大气切伦科夫望远镜

两台自动跟踪大气切伦科夫望远镜已经在北京天文台兴隆观测站投入运行,它们用于寻找甚高能γ射线点源和研究点源的发射特性以及探测甚高能γ射线强度的空间分布. 本文介绍望远镜的结构和牲能以及在观测条件下的测试结果.     

一种大视场反射光学系统的研究

从Schwarzschild系统出发,基于设计大视场光学系统的同心原则,设计了一种大视场的三反射光学系统.该系统有两个球面反射镜,一个二次非球面镜,系统在频率50 lp/mm处22°×11°的条形大视场范围内具有良好的成像性能,可以用于紫外探测光学系统中.     

大视场红外导引头光学系统消热差设计

为消除温度变化对共形光学导引头像质的影响,利用光学被动消热差理论对具体设计方法进行实际分析.根据消热差条件选择合理的透镜材料组合,利用衍射元件特殊的光热特性采用折/衍混合结构进行消热差设计.采用椭球形共形整流罩结构减小空气阻力,降低导弹头部气动加热效应,利用三片式反远距结构实现短焦大视场系统设计.该系统工作波段为3～5 μm,系统F/#为2,视场角为±90°;凝视结构的导引头光学系统后工作距达22.8 mm,为制冷型探测器留有足够的空间;冷光阑效率为100％;在-40℃～60℃温度变化范围内,15 lp/mm处全视场MTF值均大于0.4,满足高准确度定位导引头系统对成像质量的要求,保证了系统的轻小型设计.     

大视场红外导引头光学系统消热差设计

为消除温度变化对共形光学导引头像质的影响,利用光学被动消热差理论对具体设计方法进行实际分析.根据消热差条件选择合理的透镜材料组合,利用衍射元件特殊的光热特性采用折/衍混合结构进行消热差设计.采用椭球形共形整流罩结构减小空气阻力,降低导弹头部气动加热效应,利用三片式反远距结构实现短焦大视场系统设计.该系统工作波段为3~5 μm,系统F/#为2,视场角为±90°;凝视结构的导引头光学系统后工作距达22.8 mm,为制冷型探测器留有足够的空间;冷光阑效率为100%;在-40℃~60℃温度变化范围内,15 lp/mm处全视场MTF值均大于0.4,满足高准确度定位导引头系统对成像质量的要求,保证了系统的轻小型设计.     

Prototype of a Meter-Wavelength Radio Telescope with Wide Field-of-View

Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute - The scheme and components of a wide field-of-view meter-wavelength radio telescope prototype developed based on an antenna array consisting of 128...     

傅里叶望远镜部分周期信号解调及对成像的影响

为了解决傅里叶望远镜高功率短脉宽激光只能包含部分周期信号的难题,本文提出多脉冲拼接技术并对其基本原理和应用范围进行深入研究.首先介绍高功率短脉宽激光与声光移频器移频带宽之间的矛盾,进而引出利用傅里叶望远镜传统时间解调公式进行部分周期信号解调存在的困难.然后给出多脉冲拼接技术的基本理论,推导出理想情况下移频频率、脉冲重复率和脉宽满足的拼接条件.进而详细分析移频频率稳定性和脉冲重复率稳定性对多脉冲拼接成像结果的影响,并通过计算机仿真研究一般情况下脉宽变化对多脉冲拼接成像结果的影响.最后得出移频频率和脉冲重复率对成像无影响,激光脉宽变化小于25％仍可识别目标轮廓的结论.     

傅里叶望远镜部分周期信号解调及对成像的影响

为了解决傅里叶望远镜高功率短脉宽激光只能包含部分周期信号的难题,本文提出多脉冲拼接技术并对其基本原理和应用范围进行深入研究.首先介绍高功率短脉宽激光与声光移频器移频带宽之间的矛盾,进而引出利用傅里叶望远镜传统时间解调公式进行部分周期信号解调存在的困难.然后给出多脉冲拼接技术的基本理论,推导出理想情况下移频频率、脉冲重复率和脉宽满足的拼接条件.进而详细分析移频频率稳定性和脉冲重复率稳定性对多脉冲拼接成像结果的影响,并通过计算机仿真研究一般情况下脉宽变化对多脉冲拼接成像结果的影响.最后得出移频频率和脉冲重复率对成像无影响,激光脉宽变化小于25%仍可识别目标轮廓的结论.     

The Application Potential of Silicon Photomultipliers for a Camera of a Small-Size Cherenkov Gamma-Ray Telescope for Reducing the Detection Threshold

Technical Physics - Source and noise signals in a new camera of the TAIGA-IACT Cherenkov γ-ray telescope based on silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) have been simulated. It is shown that...     

大视场激光接收机设计

 介绍激光指令制导和激光驾束制导的大视场激光接收机的设计原理,给出接收光场的数学模型,由斜入射平行光的衍射光场推出探测光学系统的视场角公式,根据1064nm大视场激光接收机技术要求,以聚光物镜型探测光学系统为例,探讨接收光学系统既须具备特大相对孔径,又须具备无晕接收性能的设计特点,采用窄带干涉滤光镜进行光学滤波降噪。给出一种适用于高重频(200kHz)工作的低噪声放大器的设计实例,介绍了低噪声放大电路的设计原理。测试结果表明：设计的大视场激光接收机的接收视场角≥±10°,、动态范围≥40dB,当放大器输出信号信噪比等于4时接收灵敏度Pmin=5.38×105W。     

Cherenkov excitation of surface waves

A theory of the excitation of surface waves by a fast charged particle moving in a thin homogeneous metal film surrounded by a dielectric medium has been proposed. The Cherenkov effect for the surface waves has been shown to occur at the velocity of particles one or two orders of magnitude lower than the respective velocity in a homogeneous medium.     

紫外像增强器分辨力和视场质量测试技术研究

为了对紫外像增强器的光学成像特性和视场质量进行分析,提出一种紫外像增强器分辨力和视场质量的测试方法。该方法是在具有典型波长254 nm的紫外光辐射光阴极的条件下,给像增强器施加工作电压,将测试分划靶聚焦在同轴反射式光学系统的焦面上,图像被缩小3倍并成于像增强器荧光屏上,通过调节物镜和目镜将图像调节清晰可见,借助放大30倍的视频显微镜观察图像能分辨的最低线对就是分辨力;用数码相机对荧光屏所成像进行拍照,经图像处理软件对所成像进行疵点大小和分区划分,给出视场质量测试结果。通过建立该测试装置,进行试验和结果分析,测量精度约5%。     

Field theory of dielectric Cherenkov maser

The effect of three-dimensional perturbed velocity and three-dimensional perturbed current density on the beam-wave interaction of dielectric Cherenkov maser is analysed by use of the self-consistent linear field theory. Three distinct cases are considered. First, the propagation of the electron beam in an annular dielectric liner enclosed by a loss-free conducting wall is investigated. The dispersion equation and the simultaneous condition of the beam-wave interaction are derived. It's clearly shown that the instability of the interaction results from the coupling of the TM mode in the dielectric lined slow-wave waveguide to the beam mode via the electron beam. And the coupling is proportional to the density of the beam. The growth rate of the wave produced by the electron beam are obtained. Then, the case of a relativistic electron beam guided by a longitudinal magnetic field in the same slow-wave structure is examined. The motion of electrons could be approximated to be one-dimensional when the simultaneous condition of the beam-wave interaction of dielectric Cherenkov maser is satisfied. Finally, the effect of the background plasma on the instability of the beam-wave interaction is studied.This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

双视场米散射激光雷达探测对流层气溶胶

介绍了自行研制的用来探测对流层大气气溶胶消光特性的双视场米散射激光雷达.该激光雷达采用两个具有独立接收视场的探测通道分别接收高低层532 nm的大气回波信号,可以兼顾低层大视场角低探测盲区和高层小视场角高探测高度的要求.叙述了该雷达系统的总体结构和技术参量以及数据处理方法,给出了合肥地区(东经117.16°,北纬31.90°)大气气溶胶消光系数廓线和对流层光学厚度的探测结果.测量结果表明,该雷达具备昼夜连续观测对流层大气气溶胶的能力,可以很好地反映气溶胶粒子的时间和空间分布特征.      

THz Cherenkov radiation of Josephson vortex

It is shown that Josephson vortices travelling in sandwich embedded in dielectric media radiate electromagnetic waves with THz frequencies. This phenomenon is caused by the Cherenkov effect and takes place if vortex velocity exceeds the speed of light in dielectric.     

Cherenkov radiation of a spinning particle

We consider the Cherenkov radiation of a neutral particle with magnetic moment, and the spin-dependent contribution to the Cherenkov radiation of a charged spinning particle. The corresponding radiation intensity is obtained for an arbitrary value of spin and for an arbitrary spin orientation with respect to velocity. The article is published in the original.     

一种无公共视场相机位置关系的求解方法

多相机系统的标定是立体视觉测量中的一个重要问题。而当各相机间公共视场较小或无公共视场时,标定参照物不能同时出现在所有相机的公共视场,因此无法求解系统中多相机的相对位置关系。针对该类问题,论文在二维靶标标定法的基础上,提出了一种基于两轴转台的无公共视场相机位置关系的求解方法。将待标定系统固定在转台上,利用转台转动确定靶标坐标系与转台坐标系之间的相对关系;通过转动转台使二维靶标依次进入每个相机视场以分别确定转动后每个相机在靶标坐标系中的位置,并记录转动的角度;最后,结合靶标坐标系与转台坐标系关系,求解各相机之间的相对位置关系。实验结果表明,该方法具有可操作性,解算误差在0.5%以内,可较准确地确定多个光轴之间角度较大的非共视场相机位置关系。     

一种微小型导引头视场下偏角的标定方法

描述了一种应用于微小型光学导引头视场下偏角标定的方法,通过获得导引头绕自身回转轴线转动时拍摄的固定靶标图像计算不同旋转角度时导引头中心视线落点和摄像机坐标系原点在世界坐标系下的坐标,以拟合获得的这2组点的分布建立空间几何关系进而得出下偏角。给出了3组实验数据,分别检验该方法的标定误差、实际所需的采样点数并给出了实际工作中的应用效果。实验表明该方法可以快速标定导引头系统的下偏角,其标定绝对误差小于0.10°。     

Projection-reconstruction reduced [correction of reduces] FOV imaging

Reduced field-of-view (rFOV) imaging was introduced recently as a rapid imaging technique that improves temporal resolution while maintaining spatial resolution. It is based on undersampling in k-space and utilizes the fact that the dynamics of an evolving process are often confined to a local area within the full FOV. In the work presented here the reduced FOV approach is applied to projection-reconstruction MRI and compared to the original spin-warp implementation. Results are presented that clearly demonstrate the increased robustness of the projection-reconstruction version of rFOV imaging. The technique is successfully applied to an MR-guided biopsy scenario (ex-vivo) and to cine cardiac imaging. Finally an algorithm is proposed that uses the intrinsic advantages of radial k-space sampling to evaluate the projection data to control the adjustment of position and size of the reduced FOV window.