基于相位恢复算法的单强度记录光学加密系统

在传统的双随机相位光学加密系统的基础上,提出一种新的单强度记录光学加密技术。在加密时,将原始图像置于4-f系统的输入平面上进行双随机相位光学加密,利用CCD等感光器件记录输出平面上的光强分布作为密文,该光学加密过程只需一次曝光,在解密时,利用相位恢复算法进行迭代计算就可以由密文恢复原始图像。由于解密过程采用数字方式,因此可以在解密过程中引入各种数字图像处理技术来抑制散斑噪声,进一步改善解密图像质量。通过一系列仿真实验,证明该光学加密系统可以实现对二值图像和灰度图像的光学加密,并且能够很好地抵御已知明文攻击、选择明文攻击等方法的攻击。理论分析和计算机仿真表明,该光学加密技术系统结构简单,实现方便,并且不易受到各种攻击,安全性较高。     

用多重菲涅耳衍射变换和相位密码板实现图像加密的技术

基于多重菲涅耳衍射变换和相位密码板,设计了一种新的图像加密计算方法.待加密的明文图像在多重离散菲涅耳衍射变换和相位密码板的共同作用下,变换为一个具有随机码特征的密文矩阵;衍射距离和相位密码板是主要的密钥.只有当所有密钥都正确时,才能成功地解密密文.结果表明,该加密算法能抵抗JPEG有损压缩、图像剪切、重度噪音污染和重采样等攻击,因此该法具有较强的鲁棒性;由于很难破解多重密钥,所以该算法具有极高的安全性.     

一种基于随机相位板复用的光学多二值图像加密系统

利用随机相位板复用提出了一种基于干涉原理的光学多二值图像加密系统。该系统加密过程采用数字方法,解密过程既可以采用数字方法也可以采用光学方法。利用该方法可将多幅图像信息解析地隐藏于两个纯相位板中。解密时,通过分束镜将两个随机相位板的衍射场进行相干叠加形成干涉场,利用专用密钥对此干涉场进行调制,即可在输出平面上恢复出与该专用密钥对应的原始图像,此图像可以采用CCD等图像传感器件直接记录。该方法加密过程无需迭代,非常省时,且解密系统易于物理实现。利用相关系数评估了系统的加密容量,计算机模拟结果证实了该方法的有效性。     

基于深度学习的相位截断傅里叶变换非对称加密系统攻击方法

大多数光学加密系统都是对称加密系统,在光学图像加密中明文和密文之间具有线性关系,其系统的安全性有待加强.而基于相位截断傅里叶变换(phase-truncated Fourier transform, PTFT)的非对称加密系统,其非线性的相位截断操作使加密系统的安全性得到了极大提升.本文提出使用深度学习方法攻击PTFT加密系统,通过PTFT加密系统构造出明密文对图像数据集,然后将其输入残差网络(residual network, Res Net)中进行训练, Res Net自动学习该加密系统的解密特性.最后应用测试集对训练好的模型进行解密性能测试,数据表明该模型能够较好地恢复图像并且该模型具有一定的抗噪声能力.与两步迭代振幅恢复算法相比,本文所提出方法恢复的图像质量更好.     

基于频谱融合和柱面衍射的双图像非对称加密

提出了一种基于光学柱面衍射的非对称双图像加密方法.首先对两幅灰度图像作离散余弦变换,得到相应的频谱,分别保留两幅离散余弦变换频谱的低频数据和任意1/3的高频数据,并将其中一幅图的低频和任意1/3的高频融合为新的复合频谱,对其进行柱面衍射后进行相位截断生成振幅和密钥.生成的振幅与第二幅图像的低频数据进行相同的加密过程产生新的振幅与密钥.最后将新生成的振幅与第二幅图的任意1/3的高频数据融合为新的复合频谱,通过柱面衍射后的相位截断生成密文和新的密钥,其中密文变成了原图的1/4.对两幅512×512的灰度图像进行加密测试,结果表明重建图像的质量高,相关系数值均高于0.97,峰值信噪比均大于33dB.基于柱面衍射的光学图像加密克服了传统平面衍射的对称性,同时柱面衍射的内柱面半径、柱面高度、衍射距离可以作为加密系统的附加密钥,扩大了密钥空间,增加了系统的安全性.     

一种基于迭代振幅-相位恢复算法和非线性双随机相位编码的图像加密方法

提出了一种基于迭代振幅-相位恢复算法和非线性双随机相位编码的图像加密方法。该方法利用两个公开密钥和一幅"假图像"在非线性双随机相位加密系统中生成密文,接着利用迭代非线性双随机相位编码生成两个私有密钥。待加密图像和密文作为迭代加密方法中的两个限定值。解密过程则可以在经典的基于4f系统的线性的光学双随机相位编码系统中完成。该加密方法具有迭代收敛速度快、安全性高的优点。迭代该图像加密方法能够抵御最近提出的基于改进的振幅-相位恢复算法的攻击。理论分析和仿真实验都证明了此方法的有效性和可靠性。     

级联双相位密码系统中基于位置复用的双图像加密

级联双相位密码（CDPE）系统是一种包含两个纯相位板（密文板和密钥板）的重要光学密码系统,为了提升该系统的加密效率,提出一种双图像加密方法。加密时,将密钥板的轴向距离作为控制参数,提出一种新的迭代加密算法,该算法可将两幅明文图像加密至同一个密文板中,将传统的CDPE系统的加密效率提升了1倍。解密时,当密钥板分别处于两个设定的轴向位置时,可以在输出平面得到两幅不同的明文图像。采用数值仿真和实验验证了所提方法的有效性,并研究了密钥板两个位置之间的距离对解密结果的影响。对所提方法安全性的分析表明,所提方法对于暴力破解和选择明文攻击均具有稳健性。此外,所提方法可方便地推广至多图像加密,因此CDPE系统的加密效率可以得到进一步提升。     

基于叠层衍射的数字水印算法研究

基于叠层衍射成像原理提出了一种新的衍射数字水印算法:叠层水印. 通过双随机相位编码和探针, 实现对水印图像的分块加密, 密文经过衰减处理, 加载在振幅型宿主图像的空域上, 伪探针记录下宿主图像, 并加载到传输图像的相位上. 模拟实验结果表明: 首先, 叠层水印可以很好地提取水印图像的振幅、相位信息. 其次, 叠层水印可以解决水印不可感知性与密文信息提取质量之间的矛盾. 最后, 通过鲁棒性研究验证了: 叠层水印具有很好的抗噪声和抗剪切能力, 并且可以通过增加探针的数目和交叠率进一步提高其鲁棒性, 并给出其在GIF图像上的应用.     

双随机相位加密系统的选择明文攻击

在光学信息安全领域,双随机相位加密方法最引人注目并得到广泛研究,但由于双随机相位加密系统是基于傅里叶变换的系统,其本质上是一种线性变换系统,明文、密文之间的函数依赖关系比较简单,这就为其安全性留下了很大的隐患。双随机相位加密方法可以用光学和数字的方式实现,提出了一种选择明文攻击的方法,利用多个冲击函数作为选择的明文,成功破解了基于数字方法实现的双随机相位加密系统,并给出了恢复密钥的解析式,此方法最大的优点在于解密图像的无损性,并从理论上加以证明,给出了实验结果。     

强散射过程与双随机相位加密过程的等价性分析

薄层强散射介质的散射系统只会引起入射光波的振幅和相位分布变化,但不会导致总能量的衰减.这一过程可以看成光波被散射系统编码的过程,与双随机加密系统极为相似.本文首先证明了载有目标信息的光波在通过薄层强散射介质的散射系统时所产生散斑的分布特性,与双随机加密系统加密同一明文目标所得到的密文分布特性具有高度的相似性.然后,本文将该散射系统视为一个双随机加密系统,并利用相位恢复算法精确地计算出该散射系统所对应的两块随机相位密钥,同时证明了这两块密钥板还可以成功地从该散射系统所得到的其他任何散斑中恢复出对应的原始图像.最后,为了进一步证明二者的等价性,本文使用一种适用于双随机加密系统的唯密文攻击方法,成功地破解了薄层强散射介质的散射系统,得到了较好结果.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.