对介孔MnO2孔径的影响, 以及MnO2孔径对催化氧化乙醇活性的影响尚不清楚. 如果通过调整KIT-6老化温度改变介孔MnO2的孔径, 很有可能改善催化剂低温还原性, 氧物种和活性位等, 进而提高其催化性能. 本文以40, 100和150 ℃ 老化合成的KIT-6介孔硅为硬模板, 制备出不同的介孔MnO2催化剂, 分别记作Mn-40, Mn-100和Mn-150, 用于乙醇氧化反应中, 讨论了催化剂孔径对其活性的影响. 采用X 射线粉末衍射(XRD), 氮气吸附-脱附(BET), 扫描电子显微镜(SEM), 氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR), 氧气程序升温脱附(O2-TPD), X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对催化剂进行了表征. XRD 广角结果表明, 各催化剂均具有软锰矿型MnO2晶相, 其中Mn-40催化剂存在少量Mn2O3晶相. XRD 小角和SEM结果表明, 各催化剂均为介孔材料, Mn-100催化剂的有序度和对称性最好, KIT-6老化温度的改变使Mn-40和Mn-150的有序度和对称性降低. BET 结果表明, Mn-40, Mn-100和Mn-150分别具有三孔, 双孔和单孔体系. 随着KIT-6老化温度的降低, KIT-6的孔径降低, 而介孔MnO2催化剂的孔径增加. XPS 结果表明, Mn-40因少量Mn2O3晶相的存在而具有较多的Mn3+阳离子和表面晶格氧物种, 能增加催化剂氧空位的数量, 有利于氧物种的吸附, 活化和迁移, 从而增强催化活性. TPR 和TPD表明, Mn-40催化剂具有良好的低温还原性, 它的氧物种容易在低温下脱附并参与氧化反应. 催化剂活性测试结果表明, 随着介孔MnO2催化剂的孔径增加, 其活性增加. 催化剂孔径和活性从大到小的顺序为Mn-40>Mn-100>Mn-150. 以老化温度为40 ℃的KIT-6模板制备的Mn-40催化剂, 具有较高的乙醇转化频率 (TOF), 120 ℃的TOF 为0.11 s-1. Mn-40催化剂具有良好的乙醇氧化催化活性归因于较大孔径, 其孔径呈三孔体系分布, 最大孔径分布在1.9, 3.4和6.6 nm 处, 三孔体系的形成是因为催化剂孔道的对称性和有序度降低. 此外, Mn-40催化剂具有良好的乙醇氧化催化活性也归因于由较多Mn3+阳离子引起的较多表面晶格氧物种和氧空位以及较好的低温还原性.     

Mesoporous cobalt oxide for largely improved lithium storage properties

We report the microstructure,application for lithium-ion batteries of mesoporous Co3O4 prepared by modified KIT-6 template method.The sample was characterized by XRD,TEM,HRTEM and nitrogen adsorption.Their electrochemical behaviors as electrode reactants for lithium ion batteries were evaluated by cyclic voltammograms and static charge-discharge.A direct comparison of electrochemical behaviors between mesoporous nanostructure and bulk reflects interesting "nanostructure effect",which is reasonably discussed in terms of how the 3D nanostructures of Co3O4 materials function in tuning their electrochemistry.The results demonstrate that further improvement of electrochemical performance in transition metal-oxide-based anode materials can be realized via the design of multiporous nanostructured materials.     

合成后再处理法制备含Ti介孔分子筛Ti-KIT-1

Mesoporous molecular series Ti-KIT-1 samples were prepared by three different post-handling methods using Ti(OEt)4 as the Ti source and KIT-1 as the support .The three post-synthetic methods were impregnated method,grafting method and colloidal method.The Ti-KIT-1 samples were characterized by FT-IR,DRS,XRD,TG-DSC and physical adsorption-desorption of nitrogen.Experimental results showed that the Ti-KIT-1 samples remained the original mesoporous structure with a smaller specific BET surface area compared to the parent KIT-1 sieve.DRS and FT-IR indicate the existence of tetrahedral titanium (Ⅳ),TG-DSC and chemical analyse method proved that TiO_2 weight percentage of grafting sample is much more than impregnated and colloidal samples.The grafting method is a good post-handling method that can effectively make use of a titanium source and promise the original mesoporous structure.     

Host (Nanocavity of Aluminium-Incorporated Mesoporous KIT-6)–guest (12-tungesto(molybdato) Phosphoric Acid) Nanocomposite Material: Efficient and Reusable Catalysts for the Hosomi–Sakurai Three-Component Coupling Reaction

Abstract

The immobilization of heteropoly acids (HPAs) into the Al-functionalized KIT-6 mesoporous molecular sieve has been carried out to see the effect of Al-KIT-6 as a host matrix on the HPA activities. These modified mesoporous molecular sieves are effective catalysts for the Hosomi–Sakurai three-component coupling reaction via condensation of aldehydes, silyl ethers, and allylsilanes.

Supplemental materials are available for this paper. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements to view the free supplemental file.     

氧化钨介孔材料的制备与表征

以介孔二氧化硅(KIT-6)为硬模板, 硅钨酸为钨源, 用硬模板法制备WO3-SiO2复合材料, 再利用HF除去二氧化硅, 得到了介孔三氧化钨材料. 用X射线衍射(XRD)、能量扩散X射线(EDX)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、N2吸附-脱附等表征手段, 对制备复合材料的物料比、煅烧温度以及不同分散剂等条件进行了考察. 结果表明, 硅钨酸与硅介孔的物料比(m(WO3)/m(SiO2))在3:1到4:1之间, 在600-750 ℃下煅烧, 能制备结构较好的介孔氧化钨. 乙醇和蒸馏水为分散剂时, 用乙醇为分散剂所得的介孔WO3材料具有更高的比表面积和孔体积.     

Ti接枝KIT-1对苯羟化反应的化学亲和选择性及化学稳定性研究

以合成后表面接枝的方式制备了长程结构和孔结构均较好的Ti接枝KIT-1催化 剂,将其用于苯羟化反应,研究了Ti接枝KIT-1催化剂的苯羟化学性能和稳定性, 结果发现：Ti接枝KIT-1催化剂对苯羟化过程表现出化学亲和选择性,即使在过氧 化氢过量的条件下,也可避免深度氧化的进行;Ti接枝KIT-1催化剂在苯羟化过程 中表现出较好的结构稳定性。     

Highly dispersed Cu supported on mesoporous Al-KIT-6 for oxidative carbonylation of methanol to dimethyl carbonate

Microporous NaY zeolite is a common support of Cu catalysts for oxidative carbonylation of methanol, but the dispersion of Cu species on NaY is usually subjected to its micropore size. Here, ordered mesoporous KIT-6 was employed as the support for Cu catalyst and Al was incorporated into its framework to increase the surface acidity, which eventually improves the surface exchange capacity and Cu dispersion. The evolution of the state of Cu species on KIT-6 was analyzed combined with control of Cu loading. The physicochemical properties of the supports and corresponding catalysts were characterized by N₂ adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction, ammonia temperature programmed desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectra, transmission electron microscopy, hydrogen temperature programmed reduction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that mesoporous KIT-6 showed better Cu dispersion than microporous NaY zeolite. Agglomerated CuO, dispersed CuO, and Cu²⁺ are the major Cu species observed on the catalyst surface. The increased surface acidic sites of KIT-6 by Al incorporation promoted the formation of Cu²⁺ and dispersion of CuO. With the increase in Cu loading, the Cu²⁺ content in the catalyst was decreased gradually along with increase in the bulk CuO. It was speculated that some exchanged Cu²⁺ could be transformed into highly dispersed CuO and even bulk CuO after calcination at a high Cu loading. Combined with the catalyst evaluation results, it was deduced that highly dispersed Cu²⁺ and CuO particles play significant roles in catalytic activity. The catalyst Cu/Al-K-10 achieved the highest space time yield of dimethyl carbonate of 135.4 mg/(g·h), which is 2.7 times the Cu/K-10 owing to its more dispersed Cu species. This laid the basis for preparing highly dispersed Cu species on mesoporous silica supports.     

Comparison of ordered mesoporous materials sorption properties towards amino acids

The adsorption of amino acids such as l-phenylalanine and l-histidine was carried out on a series of mesoporous carbons obtained with the use ordered silicas KIT-6, SBA-16, SBA-15 as templates and furfuryl alcohol as carbon precursor. Small angle XRD analysis confirmed the ordered mesoporous structures of all materials obtained. They were also characterised by well-developed surface areas and high pore volumes. Adsorption behaviour of amino acids on ordered mesoporous carbons was investigated in potassium phosphate buffer solutions with adjustable l-phenylalanine and l-histidine concentration, ion strength, and pH. The highest sorption capacity towards the amino acids were observed at pH close to the isoelectric point of l-phenylalanine (pI = 5.48) and l-histidine (pI = 7.59). Electrostatic, hydrophobic and steric interactions had very strong effect on the adsorption of amino acids on mesoporous carbons. The amount of l-phenylalanine and l-histidine adsorbed decreased in the following sequence: C_KIT-6 > C_SBA-16 > C_SBA-15 that was strongly related to their structure, surface areas and average pore diameters.