基于非局部均值滤波与时域高通滤波的非均匀性校正算法

时域高通滤波非均匀性校正是一种典型的基于场景的红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正算法,但其易产生"鬼影"现象,影响校正效果.本文在时域高通滤波校正算法的原理基础上,分析了其校正过程中"鬼影"现象产生的原因,即由于全部图像信息的叠加而导致静止场景被滤除且运动场景会在当前位置留下反转的图像,从而形成"鬼影".引入非局部均值滤波方法,提出了一种去"鬼影"的非局部均值滤波-时域高通滤波非均匀性校正方法.该方法首先采用非局部均值滤波将图像信息分离成高低频两部分(其中高频成分含有大部分噪音及非均匀性),并使用高频成分进行时域高通滤波算法中低通输出的递归运算,使得低通滤波后的图像含有较少的场景信息,从而可使校正输出图像含有较少的"鬼影"现象.采用两组真实红外序列图像进行验证,结果表明该算法不仅能获得较好的非均匀性校正效果,而且能较好地抑制时域高通滤波算法中的"鬼影"现象.     

基于扩展全变分的红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正方法

针对传统的基于场景的红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正算法收敛速度慢和校正精度不高的缺点,提出了一种基于扩展全变分的红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正方法。在分析全变分算法的图像去噪性能的基础上,针对运动的红外图像序列,扩展了全变分的应用范围。通过最小化非均匀校正后图像的全变分,利用最陡下降法,得到计算增益量校正因子和偏移量校正因子的迭代公式。针对校正图像存在的鬼影现象,设计了一种自适应阈值控制的鬼影消除方法。实验表明:相较于目前已有的方法,该方法有效地去除了原始红外图像的固定图案噪声,较大程度地保留了图像细节信息,提高了图像质量。     

基于Savitzky-Golay加权拟合的红外图像非均匀性条带校正方法

针对红外成像探测器单元响应不一致等因素导致的图像非均匀性条带问题, 提出了基于直方图加权和Savitzky-Golay拟合的非均匀性条带校正方法。首先, 计算每列的归一化直方图函数并将其作为权值对图像进行加权运算;然后, 利用Savitzky-Golay滤波器对加权后的图像列均值和列方差进行拟合, 并将结果带入校正公式, 通过可调参数的迭代完成校正。实验结果表明:该方法能有效地去除非均匀性条带, 保留图像的光谱辐射信息和纹理细节, 各项评价指标均提高10%。     

基于多尺度分析和加权最小二乘法的非制冷红外条纹噪声校正算法

为了提高红外成像质量的同时更大程度地保持纹理信息,提出一种多尺度分析和加权最小二乘法的条纹噪声非均匀性校正算法.该算法利用加权最小二乘法对图像进行平滑,应用小波变换提取平滑图像的垂直分量,并将其垂直分量替换为原始图像的垂直分量,利用小波重构输出校正后的图像.算法能够精准地去除红外噪声,而不会带来更加麻烦的"鬼影"问题.用该算法对多组不同红外图像数据进行仿真实验,并与其他先进的红外条纹非均匀校正算法进行对比分析,结果表明所提算法校正结果有较好的视觉效果和图像质量评估参数.     

基于时域矩匹配的红外图像自适应非均匀性校正EI北大核心CSCD

非制冷红外焦平面阵列的响应非均匀性通常表现出与条带噪声相类似的特性。基于场景的校正算法是提高图像质量,补偿响应特性漂移的有效措施。在深入研究矩匹配理论的基础之上,提出了一种新的时域矩匹配非均匀性校正方法。利用相邻帧矩匹配后的图像对场景的变化列进行估计,并在时间域对校正参数进行自适应更新。利用真实的红外图像序列验证了该算法在收敛速度和去鬼影方面的优越性和有效性。     

一种新的基于平稳小波变换的红外焦平面非均匀性校正技术

在分析固定图案噪音频率分布的基础上,提出了一种利用平稳小波进行非均匀性校正的方法.选择合适的小波函数对红外图像序列进行分解,从而估计出非均匀性校正的增益和偏置系数,最终实现红外焦平面阵列的非均匀性校正.利用小波的多分辨性质,提高了低频部分的频率分辨率,有效的抑制了一般基于场景统计校正算法中易于出现的“人工鬼影”现象.用真实的红外图像序列进行了处理,实验证明了算法的优越性.     

基于时域矩匹配的红外图像自适应非均匀性校正

非制冷红外焦平面阵列的响应非均匀性通常表现出与条带噪声相类似的特性。基于场景的校正算法是提高图像质量,补偿响应特性漂移的有效措施。在深入研究矩匹配理论的基础之上,提出了一种新的时域矩匹配非均匀性校正方法。利用相邻帧矩匹配后的图像对场景的变化列进行估计,并在时间域对校正参数进行自适应更新。利用真实的红外图像序列验证了该算法在收敛速度和去鬼影方面的优越性和有效性。     

基于自适应扩散模型的单帧红外条纹非均匀性校正算法

针对红外焦平面成像系统存在列向条纹非均匀性的现象,采用了一种基于自适应PM扩散模型的非均匀校正新算法。首先,综合利用图像梯度信息和局部灰度统计信息,自适应计算PM模型的扩散阈值;然后将每列像素的PM模型估计值作为该列像素的期望值;最后采用最陡下降法迭代计算得到每列像元的校正参数,并对结果进行循环校正以提高校正效果。实验结果表明:该算法可以保护图像边缘信息,与同类算法相比,能够更有效地抑制条纹非均匀性,并且能够防止图像产生鬼影。     

一种改进型最小均方误差红外图像条纹非均匀性校正算法

受限于材料和制造工艺，红外图像中普遍存在着条纹非均匀性，其严重影响了图像的成像效果，进而对后续的目标识别、检测等工作造成干扰。典型的最小均方误差（LMS）算法在一定程度上可以抑制条纹非均匀性，但其场景适应性差，存在拖尾和“鬼影”现象。提出一种改进型的最小均方误差（LMS）自适应滤波算法对图像进行处理，利用双边滤波和最速下降法快速获取准确的校正参数，将前一帧算出的校正结果作为后一帧的初始输入值，提升算法的准确性，同时算法还增加了边缘检测模块以保留图像细节。采用不同场景下非制冷型探测器的真实红外图像，从主观和客观两个方面对比了本算法和经典LMS算法，结果表明，提出的算法可以很好地保护图像细节，也具有良好的场景适应性。     

国产非制冷红外探测器新型场景校正方法

现有国产非制冷红外探测器多采用挡板校正进行非均匀性校正，影响了红外探测器的观测效果与目标搜跟。为了拓展红外探测器的应用方向与领域，提出了一种国产非制冷红外探测器新型场景校正方法，通过改进的神经网络场景校正方法去除高频非均匀性，再通过时空联合的低频滤波去除低频非均匀性。应用该方法的某国产非制冷红外机芯，工作1 h后图像非均匀性为0.5%。该方法具有良好的校正效果，并且能够有效地抑制“鬼影”现象，有利于减少红外成像系统的体积与功耗，有利于国产非制冷红外探测器在航天、航空、武器装备等多领域的应用。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.