锌掺杂半导体材料的共振电离质谱分析

本文简要地描述了激光共振电离质谱的实验装置和测量方法,给出了用共振电离质谱方法对锌掺杂化合物半导体材料进行分析的光谱和质谱图,并估计了用这种方法进行痕量分析可能达到的检测限.     

Sn激光共振电离质谱分析中电离通道理论探讨

Sn激光共振电离质谱同位素分析中电离通道的选择非常关键.采用Dirac–Hartree–Fock(MCDHF)方法和相对论组态相互作用的Grasp VU原子结构计算程序,计算了Sn、Te原子的低激发态能级结构、光谱跃迁几率.通过对Sn质谱分析用灯丝样品进行热蒸发实验,确定了Sn原子在蒸发条件下基态能级粒子布局.结合理论计算跃迁数据和布局数据,从选择性电离角度出发,推荐了Sn激光共振电离质谱分析中Sn电离光谱通道.     

Sn激光共振电离质谱分析中电离通道理论探讨

Sn激光共振电离质谱同位素分析中电离通道的选择非常关键。采用Dirac–Hartree–Fock（MCDHF）方法和相对论组态相互作用的GraspVU原子结构计算程序,计算了Sn、Te原子的低激发态能级结构、光谱跃迁几率。通过对Sn质谱分析用灯丝样品进行热蒸发实验,确定了Sn原子在蒸发条件下基态能级粒子布局。结合理论计算跃迁数据和布局数据,从选择性电离角度出发,推荐了Sn激光共振电离质谱分析中Sn电离光谱通道。     

激光单原子探测与共振电离质谱学

 共振电离谱学(Resonance Ionization Spectro-scopy,RIS)是80年代发展起来的一个物理学新分支,在此基础上发展起来的激光单原子探测(LaserSingle Atom Detection,LSAD)技术是超微量探测技术的一大飞跃.它实现了探测灵敏度的理论极限,即能够探测到一个原子(或分子)的存在,而且能从电子结构运动层次上观察原子相互作用及变化的过程(扩散,凝聚,涨落,解离,催化……).它在基础研究和应用基础研究中获得了极广泛的应用(如材料科学,原子、分子物理,化学,地学,凝聚态物理,核物理,医学,资源科学,……),可能在一些学科领域中引起突破性的进展.     

Cd掺杂的Cu_2ZnSnS_4光伏材料的发光光谱及其太阳能电池器件特性

利用溅射-硫化法制备了一系列不同Cd含量掺杂的铜锌锡硫薄膜材料,并获得了转换效率最高达10.65%的薄膜太阳能电池。利用扫描电子显微镜、变温光致发光谱、变激发密度发光光谱对材料进行了表征,分析了电池器件的电容-电压、电流-电压特性。材料的发光峰峰值显示出反常的温度依赖性,载流子表现出强烈的局域化特征。Cd的适当掺入可以抑制较深缺陷的形成并减小发光峰值和带隙值之间的能量差,从而减小了器件开路电压的损失,有利于器件效率的提升。     

掺杂铽的对甲基苯甲酸锌发光材料的合成与荧光性能研究

采用流变相法合成了掺杂三价铽离子的对甲基苯甲酸锌发光材料。在紫外灯的照射下,观察比较了对甲基苯甲酸、对甲基苯甲酸锌以及掺杂Tb（Ⅲ）的对甲基苯甲酸锌盐的荧光现象,利用荧光分光光度计测定了三者的激发光谱和发射光谱,并讨论三者的发光特性和机理。结果表明：对甲基苯甲酸作为有机配体可以改善Tb^3＋离子的发光性能。     

用共振电离质谱测定铀原子奇宇称高激发态能级

对铀原子单色和双色多光子共振电离光谱开展了深入的研究。报道了用双色三步共振光电离技术测量位于３３００３￣３４２６４ｃｍ＾－１范围内的奇宇称高激发态能级的位置。利用总角动量选择定则指定了这些能级的总角动量Ｊ值。     

共振离子化质谱在高纯材料表面杂质分析中的应用

用激光熔出－共振离子化质谱法测定纯铁中及高纯硅片表面的铬。测定含有１０１２原子／ｃｍ２Ｃｒ的信号强度表明本方法可测定低至１０９原子／ｃｍ２的样品，其空间分辨率为０．２ｍｍ，还可进行二维杂质元素分析。     

Mass Spectrometry,Review of the Basics: Ionization

Abstract: Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an integral tool in life sciences. The first step in MS analysis is ion formation (ionization). Many ionization methods currently exist; electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) are the most commonly used. ESI relies on the formation of charged droplets releasing ions from the surface (ion evaporation model) or via complete solvent evaporation (charge residual model). MALDI ionization, however, is facilitated via laser energy and the use of a matrix. Despite wide use, ESI cannot efficiently ionize nonpolar compounds. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and atmospheric pressure photo ionization (APPI) are better suited for such tasks. APPI requires photon energy and a dopant, whereas APCI is similar to chemical ionization. In 2004, ambient MS was introduced in which ionization occurs at the sample in its native form. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and direct analysis in real time (DART) are the most widely used methods. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the main ionization methods and the mechanisms of ion formation. This article is educational and intended for students/researchers who are not very familiar with MS and would like to learn the basics; it is not for MS experts.     

铜原子的二步三光子共振电离

本文研究了适合于共振激光消融质谱的铜原子的二步三光子共振电离过程。在较严格的条件下求解了该过程的速率方程,并分析了在脉冲激光作用下共振电离信号的探讨效率,以及影响电离效率的光通量等各种因素。本文的计算方法具有普适性,而其理论结果对于共振激光消融的实验研究具有指导意义。     

Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry (RIMS) with Pulsed and CW-Lasers on Plutonium

The detection of long-lived plutonium isotopes in ultra-trace amounts by resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) is a well-established routine method. Detection limits of 10⁶ to 10⁷ atoms and precise measurements of the isotopic composition have been achieved. In this work multi-step resonance ionization of plutonium atoms has been performed with tunable lasers having very different output intensities and spectral properties. In order to compare different ways for the resonance ionization of plutonium broadband pulsed dye and titanium:sapphire lasers as well as narrow-band cw-diode and titanium:sapphire lasers have been applied for a number of efficient excitation schemes. It has been shown, that for identical excitation schemes the optical isotope selectivity can be improved by using cw-lasers (bandwidths < 10 MHz) instead of pulsed lasers (bandwidths > 2 GHz). Pulsed and cw-laser systems have been used simultaneously for resonance ionization enabling direct comparisons of pulsed and continuous ionization processes. So far, a three-step, three-color laser excitation scheme has been proven to be most practical in terms of efficiency, selectivity and laser wavelengths. Alternatively a newly discovered three-step, two-color excitation scheme which includes a strong two-photon transition from an excited state into a high-lying autoionizing state yields similar ionization efficiencies. This two-photon transition was characterized with respect to saturation behavior and line width.     

乙胺分子的多光子电离过程质谱研究

报道了乙胺分子在４４０～４７５ｎｍ波长范围内多光子电离（ＭＰＩ）质谱（ＭＳ）研究结果。碎片离子主要由母体离子碎裂模式产生。母体离子ＣＨ３ＣＨ２Ｎ＋·Ｈ２由经３ｓ里德堡态的（２＋２）共振多光子电离产生后，大部分发生β键断裂，形成ＣＨ２＝Ｎ＋Ｈ２离子，还有一部分再吸收一个光子，通过Ｃ－Ｈ（ＣＨ２）键的断裂产生了ＣＨ３ＣＨ＝Ｎ＋Ｈ２离子。ＣＨ３ＣＨ＝Ｎ＋Ｈ２和ＣＨ２＝Ｎ＋Ｈ２离子最容易发生的碎裂过程是脱去氢分子，分别产生Ｃ２Ｈ４Ｎ＋（分子式）离子和ＣＨ≡Ｎ＋Ｈ离子。     

Laser Ionization and Penning Trap Mass Spectrometry – A Fruitful Combination for Isomer Separation and High-precision Mass Measurements

We have demonstrated for the first time that element-selective laser ionization in combination with ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry can be used to prepare isomerically pure ion ensembles. Together with β–γ coincidence studies this method allowed a determination of the low-energy structure and the unambiguous identification of triple β-decaying isomerism in ⁷⁰Cu. By selective resonant ionization and measurement of the masses of these three states using ISOLTRAP at ISOLDE/CERN with a relative uncertainty of δm/m ≈ 5 ⋅ 10⁻⁸ a clear state-to-mass assignment was possible which resolved the assignment puzzle in ⁷⁰Cu.     

用激光解吸附电离飞行时间质谱法检测悬浮土壤颗粒物

在自行研制的气溶胶飞行时间激光质谱仪(ATOFLMS)上实时探测单个悬浮土壤颗粒的粒径和化学成分。利用双束连续激光对单个粒子的空气动力学粒径进行测量,并用266 nm的Nd∶YAG激光器对气溶胶单粒子进行解吸附电离作用,产物离子通过飞行时间质谱仪的无场漂移区后完成单粒子化学成分的检测。本实验中使用了4个不同地区的土壤样本,在实验室内对分析的样本进行预处理和再悬浮,通过导管引入ATOFLMS进行测量,得到大量单粒子的粒径和质谱数据。发现在众多的单粒子的阳离子质谱中,金属成分以地壳元素(Fe, K, Al, Ca)为主,在其他阳离子质谱中包含了Mg和Na等。对悬浮土壤粒子的粒径进行实时检测的结果表明这些粒子多以粗粒子为主, 粒径主要集中在1～2 μm。实验结果表明该仪器在大气气溶胶环境监测及相关研究领域具有重要的实用价值。     

蓖麻油中无机元素的质谱分析

建立了乙醇稀释-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定蓖麻油中多个无机微量元素的分析方法。蓖麻油样品用乙醇稀释,使用ICP-MS法直接测定。在等离子体氩气流中加入少量氧气,使高浓度有机溶液进入等离子体中完全燃烧,防止了高碳在质谱锥口和离子透镜上的冷凝沉积,采用八极杆碰撞/反应池(ORS)消除了质谱干扰,多元素(Sc,Ge,Rh,Ir)内标溶液的使用消除了基体效应,维持了各元素分析信号的稳定,通过向待测溶液中加入Au标准溶液,使元素Hg形成金汞齐消除了记忆效应。20个待测元素的线性相关系数≥0.999 5,检出限在0.06～20.1 ng·L-1之间,回收率为90.4%～110.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤4.8%。通过对不同来源蓖麻油样品进行分析,结果显示,三个样品中元素的含量存在较大差异。方法能快速、简便、准确测定蓖麻油中的多个无机元素。     

Evolved Gas Analysis by Mass Spectrometry

Abstract: Periodic publications have been published that address advances in evolved gas analysis techniques, because the correct interpretation for the mechanism of a thermally induced reaction, involving the formation of gaseous species, is strongly dependent on the characterization of the evolved products.

When the nature of volatile products released by a substance subjected to a controlled-temperature program are online determined, the results allow one to prove a supposed reaction, either under isothermal or under heating conditions.

Very recent analytical applications of evolved gas analysis performed by mass spectrometry, selected among those published in 2012 and 2013, are collected in this review.