用腔内半导体可饱和吸收镜钛宝石激光器中自锁模状态的实验研究

用可饱和吸收体镜(SESAM)的掺钛蓝宝石激光器能够稳定运转在三种不同的锁模状态,即可饱和吸收体被动锁模、孤子锁模加被动锁模和KLM锁模.分析了三种自锁模的机理和SESAM的作用.对SESAM实现KLM锁模的自启动机制进行了实验观察和讨论.从该激光器的KLM锁模状态,获得了小于18飞秒的锁模脉冲序列. 关键词： 半导体可饱和吸收镜 自锁模 钛宝石激光器     

克尔介质自锁模激光器的锁模启动及稳定性理论初探

描述了克尔介质自锁模激光器的锁模工作原理，建立了自锁模系统光强分辨率的概念，并指出了光强分辨率对自锁模系统的锁模启动和工作稳定性起着决定性的作用，通过合理控制克尔介质自锁模激光器的腔镜失谐角，可以提高系统的光强分辨率，从而使自锁模系统易于自锁模启动并提高其自锁模工作的稳定性。     

环形腔自锁模掺钛蓝宝石激光器

实现了环形腔掺钛蓝宝石激光器的自锁模运转。在双向同时锁模时获得脉宽为３６ｆｓ的锁模脉冲；在单向锁模时得到脉宽为３２ｆｓ的锁模脉冲。并对激光器的运转特性进行了分析。     

激光陀螺锁区误差控制技术研究

通过分析激光陀螺锁区的形成因为,给出了进行锁区控制的基本方法.对锁区误差检测补偿、锁区调制、锁区信号伺服控制三种方案基本原理进行了说明,通过对三种方案的特点进行对比分析,得出锁区信号伺服控制为最佳控制方案,并给出了基于该方案的工程实现方法,具有较好的应用前景.     

正色散激光器中的增益导引孤子

采用非线性薛定谔方程模拟了全正色散介质激光器中实现脉冲锁模输出的动态过程,理论表明,不同于工作于净色散为负的孤子锁模激光器以及腔内具有色散延迟线净色散为正的色散管理孤子和自相似脉冲锁模激光器,在纯正色散介质构成的锁模激光器中,增益饱和和增益窄化对形成稳定的锁模脉冲起重要的作用,在两者的作用下脉冲形成增益导引孤子.采用不同的锁模方式在纯正色散光纤锁模激光器中得到了稳定的增益导引孤子锁模,实验结果与理论模拟一致. 关键词： 锁模 正色散 增益导引孤子     

半导体可饱和吸收镜实现固体激光器皮秒锁模的机理研究

对半导体可饱和吸收镜(SESAM)实现固体激光器皮秒锁模的机理进行了研究。通过对染料锁模介质和SESAM的结构对比,对SESAM皮秒锁模机理提出了一个新的解释。其在锁模激光器中充当锁模器件时,不仅仅是一个吸收体,同时也是一个增益介质。当腔内增益和损耗保持平衡时实现稳定的连续锁模。     

机抖激光陀螺锁区补偿的理论研究

二频机抖陀螺具有较高的精度,但在每个抖动周期需要两次通过锁区,会丢失部分信息,从而带来了过锁误差.噪声注入只能将误差随机化,并不能从根本上消除误差.根据锁区方程阐述了锁区对机抖陀螺精度的影响.对二频机抖陀螺的锁区补偿方案进行了理论研究.采用零速率点恒加速近似得到了过锁误差的信号表征方法.数值分析表明该锁区补偿方法在各种...     

Er3+-Yb3+共掺杂光纤环型腔被动谐波锁模激光器

 报道了Er³⁺-Yb³⁺共掺杂光纤作为增益介质的环型腔光纤激光器。利用光纤的非线性偏振旋转效应产生可饱和吸收体的锁模机制,通过调整泵浦功率,调节偏振控制器的状态,实现了连续基波锁模和高阶谐波锁模两种稳定的锁模运转状态。其中连续基波锁模重复频率15.89 MHz,中心波长为1.557 nm,光谱宽度为9.9 nm。二阶谐波锁模重复率为31.79 MHz,三阶谐波锁模脉冲重复率为46.99 MHz。观察到了调Q锁模和调Q脉冲序列,给出了各种运转状态的实验结果并对多种锁模机理作了简要的分析。     

用表面态型半导体可饱和吸收镜实现Yb∶YAG激光器被动调Q锁模

制作了一种新型的半导体可饱和吸收镜——表面态型半导体可饱和吸收镜. 用表面态型半导体可饱和吸收镜作为被动锁模吸收体实现了半导体端面泵浦Yb∶YAG激光器被动调Q锁模. 在泵浦功率仅有1.4 W的情况下，获得了调Q锁模脉冲序列，锁模平均输出功率1 mW，锁模脉冲重复频率200 MHz     

激光陀螺锁区最小化控制技术

通过分析激光陀螺锁区的形成原因,给出了锁区最小化控制的基本原理.由激光陀螺谐振腔相向传播光束的输出特性,说明了常规锁区控制方案存在的缺点.从激光陀螺基本方程推导出锁区误差判别信号,提出了基于拍频信号和腔长信号迭加放大的高信噪比锁区控制方案,对交变偏频和常值偏频激光陀螺均适用.运用该项技术,实现了对某型激光陀螺的全温范围内的锁区最小化控制.     

Towards beyond-1 GHz solution NMR: internal 2H lock operation in an external current mode

We have commenced a project to develop a beyond-1 GHz solution NMR spectrometer using a HTS coil. Due to a small residual resistance present in the HTS conductor and joint resistance between conductors, a stable persistent current sufficient for NMR measurements is unlikely. Therefore, a current has to be supplied to the HTS coil from an external power supply. The ripple of an external power supply causes a field fluctuation which must be stabilized. In this study we show results of NMR measurements using a 500-600 MHz NMR in such an external current mode: the field fluctuations are stabilized by an internal 2H lock. The field fluctuation from the external power supply comprises a major field fluctuation component at low frequencies, 0.003-0.005 Hz, and superimposed minor field ripples at 2 Hz and 50 Hz. The former limits the time interval of the internal 2H lock, while the latter generates sidebands in the NMR spectrum. Sideband and baseline noise are controlled by appropriate selection of the feedback loop parameters of the lock. The quality of the 1D-solution NMR spectra observed in external current mode is equivalent to that obtained in persistent current mode. However, if the feedback loop time is as short as the gradient pulse width, refocusing of the NMR signal is lost and NMR peaks disappear. The 2D-NOESY and the 2D-HSQC spectra of ubiquitin in an external current mode have been acquired. The quality of the 2D spectra is equivalent to those obtained in persistent current mode; i.e. the internal 2H lock operates stably over an experimental time interval of 40-50 min. To realize a beyond-1 GHz NMR spectrometer, further investigations must be made of (i) the long term stability of a DC power supply, (ii) the enhancement of the compensation field limit for the internal 2H lock, (iii) the extension of the helium refill time interval, and (iv) a method to correct the field homogeneity in the external current mode.     

Efficient compensation of low-frequency magnetic field disturbances in NMR with fluxgate sensors

A simple stabilization scheme of B(0) magnetic field fluctuations is described. The method is based on external measurements of time dependent magnetic field fluctuations by fluxgate sensors and generation of a compensating correction current in a coil mounted directly on an NMR magnet. It is shown that such an approach efficiently eliminates relatively slow magnetic field variations with frequency up to approximately 100 Hz. In combination with a standard (2)H field-frequency lock system, the method enables acquisition of reproducible lineshapes and dramatically improves overall performance of a high resolution NMR spectrometer. The presented solution might substitute for the internal lock system in these case where deuterium lock is not available.     

一体化NMR波谱仪梯度-场频联锁-匀场系统设计

介绍一体化核磁共振波谱仪梯度-场频联锁-匀场系统的设计方案. 该方案使用嵌入式以太网、FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array,现场可编程门阵列)、EMI(External Memory Interface, 外部存储器接口)和高速串行总线等技术构建了基于以太网的通信系统和使用并行运算的控制系统, 并具备CAN(Controller Area Network,控制器局域网)总线通信的能力. 梯度放大器通过LVDS(Low-Voltage Differential Signaling,低压差分信号传输)接口与主控系统的梯度波形发生器连接,实现与谱仪工作站的交互. 系统采用插板式结构和通用性电路的设计方法,具有很好的扩展能力和适应性,能够满足不同谱仪的需求. 系统在11.7 T(500 MHz)NMR系统中进行了有效的锁场、匀场和梯度特性的测试,证明了该方案的可行性.     

固态样品中扩散的核磁共振测量

用脉冲梯度切核磁共振测量固态样品中的扩散遇到很多困难,对于一个不用内锁的电磁体系统,观测到脉冲场梯度过后涡流造成样品处的磁场强度的强烈振荡.提出了一个用该系统测量凝胶聚合物中锂离子扩散可获得较好结果的脉冲序列.     

Quantitative 2H NMR spectroscopy with 1H lock extender

An inexpensive external unit that allows the use of the commercial high-resolution NMR spectrometer for (2)H observation with an (1)H lock system is described. The external unit does not require any tuning, is extremely easy to use, and could be a cheaper and more straightforward alternative to the more expensive (19)F lock configuration. An application for the quantitative determination of the natural isotopic ratio (2)H/(1)H of ethanol and acetic acid is reported.     

Chemical shift referencing in MAS solid state NMR

Solid state 13C magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra are typically referenced externally using a probe which does not incorporate a field frequency lock. Solution NMR shifts on the other hand are more often determined with respect to an internal reference and using a deuterium based field frequency lock. Further differences arise in solution NMR of proteins and nucleic acids where both 13C and 1H shifts are referenced by recording the frequency of the 1H resonance of DSS (sodium salt of 2,2-dimethyl-2-silapentane-5-sulphonic acid) instead of TMS (tetramethylsilane). In this note we investigate the difficulties in relating shifts measured relative to TMS and DSS by these various approaches in solution and solids NMR, and calibrate adamantane as an external 13C standard for solids NMR. We find that external chemical shift referencing of magic angle spinning spectra is typically quite reproducible and accurate, with better than +/-0.03 ppm accuracy being straight forward to achieve. Solid state and liquid phase NMR shifts obtained by magic angle spinning with external referencing agree with those measured using typical solution NMR hardware with the sample tube aligned with the applied field as long as magnetic susceptibility corrections and solvent shifts are taken into account. The DSS and TMS reference scales for 13C and 1H are related accurately using MAS NMR. Large solvent shifts for the 13C resonance in TMS in either deuterochloroform or methanol are observed, being +0.71 ppm and -0.74 ppm from external TMS, respectively. The ratio of the 13C resonance frequencies for the two carbons in solid adamantane to the 1H resonance of TMS is reported.     

自主研制核磁共振波谱仪的性能评估

主要介绍自主研制500 MHz核磁共振谱仪的性能评估情况,旨在建立一台功能完整的核磁共振波谱仪. 首先利用系统调试使控制台各个硬件单元在用户软件控制下实现NMR实验中的基本功能,然后通过性能测试保障功率线性度、信号稳定性和场频联锁的可靠性,实验验证了谱仪溶剂峰压制的效果,并获得良好的探头线形指标（0.43/5.46/10.73 Hz）和¹H灵敏度指标（信噪比为728∶1）,表明自主研制500 MHz核磁共振波谱仪系统能够满足常规核磁共振实验需求.     

基于ARM和CPLD的NMR谱仪前放控制设计

提出了一种基于ARM（Advanced RISC Machine,先进精简指令计算机）和CPLD（Complex Programmable Logic Device, 复杂可编程逻辑器件）的NMR（Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,核磁共振）谱仪前放控制系统设计方案. 该控制系统以ARM为控制核心、 CPLD为控制命令执行单元, 控制前置放大器和混频器的工作状态. 本电路包括以下主要功能：1) 前置放大器收发切换的门控信号电平转换;2) 氘梯度匀场时身频通道自动切换;3) 探头调谐的信息显示;4) 锁前放和混频器的配置. 该设计方案具有系统运行速度高、 控制灵活和成本低的优点,并且可以有效减小系统噪声,降低控制部件对前置放大器和混频器的干扰.     

High-pressure,high-resolution NMR probe working at 400 MHZ

Abstract

A probe for obtaining high-resolution multinuclear NMR spectra at elevated pressures with a Bruker AM-400 spectrometer is described. The probe is designed for pressures up to 200 MPa and has been used between -40 to 150°C. We obtain routinely a resolution of about 1 Hz for proton (400 MHz) spectra using deuterium as an internal field lock. This probe is easily interchangeable with a commercial probe. We also describe a simple sample tube made of a 5 mm commercial NMR tube and a machinable glass cap with a total volume of about 1 cm³.     

基于数值计算模拟的仿真核磁共振波谱仪开发

核磁共振（NMR）波谱是研究有机分子结构的重要工具之一，其设备昂贵、仪器数量有限、科研机时安排紧凑、教学实验机时有限；若学生的NMR理论和实验基础较为薄弱，则易发生误操作损坏设备或降低设备性能；另外，NMR实验涉及流程较多、教学耗时较长.因此，针对学生的NMR实验教学难以广泛开展.为将虚拟技术更好地用于辅助NMR实验教学，本文基于数值模拟仿真技术，开发了具备真实NMR波谱仪基本功能的仿真NMR波谱仪——VMRS1.0软件.VMRS1.0软件可实现真实NMR实验须进行的调谐匹配、匀场、锁场、射频脉冲调节、原始数据采集等操作步骤，以及快速傅里叶变换、相位校正、自动寻峰、积分、测距、化学位移校正等基本数据处理功能；除简单的1D ¹H和¹³C NMR波谱采集和数据处理外，还可模拟去偶、DEPT、HSQC等相对复杂的实验；另外，该软件可自行虚拟编辑¹H或¹³C NMR实验样品.VMRS1.0软件摆脱硬件条件的限制，实现了与真实NMR实验类似的教学效果，可以让学生通过反复操作调试，更充分地掌握NMR基本原理和实验技能，再配合在真实NMR谱仪上的少量实际操作，可达到更加令人满意的实验教学效果.