The mesomorphic anomaly of 4-[2-(4-alkoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)ethynyl] phenyl trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl-1-carboxylates

Four homologous series of 4-[2-[4-alkoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)ethynyl] phenyl trans-4-alkylcyclohexyl-1-carboxylates have been prepared. Their liquid crystalline behaviour was investigated by optical polarizing microscopy and DSC. Series A, B and C exhibit the nematic phase. The phase transition behaviour of series D is anomalous. The compounds of series D with a short alkoxy chain exhibit enantiotropic smectic A and nematic phases, while those with a long alkoxy chain exhibit only the nematic phase.     

Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of 4-[(4-n-polyfluoroalkoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)ethynyl]phenyl fluoro-substituted benzoates

A series of 4-[(4-n-polyfluoroalkoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)ethynyl]phenyl fluoro-substituted benzoate liquid crystals have been synthesized. Their phase transition temperatures have been measured by optical polarizing microscopy and confirmed by DSC. The results show that a highly fluorinated terminal chain impairs mesomorphic properties.     

Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of 4-[(4-n-polyfluoroalkoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)ethynyl]phenyl fluoro-substituted benzoates

A series of 4-[(4-n-polyfluoroalkoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)ethynyl]phenyl fluoro-substituted benzoate liquid crystals have been synthesized. Their phase transition temperatures have been measured by optical polarizing microscopy and confirmed by DSC. The results show that a highly fluorinated terminal chain impairs mesomorphic properties.     

Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of n-alkyl 4-[4-(4-n-octyloxybenzyloxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)ethynyl]benzoates

A new series of n-alkyl 4-[4-(4-n-octyloxybenzyloxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)ethynyl)benzoates have been prepared. Polarizing microscopic textural observation shows that they are liquid crystals with nematic phase.     

The synthesis and phase transition of 4''''-methylphenyl 4"-[(4-alkoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)ethynyl]benzoates

A homologous series of 4'-methylphenyl 4"-[(4-alkoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)ethynyl]-benzoates have been synthesized. Polarizing microscopic textural observation shows that such compounds exhibit enantiotropic nematic phase.     

Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of 1-(4′-ethyl biphenylyl) 2-(4-alkoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl) acetylenes

A series of l-(4′-ethylbiphenylyl) 2-(4-alkoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)acetylenes and their nonfluorinated analogues have been prepared. The polarizing microscope observation shows that the fluorinated target compounds exhibit enantiotropic nematic phases, whereas the nonfluorinated analogues show complicated DSC results. The effect of structure modification of the core on mesogenic phases was discussed by comparing the data of fluorinated target compounds with those of corresponding nonfluorinated analogues.     

Synthesis and mesomorphic behaviour of 4''''-methoxyphenyl 4"-[(4-n-alkoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl) ethynyl] benzylethers

A novel homologous series of 4'-methyoxyphenyl 4"-[(4-n-alkoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-phenyl]benzyl ethers have been prepared via Pd-catalysed Heck reactions. Polarizing microscopic textural observation shows that these compounds exhibit enantiotropic nematic phases.     

Crystallography and magnetism of 1-(4-[N-tert-butylaminoxyl]-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)pyrrole

1-(4-[N-tert-Butylaminoxyl]-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)pyrrole (BNPPF4) was synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography, electron spin resonance (ESR), and magnetism. It is unusually stable by comparison to related systems. Its crystallography shows strong twisting of the nitroxide group, and dyad π-stacking that is probably assisted by fluoroarene/pyrrole interactions. There are crystallographic nitroxide chains of >5.5 Å distance between nitroxides, and chains of nitroxide to tert-butyl contacts. BNPPF4 magnetic behavior is consistent with a spin-pairing model having 2J/k = (−)8.7 ± 0.2 K, but not with a simple 1D AFM chain model.     

The synthesis and mesomorphic properties of 4-n-alkoxyphenyl 4-[(4-n-alkoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)ethyl]benzoates

4-n-Alkoxyphenyl4-[(4-n-alkoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)ethynyl]benzoates (compound A) are synthesised by a convenient method. These compounds exhibit only enantiotropic nematic phases and have very high clearing points. These compounds (As) can be transformed into corresponding ethane derivatives, via hydrogenation using a palladium catalyst (Pd/C), which exhibit monotropic nematic phases. The effect of the ethylene bridge (–CH₂CH₂–) on the mesomorphic behaviour is discussed.     

Mesomorphic properties of 4-(polyfluoroalkoxycarbonyl)phenyl 4-(4-n-heptoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)benzoates

A series of 4-(polyfluoroalkoxycarbonyl)phenyl 4-(4-n-heptoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)benzoates were synthesized and observed using DSC and optical polarizing microscopy. The results show that they are not mesogens. Their mesomorphic properties were compared with similar compounds containing no aromatic fluorine substituents.     

Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of resorcyl di[4-(4-alkoxy-2,3-diflorophenyl)ethynyl] benzoate liquid crystals

Two resorcyl di[4-(4-alkoxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)ethynyl] benzoate liquid crystals (A10 and A12) were prepared and their mesomorphic properties were observed. A large polarisation value was obtained with longer terminal chains.     

Mesomorphic properties of 4-(polyfluoroalkoxycarbonyl)phenyl 4-(4-n-heptoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)benzoates

A series of 4-(polyfluoroalkoxycarbonyl)phenyl 4-(4-n-heptoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)benzoates were synthesized and observed using DSC and optical polarizing microscopy. The results show that they are not mesogens. Their mesomorphic properties were compared with similar compounds containing no aromatic fluorine substituents.     

Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of 4-n-alkoxy 4'-[4-((4-n-alkoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-phenyl)ethynyl)benzyloxy]benzoates

Two series of tolane-based liquid crystals have been prepared that incorporate a tetrafluorophenyl moiety and a flexible methyl ether bond into the core structure. The mesomorphic properties have been studied by polarizing microscopic textural observation and DSC measurements. By comparison with their non-fluorinated analogues, the effect of tetrafluorophenylene on mesomorphic behaviour has been discussed in this paper.     

Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of some fluorinated phenyl 4-[(4-n-alkoxyphenyl)ethynyl]benzoates

Eight homologous series of fluorinated phenyl 4-[(4-n-alkoxyphenyl)ethynyl]benzoates have been synthesized. Textural observations by polarizing microscopy and DSC measurements of the phase transitions show that most of these compounds are thermotropic liquid crystals with nematic and smectic A phases; furthermore, several show monotropic high order smectic phases. The results showed that the SmA phase is enhanced with increasing degree of fluorosubstitution on the para- and meta-positions of the terminal phenyl groups. The mesomorphic properties of these compounds are also affected by the direction of ester bonds. The effect of triple bonds is also discussed.     

Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of some fluorinated phenyl 4-[(4-n-alkoxyphenyl)ethynyl]benzoates

Eight homologous series of fluorinated phenyl 4-[(4-n-alkoxyphenyl)ethynyl]benzoates have been synthesized. Textural observations by polarizing microscopy and DSC measurements of the phase transitions show that most of these compounds are thermotropic liquid crystals with nematic and smectic A phases; furthermore, several show monotropic high order smectic phases. The results showed that the SmA phase is enhanced with increasing degree of fluorosubstitution on the para- and meta-positions of the terminal phenyl groups. The mesomorphic properties of these compounds are also affected by the direction of ester bonds. The effect of triple bonds is also discussed.     

Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of resorcyl di[4-(4-alkoxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)ethynyl]benzoate: a novel achiral antiferroelectric banana-shaped mesogen

Two resorcyl di[4-(4-alkoxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)ethynyl]benzoate liquid crystals were prepared and their mesomorphic properties observed and measured. Achiral antiferroelectric phases were seen with increasing length of the hydrocarbon terminal chains.     

Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of 4-[(4n-alkoxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)ethynyl]phenyl fluoro-substituted benzoates

Three series of novel fluorinated liquid crystals containing a 2,3-difluorotolan unit have been synthesized. Their phase transition temperatures have been measured by texture observation in a polarizing microscope and confirmed by DSC. The influence of the lateral fluoro-substitution is discussed.     

Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of 4-[(4n-alkoxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)ethynyl]phenyl fluoro-substituted benzoates

Three series of novel fluorinated liquid crystals containing a 2,3-difluorotolan unit have been synthesized. Their phase transition temperatures have been measured by texture observation in a polarizing microscope and confirmed by DSC. The influence of the lateral fluoro-substitution is discussed.     

Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of fluorinated phenyl 4-[(4-n-alkoxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)ethynyl]benzoates

Three series of fluorinated phenyl 4-[(4-n-alkoxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)ethynyl]benzoate liquid crystals have been synthesized. Their phase transition temperatures were measured by texture observation in a polarizing microscope and confirmed by DSC. Their mesomorphic properties and fluoro-substituent effects were studied in detail.     

Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of resorcyl di[4-(4-alkoxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)ethynyl]benzoate: a novel achiral antiferroelectric banana-shaped mesogen

Two resorcyl di[4-(4-alkoxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)ethynyl]benzoate liquid crystals were prepared and their mesomorphic properties observed and measured. Achiral antiferroelectric phases were seen with increasing length of the hydrocarbon terminal chains.