双向使用高非线性光纤实现同时解复用出两路10 Gbit/s信号

提出一种利用双向使用高非线性光纤(HNLF)实现同时解复用出两路信号的全光解复用方案.将复用信号和控制光的混合信号从HNLF的两端同时注入,复用信号中的某一路信号通过交叉相位调制使控制光产生蓝移或红移,在HNLF的输出端用窄带滤波器将控制光的蓝移或红移部分滤出从而同时实现两路信号解复用.理论分析了信号光和控制光在HNLF中的相互作用和解复用原理.搭建80 Gbit/s光时分复用系统,对双向使用HNLF的解复用结构进行了实验研究.在HNLF的两个输出端同时实现不同信道的无误码解复用,其中信道解复用的最大功率代价为2.6 dB.     

Upstream vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers for fault monitoring and localization in WDM passive optical networks

As wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks (WDM-PONs) are expected to be first deployed to transport high capacity services to business customers, real-time knowledge of fiber/device faults and the location of such faults will be a necessity to guarantee reliability. Nonetheless, the added benefit of implementing fault monitoring capability should only incur minimal cost associated with upgrades to the network. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a fault monitoring and localization scheme based on a highly-sensitive and potentially low-cost monitor in conjunction with vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). The VCSELs are used as upstream transmitters in the WDM-PON. The proposed scheme benefits from the high reflectivity of the top distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirror of optical injection-locked (OIL) VCSELs to reflect monitoring channels back to the central office for monitoring. Characterization of the fault monitor demonstrates high sensitivity, low bandwidth requirements, and potentially low output power. The added advantage of the proposed fault monitoring scheme incurs only a 0.5 dB penalty on the upstream transmissions on the existing infrastructure.     

Optical Communications Research Activities at COM RD1 Siemens S.A.

This article summarizes the research activities carried out by the R&D Optical Networks Communications group (COM RD1), at Siemens S.A., in collaboration with both universities and other research institutes. These activities cover various aspects of advanced modulation formats, all optical wavelength conversion, optical quality of signal monitoring in transparent WDM networks, routing, and wavelength assignment in optical networks.     

RoF downlink transmission system using FWM effect of SOA for generating MM-Wave

We propose a millimeter wave radio-over-fiber system to provide downlink service by using four-wave-mixing effect in semiconductor optical amplifier for millimeter-wave generation. At the central station, microwave source is 5.4-GHz. The optical carrier suppression modulation scheme and semiconductor optical amplifier are employed to simultaneously generate 32.4-GHz (sextuple fundamental) optical millimeter wave and up-convert data signal. At the base station, the downstream is received by a high-speed photodiode and base data are recovered by an electrical mixer. Theoretic analysis and experimental results show that the downlink 2.5-Gb/s data is successfully transmitted over 20-km single mode fiber with less than 0.15-dB power penalty.     

ATMOS (ATM optical switching)—system perspective

The expected traffic growth from new broadband services will require network capacities that can be beneficially provided by optical WDM transport networks. Optical packet techniques are essential for large networks to provide flexibility and granularity. A layered network architecture with a transparent optical layer and optical packet layers has been elaborated. Four switching concept options for large optical ATM switch fabrics in the public network and small access nodes are presented. The technology for the related key functions of space and wavelength switching was developed in the RACE ATMOS project and the feasibility of concepts and technologies was verified in four system demonstrators.     

Optical Communications Research Activities at COM RD1 Siemens S.A.

Abstract

This article summarizes the research activities carried out by the R&D Optical Networks Communications group (COM RD1), at Siemens S.A., in collaboration with both universities and other research institutes. These activities cover various aspects of advanced modulation formats, all optical wavelength conversion, optical quality of signal monitoring in transparent WDM networks, routing, and wavelength assignment in optical networks.     

Demonstration of all-optical format conversion from wavelength-hopping time-spreading to non-return-to-zero

We present a novel design for all-optical conversion from wavelength-hopping time-spreading to non-return-to-zero format using wavelength converters based on semiconductor optical amplifiers. The multi-pulse nature of the wavelength-hopping time-spreading signal is utilized to achieve efficient, high-performance format conversion without pulse replication. The operation is demonstrated with a power penalty of 1 dB. A novel, complete design for interfacing wavelength-hopping time-spreading networks to WDM networks is also presented.     

Penalty Evaluation Due to the Cascade and Frequency Misalignment of AWG-Based Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers in 10 Gb/s Metro Core Ring Networks

The performance evaluation of AWG-based OADMs due to filter cascade in 10 Gb/s WDM metro core networks is presented. The penalty for the through optical channels is investigated versus the laser wavelength drift and OADM temperature stabilization failure. Results are measured and extrapolated with simulation results to obtain the maximum allowable number of OADMs in the metro network.     

Improved chromatic dispersion monitoring technique

We consider and investigate an improved chromatic dispersion monitoring method using two RF tones with an inserted dispersion offset. This improved technique can be used to monitor both the positive and negative accumulated dispersion caused by optical fibers as well as other optical components in optical networks. We experimentally demonstrate that the monitoring range of the improved technique can be greater than 1150 ps/nm and the monitoring sensitivity better than 0.064 dB/ps/nm by selecting appropriate RF frequencies and dispersion offsets. Our investigations reveal that the RF modulation index should be greater than 10% but less than 20% so as to acquire a large monitoring range with a small power penalty. We also examine the CD monitoring errors caused by polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and self-phase modulation, and show that the use of a dispersion offset can effectively reduce the PMD-induced monitoring errors.     

Penalty Evaluation Due to the Cascade and Frequency Misalignment of AWG-Based Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers in 10 Gb/s Metro Core Ring Networks

The performance evaluation of AWG-based OADMs due to filter cascade in 10 Gb/s WDM metro core networks is presented. The penalty for the through optical channels is investigated versus the laser wavelength drift and OADM temperature stabilization failure. Results are measured and extrapolated with simulation results to obtain the maximum allowable number of OADMs in the metro network.     

Smart City Surveillance Through Low-Cost Fiber Sensors in Metropolitan Optical Networks

Abstract

A continuously growing number of municipalities has optical fiber networks supporting communications at their disposal. These fiber installations can also be utilized to convey low data optical signals from a large number of deployed sensing elements, usually positioned in critical infrastructure locations, providing a variety of useful information. Such information can be used in the context of a “smart city” to provide citizens with higher-level services or even to proactively ensure public security and safety. This work demonstrates a fiber sensing network based on low-cost fiber Bragg grating sensors that are able to appropriately oversee diverse monitoring parameters.     

基于PLC和无线传感器网络的光电监测系统构建

为了克服传统监测系统的不足,构建一种基于PLC和无线传感器网络的光电监测系统.在分析光电监测系统的构成及工作原理的基础上,探讨了基于遥测技术的无线光电传感器网络实现方式,研究了ABB PLC软硬件实现及FameView的开发的可行性.采用ABB公司生产的AC500 PLC作为主要控制器件,通过Modbus协议按地址依次轮询无线传感器节点来采集数据,对其进行相应处理,并将最终结果传递给上位机.上位机将获得的数据通过FameView组态软件生成监控画面,实时监测现场的运行情况.监测灵活、高效,数据采集效率较高,具备良好的扩展性.这种新型光电监测系统在企业生产、战场环境等许多军民用领域中具有重要作用.     

Metro Optical Networks for Homeland Security

Metro optical networks provide an enticing opportunity for strengthening homeland security. Many existing and emerging fiber-optic networks can be adapted for enhanced security applications. Applications include airports, theme parks, sports venues, and border surveillance systems. Here real-time high-quality video and captured images can be collected, transported, processed, and stored for security applications. Video and data collection are important also at correctional facilities, courts, infrastructure (e.g., dams, bridges, railroads, reservoirs, power stations), and at military and other government locations. The scaling of DWDM-based networks allows vast amounts of data to be collected and transported including biometric features of individuals at security check points. Here applications will be discussed along with potential solutions and challenges. Examples of solutions to these problems are given. This includes a discussion of metropolitan aggregation platforms for voice, video, and data that are SONET compliant for use in SONET networks and the use of DWDM technology for scaling and transporting a variety of protocols. Element management software allows not only network status monitoring, but also provides optimized allocation of network resources through the use of optical switches or electrical cross connects.     

Dual-Output Mach–Zehnder Modulator for Optical Access Networks

This paper employs dual-output Mach–Zehnder Modulator (MZM) for optical access networks without optical filters. Light waves generated from multiple laser sources are multiplexed and fed into dual-output MZM. Biasing the dual-output MZM at null point generates central carriers in one output port and first-order sidebands in another output port. Reflective semiconductor optical amplifier modulates both the central carriers and sidebands with wired and wireless data, respectively. The modulated optical signals are combined by polarization beam splitter and transmitted through 25-km single-mode fiber. The performance of the proposed scheme is proved by clear eye-diagrams and great bit error rate (BER) curves. Moreover, the power penalty at the BER of 10^-9 is less than 1 dB for both wired and wireless signals. Therefore, the proposed system simultaneously transmits wired and wireless signals.     

Experimental demonstration of polarization multiplexing for simultaneously providing broadband wireless and wired access

A fiber-based wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) network utilizing polarization multiplexing (PolMUX) is proposed to simultaneously provide broadband wireless and wired services. In such a dual-service access network, the wireless and wired services are separately delivered in two orthogonal states of polarization with well independence in a single WDM channel. The impact of several polarization-dependent interferences becomes insignificant due to the relatively short transmission distance in access networks. The feasibility of PolMUX is experimentally demonstrated with a power penalty at BER = 10^-9 of about 0.5 dB and 1 dB for 2.5 Gb/s wired and wireless downstream services, respectively. The proposed system is compatible with the current reported techniques in either WDM passive optical networks (WDM-PON) or radio-over-fiber (ROF) systems.     

多波长光交叉连接节点中的串扰研究

密集波分复用技术(DWDM)在提供传输能力的同时,还具有无可比拟的联网优势.光交叉连接(OXC)是其中的关键技术.由于OXC可对光波长进行全光的交叉连接,极大的提高了系统的容量.但由于在光链路上没有电的再生,使得噪音在光信道上积累起来,尤其是引入无法消除的同频串扰对系统造成了严重的影响.本文从全光通信网络(AON)的几种节点结构出发,讨论了信道的串扰机制,并对如何优化OXC节点结构进行了研究.     

Power penalty in multitone radio-over-fibre system employing direct and external modulation with optical amplifiers

This paper presents a multitone RoF system employing a central station and a remote antenna station to transmit modulated microwave or mm-wave signals. Two configurations of the system employing direct and external modulation are presented. First, at the central station, the modulating signal is directly and externally modulated at 1549.5 and 1550.5 nm, respectively, and the combined signal is then transmitted using wireless mode. In the second configuration, the combined signal is transmitted over 20 km to the remote antenna station using optical fibre connectivity. At the remote antenna station, both channel wavelengths are separated and amplified with an EDFA and SOA and are detected. The demonstration results show that there exists a small power penalty between the direct and the external modulation. But a large power penalty is reported depending upon the choice of optical amplifier viz. EDFA or SOA. Better performance is recorded in later case. The results also show that power is being distributed among the operating frequency and sidebands adjacent to it after transmission over a fibre link.     

复用器/解复用器滤波特性研究

研究了复用器／解复用器（MUX／DEMUX）滤波特性对光网络系统的影响。考虑了滤波器的带通特性，在噪声为高斯分布的前提下，分析了光网络节点对传输速率为10Gbit/s的光信号的影响。结果表明，光网络节点传输函数中央平坦区域的微小抖动（0．2dB-0.5dB），引起系统性能的严重恶化，最坏情况下功率代价增加2dB-6dB）；并且中央区域凹陷个数不同，对系统性能的影响也不同，引起功率代价的判别达到1dB－5dB。     

Investigation on performance of all optical buffer with large dynamical delay time based on cascaded double loop optical buffers

Optical buffers are critical for optical signal processing in future optical packet-switched networks. In this paper, a theoretical study as well as an experimental demonstration on a new optical buffer with large dynamical delay time is carried out based on cascaded double loop optical buffers (DLOBs). It is found that pulse distortion can be restrained by a negative optical control mode when the optical packet is in the loop. Noise analysis indicates that it is feasible to realise a large variable delay range by cascaded DLOBs. These conclusions are validated by the experiment system with 4-stage cascaded DLOBs. Both the theoretical simulations and the experimental results indicate that a large delay range of 1-9999 times the basic delay unit and a fine granularity of 25 ns can be achieved by the cascaded DLOBs. The performance of the cascaded DLOBs is suitable for the all optical networks.